焦作地区太原组硅质岩的沉积和构造环境
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摘要
本文以研究区灰岩中的硅质岩为切入点,采用野外地质和地球化学分析的研究方法,重点研究了焦作地区太原组灰岩的风暴沉积以及硅质岩沉积特征与构造环境,并结合华北盆地南缘太原组时期区域构造背景和盆地基底的几何学特征,对华北陆块南部焦作地区太原组的沉积特征和构造环境进行了分析,取得以下认识:
1.焦作地区太原组灰岩中的风暴沉积主要发育在L4、L5、L6灰岩中,根据沉积构造自下而上大致可以分为3个层序:(1)下部介壳碎屑滞积沉积层;(2)中部泥灰岩纹理层;(3)上部泥岩段。这一风暴沉积序列,在研究区表现出了旋回性。根据这些垂向层序可将风暴活动过程可分为成长期、高峰期、衰减期和停息期几个阶段。与典型风暴沉积所不同的是,可能还伴随着地震作用,导致风暴沉积以后,还没有完全固结,就产生了原始沉积地层强烈的改变,呈各种包裹关系,并在研究区见有球-枕构造、地震楔和同沉积小断层等古地震遗迹。
2.通过对华北陆块南部焦作地区太原组硅质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析表明,微量元素As,Sb元素比较富集,Al- Fe- Mn三角图,U-Th判别图,Fe-Mn-(Ni+ Co+ Cu)×10三角图和Zr-Cr关系图等均一致表明研究区硅质岩为热水成因硅质岩;稀土元素的北美页岩标准化分配模式曲线呈平坦状,δCe值呈负异常,δEu值呈正异常,La/Yb比值低,也反映了本区硅质岩的热水成因;常量元素TiO2和Al_2O_3的含量低,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)图解和硅质岩的Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)比值,以及Ce/Ce*(0.672-0.85),(La/Ce)N(1.207-1.497)等的特征表明,太原组硅质岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境。
3.通过上述分析,结合华北盆地本溪组至太原组盆地几何学特征的转变,以及太原组沉积时期的构造背景,推测,华北盆地在太原组沉积时期,可能受到南部勉略大洋的影响,由此主导了华北盆地含煤地层的沉积过程。
The paper study mainly storm deposit of limestone and cherts's Sedimentary characteristics and Tectonic environment in Jiaozuo area,by using reserach method of and Geochemical analysis based on the cherts. Meanwhile, through combining regional tectonic setting and geometric characteristic of basement in southern part of the North China Basin,the paper ananlyses sedimentation characteristics and structural environment of Taiyuan Formation in Jiaozuo, the southern part of North China Block. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. Storm deposit of the limestone developed mainly in L4,L5 and L6 of Taiyuan Formation in JiaoZuo.The limestone is divided into 3 sequences from bottom to top on the basis of sedimentary structure:(1) The lower part of shell debris deposits lag plot;(2) The middle Texture layer of marl;(3) The upper mudstone. This sequence of storm deposit exertses cyclicity in the study area. According to these vertical sequences,the process of storm activity can be divided into growth period, fastigium, attenuation period and Interval. The difference between storm deposit in Jiaozuo area and typical storm deposit is that the former is with earthquake probably.The earthquake led to strong change of sedimentary stratum before it is solidified completely. The result is that rock stratums are mixed together, and paleoearthquake relic, such as Ball-and-pillow structure, earthquake wedge and syndepositional fault.
2. Through analysis of the major elements,trace elements and REE elements of cherts from Taiyuan formation in Jiaozuo,the southern part of North China Block , according to the trace elements As,Sb are more enrichment, the characteristics of A1-Fe-Mn triangle diagram,U-Th discrimination diagrams,Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)×10 triangular diagram and Zr-Cr diagram,it is indicated that the cherts were derived from hot water; The NASC-normalized flat REE patterns with weak negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies and the lower ratio of La/Yb indicate that the cherts are hydrothermal sediments;the lower ratio of the major elements TiO_2 and Al_2O_3,the diagram of Fe_2O_3/TiO_2- Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)and the characteristics of Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3),Ce/Ce*(0.672-0.85)and (La/Ce)N(1.207-1.665) implied a setting of continental margin.
