日粮中添加胆碱、烟酸和维生素C对奶牛生产性能和部分血液理化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验在奶牛日粮中分别添加胆碱、烟酸和维生素C，研究其对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。
试验一：选用6头泌乳早期的初产中国荷斯坦牛，分为3组，每组2头，采用3×3重复拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、60、120g／d全血保护氯化胆碱，研究其对奶牛生产性能、血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加全血保护氯化胆碱使奶牛产奶量、4％标准乳含量均有增加趋势，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；添加氯化胆碱120g／d使乳脂率提高了5.67％(P＜0.05)，而60g／d添加组无显著变化(P＞0.05)；添加全血保护氯化胆碱不影响奶牛乳蛋白含量。(2)添加全血保护氯化胆碱使奶牛血清胆固醇和甘油三酯略有下降，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；添加全血保护氯化胆碱60g／d、120g／d使游离脂肪酸含量分别降低23.68％(P＜0.05)、19.13％(P＞0.05)，不同添加组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
试验二：选择3头泌乳早期处于热应激的荷斯坦牛，采用3×3拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、6、12g／d烟酸，研究其对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加烟酸对热应激奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率无显著影响(P＞0.05)。(2)添加6g／d、12g／d烟酸可使产奶量分别提高13.20％(P＜0.05)、9.39％(P＜0.05)，而4％标准乳量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸不影响乳蛋白和乳脂率。(3)添加烟酸使胆固醇含量降低，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸6g／d、12g／d使血糖含量提高37.89％(P＜0.05)、51.93％(P＜0.05)，但两添加组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸12g／d可显著降低奶牛血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.05)；各添加组的甘油三酯含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加6g／d、12g／d烟酸使游离脂肪酸含量降低23.89％(P＜0.01)、10.39％(P＜0.01)。
试验三：选择6头处于热应激的荷斯坦牛，分成3组，每组2头，采用3×3重复拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、5、10g／d双包膜高稳维生素C，研究其对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加Vc可以降低奶牛直肠温度、呼吸频率，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；(2)添加Vc对奶牛产奶量和乳成分无显著影响(P＞0.05)；(3)添加Vc可以降低T_3和T_4、升高皮质醇含量，但均未达显著水平。(4)添加Vc对奶牛胆固醇、甘油三酪无显著影响(P＞0.05)；添加Vc5g／d、10g／d使血清Vc和碱性磷酸酶分别增加46.52％(P＜0.05)、84.04％(P＜0.01)和34.33％(P＜0.01)、28.32％(P＜0.01)，尿素氮含量分别降低17.68％(P＜0.01)、11.44％(P＜0.05)。(5)添加Vc5g／d、10g／d使IgG含量和
总抗氧化力分别提高 7．14％（PTho．05）、ZI．43％（P＜0．05）和 31，44％（Pwto．05）、
sl．69％（Prto．05），而活性氧含量分别降低 7．42％（PIno．05）、3．94％（PIno．05）。
Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of dietary choline, niacin and vitamin C on performance and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows.
In experiment 1,6 primiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were selected in a replicated 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0> 60, 120g/d blood梡rotected choline chloride on performance and blood biochemical parameters. The results were followed:(l) Milk yield and 4% fat corrected milk tended to increase for supplemental rumen梡rotected choline,but no significant difference (P >0. 05);Milk fat percentage of the treatment of supplementing 120g/d choline increased 5.67% (P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference between the 60g/d group and the unsupplemental control (P >0. 05) ;Dietary choline had no effect on milk protein percentage. (2)Serum cholesterol and triglyceride tended to decrease, but no significant differene (P>0. 05);The content of serum free fatty acid decreased 23.68% (P<0.05) and 19.13 (P>0. 05) respectively compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the 60g/d group and the 120g/d group (P>0. 05).