3. Through the above analysis, according to the changes of geometric characteristic of the Basin from Benxi Formation to Taiyuan Formation, combined with the tectonic setting of Taiyuan Formation during the deposition period.North China basin probably has been impacted by the southern Mianlue ocean,which became the leading force in the sedimentation process of coal stratum of North China basin.
1.焦作地区太原组灰岩中的风暴沉积主要发育在L4、L5、L6灰岩中,根据沉积构造自下而上大致可以分为3个层序:(1)下部介壳碎屑滞积沉积层;(2)中部泥灰岩纹理层;(3)上部泥岩段。这一风暴沉积序列,在研究区表现出了旋回性。根据这些垂向层序可将风暴活动过程可分为成长期、高峰期、衰减期和停息期几个阶段。与典型风暴沉积所不同的是,可能还伴随着地震作用,导致风暴沉积以后,还没有完全固结,就产生了原始沉积地层强烈的改变,呈各种包裹关系,并在研究区见有球-枕构造、地震楔和同沉积小断层等古地震遗迹。
2.通过对华北陆块南部焦作地区太原组硅质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析表明,微量元素As,Sb元素比较富集,Al- Fe- Mn三角图,U-Th判别图,Fe-Mn-(Ni+ Co+ Cu)×10三角图和Zr-Cr关系图等均一致表明研究区硅质岩为热水成因硅质岩;稀土元素的北美页岩标准化分配模式曲线呈平坦状,δCe值呈负异常,δEu值呈正异常,La/Yb比值低,也反映了本区硅质岩的热水成因;常量元素TiO2和Al_2O_3的含量低,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)图解和硅质岩的Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)比值,以及Ce/Ce*(0.672-0.85),(La/Ce)N(1.207-1.497)等的特征表明,太原组硅质岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境。
3.通过上述分析,结合华北盆地本溪组至太原组盆地几何学特征的转变,以及太原组沉积时期的构造背景,推测,华北盆地在太原组沉积时期,可能受到南部勉略大洋的影响,由此主导了华北盆地含煤地层的沉积过程。
The paper study mainly storm deposit of limestone and cherts's Sedimentary characteristics and Tectonic environment in Jiaozuo area,by using reserach method of and Geochemical analysis based on the cherts. Meanwhile, through combining regional tectonic setting and geometric characteristic of basement in southern part of the North China Basin,the paper ananlyses sedimentation characteristics and structural environment of Taiyuan Formation in Jiaozuo, the southern part of North China Block. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. Storm deposit of the limestone developed mainly in L4,L5 and L6 of Taiyuan Formation in JiaoZuo.The limestone is divided into 3 sequences from bottom to top on the basis of sedimentary structure:(1) The lower part of shell debris deposits lag plot;(2) The middle Texture layer of marl;(3) The upper mudstone. This sequence of storm deposit exertses cyclicity in the study area. According to these vertical sequences,the process of storm activity can be divided into growth period, fastigium, attenuation period and Interval. The difference between storm deposit in Jiaozuo area and typical storm deposit is that the former is with earthquake probably.The earthquake led to strong change of sedimentary stratum before it is solidified completely. The result is that rock stratums are mixed together, and paleoearthquake relic, such as Ball-and-pillow structure, earthquake wedge and syndepositional fault.
2. Through analysis of the major elements,trace elements and REE elements of cherts from Taiyuan formation in Jiaozuo,the southern part of North China Block , according to the trace elements As,Sb are more enrichment, the characteristics of A1-Fe-Mn triangle diagram,U-Th discrimination diagrams,Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)×10 triangular diagram and Zr-Cr diagram,it is indicated that the cherts were derived from hot water; The NASC-normalized flat REE patterns with weak negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies and the lower ratio of La/Yb indicate that the cherts are hydrothermal sediments;the lower ratio of the major elements TiO_2 and Al_2O_3,the diagram of Fe_2O_3/TiO_2- Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)and the characteristics of Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3),Ce/Ce*(0.672-0.85)and (La/Ce)N(1.207-1.665) implied a setting of continental margin.
3. Through the above analysis, according to the changes of geometric characteristic of the Basin from Benxi Formation to Taiyuan Formation, combined with the tectonic setting of Taiyuan Formation during the deposition period.North China basin probably has been impacted by the southern Mianlue ocean,which became the leading force in the sedimentation process of coal stratum of North China basin.
引文
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