In experiment 2,3 Hostein cows in early lactating under heat stress were selected in a 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0, 6, 12g/d nicotinic acid (niacin) on performance and blood biocheminal parameters. The results were followed: (1) Supplemental niacin had no significant effect on the rectal temperature and
respiratory rate (P>0. 05). (2) Milk yield increased 13.20% (P<0. 05K 9.39% (P<0.05) respectively , but 4% fat corrected milk yield was no significant differene (P>0. 05) ;Dietary niacin had no effect on milk fat and protein percentage. (3) The content of serum cholesterol decreased
insignificantly (P>0. 05) ;The conten of blood sugar increased 37. 89* (P <0. 05) > 51. 93% (P<0. 05), there was no significant differene between the two groups (P > 0.05);The content of urea nitrogen decreased significantly for supplementing 12g/d niacin (P<0. 05);The content of serum triglyceride was no significant differene between the treatment of supplemental niacin and the control group (P>0.05);The content of free fatty acid decreased 23.89% (P < 0. 01) , 10.39% (P < 0. 01) respectively.
In experiment 3,6 Holstein cows under heat stress were selected in a replicated 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0>5^lOg/d vitamin C on performance and blood parameters. The results were followed: (1) Rectal temperature and respiratory rate decreased for supplemental vitamin C,but there was no significant differene (P>0. 05) ;(2) Dietary vitamin C had no effect on milk yield and milk composition. (3) The serum I3^ T.( decreased and serum cortisol increased,but no significant differene (P > 0.05); (4) There was no significant effect for dietary vitamin C on serum cholesterol and triglyceride (P>0.05);The content of serum vitamin C and alkaline phosphatase activity respectively increased 46. 52% (P<0. 05) ^ 84. 04% (P <0. 01) and 34. 33% (P<0. 01) , 28. 32% (P<0. 01) ; Urea nitrogen decreased 17. 68% (P<0. 01) > 11. 44% (P<0. 05) respectively. (5) The contant of serum TgG and total antioxidation capacity respectively increased 7. 14% (P >0. 05), 21. 34% (P<0. 05) and 31. 44% (P<
0. 05) , 51. 69% (P<0. 05), serum active oxygen decreased 7. 42% (P>0. 05K 3.94% (P>0. 05) respectively.
试验一：选用6头泌乳早期的初产中国荷斯坦牛，分为3组，每组2头，采用3×3重复拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、60、120g／d全血保护氯化胆碱，研究其对奶牛生产性能、血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加全血保护氯化胆碱使奶牛产奶量、4％标准乳含量均有增加趋势，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；添加氯化胆碱120g／d使乳脂率提高了5.67％(P＜0.05)，而60g／d添加组无显著变化(P＞0.05)；添加全血保护氯化胆碱不影响奶牛乳蛋白含量。(2)添加全血保护氯化胆碱使奶牛血清胆固醇和甘油三酯略有下降，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；添加全血保护氯化胆碱60g／d、120g／d使游离脂肪酸含量分别降低23.68％(P＜0.05)、19.13％(P＞0.05)，不同添加组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
试验二：选择3头泌乳早期处于热应激的荷斯坦牛，采用3×3拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、6、12g／d烟酸，研究其对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加烟酸对热应激奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率无显著影响(P＞0.05)。(2)添加6g／d、12g／d烟酸可使产奶量分别提高13.20％(P＜0.05)、9.39％(P＜0.05)，而4％标准乳量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸不影响乳蛋白和乳脂率。(3)添加烟酸使胆固醇含量降低，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸6g／d、12g／d使血糖含量提高37.89％(P＜0.05)、51.93％(P＜0.05)，但两添加组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加烟酸12g／d可显著降低奶牛血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.05)；各添加组的甘油三酯含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；添加6g／d、12g／d烟酸使游离脂肪酸含量降低23.89％(P＜0.01)、10.39％(P＜0.01)。
试验三：选择6头处于热应激的荷斯坦牛，分成3组，每组2头，采用3×3重复拉丁方设计，分别饲喂0、5、10g／d双包膜高稳维生素C，研究其对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明：(1)添加Vc可以降低奶牛直肠温度、呼吸频率，但未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；(2)添加Vc对奶牛产奶量和乳成分无显著影响(P＞0.05)；(3)添加Vc可以降低T_3和T_4、升高皮质醇含量，但均未达显著水平。(4)添加Vc对奶牛胆固醇、甘油三酪无显著影响(P＞0.05)；添加Vc5g／d、10g／d使血清Vc和碱性磷酸酶分别增加46.52％(P＜0.05)、84.04％(P＜0.01)和34.33％(P＜0.01)、28.32％(P＜0.01)，尿素氮含量分别降低17.68％(P＜0.01)、11.44％(P＜0.05)。(5)添加Vc5g／d、10g／d使IgG含量和
总抗氧化力分别提高 7．14％（PTho．05）、ZI．43％（P＜0．05）和 31，44％（Pwto．05）、
sl．69％（Prto．05），而活性氧含量分别降低 7．42％（PIno．05）、3．94％（PIno．05）。
Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of dietary choline, niacin and vitamin C on performance and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows.
In experiment 1,6 primiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were selected in a replicated 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0> 60, 120g/d blood梡rotected choline chloride on performance and blood biochemical parameters. The results were followed:(l) Milk yield and 4% fat corrected milk tended to increase for supplemental rumen梡rotected choline,but no significant difference (P >0. 05);Milk fat percentage of the treatment of supplementing 120g/d choline increased 5.67% (P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference between the 60g/d group and the unsupplemental control (P >0. 05) ;Dietary choline had no effect on milk protein percentage. (2)Serum cholesterol and triglyceride tended to decrease, but no significant differene (P>0. 05);The content of serum free fatty acid decreased 23.68% (P<0.05) and 19.13 (P>0. 05) respectively compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the 60g/d group and the 120g/d group (P>0. 05).
In experiment 2,3 Hostein cows in early lactating under heat stress were selected in a 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0, 6, 12g/d nicotinic acid (niacin) on performance and blood biocheminal parameters. The results were followed: (1) Supplemental niacin had no significant effect on the rectal temperature and
respiratory rate (P>0. 05). (2) Milk yield increased 13.20% (P<0. 05K 9.39% (P<0.05) respectively , but 4% fat corrected milk yield was no significant differene (P>0. 05) ;Dietary niacin had no effect on milk fat and protein percentage. (3) The content of serum cholesterol decreased
insignificantly (P>0. 05) ;The conten of blood sugar increased 37. 89* (P <0. 05) > 51. 93% (P<0. 05), there was no significant differene between the two groups (P > 0.05);The content of urea nitrogen decreased significantly for supplementing 12g/d niacin (P<0. 05);The content of serum triglyceride was no significant differene between the treatment of supplemental niacin and the control group (P>0.05);The content of free fatty acid decreased 23.89% (P < 0. 01) , 10.39% (P < 0. 01) respectively.
In experiment 3,6 Holstein cows under heat stress were selected in a replicated 3X3 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplemental 0>5^lOg/d vitamin C on performance and blood parameters. The results were followed: (1) Rectal temperature and respiratory rate decreased for supplemental vitamin C,but there was no significant differene (P>0. 05) ;(2) Dietary vitamin C had no effect on milk yield and milk composition. (3) The serum I3^ T.( decreased and serum cortisol increased,but no significant differene (P > 0.05); (4) There was no significant effect for dietary vitamin C on serum cholesterol and triglyceride (P>0.05);The content of serum vitamin C and alkaline phosphatase activity respectively increased 46. 52% (P<0. 05) ^ 84. 04% (P <0. 01) and 34. 33% (P<0. 01) , 28. 32% (P<0. 01) ; Urea nitrogen decreased 17. 68% (P<0. 01) > 11. 44% (P<0. 05) respectively. (5) The contant of serum TgG and total antioxidation capacity respectively increased 7. 14% (P >0. 05), 21. 34% (P<0. 05) and 31. 44% (P<
0. 05) , 51. 69% (P<0. 05), serum active oxygen decreased 7. 42% (P>0. 05K 3.94% (P>0. 05) respectively.
引文
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