记忆合金加工织构的演变规律及其对恢复性能的影响研究
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摘要
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金由于其优异宽滞后特性而被用于制备管接头、紧固件,用于管路、电缆紧固连接,具有抗振动性能高、装卸方便、减轻重量等优点。器件使用性能要求的提高,需要对材料性能进行优化控制。Ni47Ti44Nb9合金加工过程中会形成不同的变形织构,退火时形成再结晶织构,引起性能的各向异性。为了合理利用织构,提高合金性能,需要研究记忆合金加工过程织构的演变规律及其对性能的影响。本文利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM),对Ni47Ti44Nb9合金铸锭、板材和丝材中基体相的织构及其形成机制进行了系统研究,主要的研究成果为：
Ni47Ti44Nb9铸锭组织是由枝晶状的NiTi基体相及由NiTi相与β-Nb相形成的共晶相组成,NiTi基体中Ni/Ti比明显高于β-Nb。铸锭横断面有弱的织构,面取向接近{114}、{112}、{332}、{110}。
不同变形量及轧制次数板材冷轧主织构为Y取向线(<111>∥ND)织构,演变趋势为{111}<112>→{111}<110>,{111}<110>是中等变形的稳定织构。二次冷轧可增强板材织构,α取向线(<110>∥RD)上主要织构由{111}<110>延伸到{110}<110>。
对具有弱取向铸锭横截面样品,冷轧板材织构演变路径为{111}<112>→{111}<123>→{111}<110>。
沿与轧向成0°、45°、90°二次冷轧时,织构为α取向线及最强位置不同的γ取向线织构,90°轧制的取向密度最高,并在γ取向线上整体增强,最强点在(554)[110]、(554)[225]、(556)[51710]。90°四次冷轧最强织构转向{111}<110>
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金再结晶织构主要为{111}<110>、{111}<112>,根据再结晶择优形核、择优长大机制解释了Ni47Ti44Nb9合金中{111}<110>和{111}<112>退火织构的形成机理,{110}<110>变形织构对{111}<112>再结晶织构的形成有促进作用。合金板材退火后在厚度方向的织构表现为从板材中心层到表面层整体减弱的趋势,但织构类型基本不变,在0.85板厚位置的织构可代表板材的整体织构。
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金板材织构可通过加大变形量、沿90°方向轧制、大变形后退火进行强化。板材优化的轧制工艺是450℃温轧35-45%,总变形量70-90%。
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金热锻棒具有<111>丝织构,热拉丝、冷拉丝具有<113>丝织构,55%冷变形丝材NiTi基体相退火织构为<112>丝织构,β-Nb相具有强的<110>丝织构。
应用晶格畸变建立的数学模型对Ni47Ti44Nb9合金的恢复应变进行了理论计算及初步验证,恢复应变的理论预测值要明显高于实测值,但变化趋势基本一致,可用于定性预测。具有{111<112>、{111}<110>织构板材的恢复应变随轧向夹角先升高后降低,具有<112>织构丝材的恢复应变高于同取向的板材。
wide hysteresis shape memory alloy is used to produce coupling and fasteners for pipe connection due to its excellent properties of high vibrancy performance, reducing weight and easy installation and removal. It requires to precisely control material properties for better industry device performance. The formation of the deformation texture and recrystallization texture during Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy processing causes the anisotropy. Therefore a comprehensive study of the evolution of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy deformation texture and its effect on recovery properties is necessary. In this paper, a systematic study is carried on the matrix texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy ingot, plate and wire by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Microstructure of Ni47Ti44Nb9ingot is composed by the dendritic NiTi matrix phase and the eutectic phase of the NiTi and β-Nb, and the Ni/Ti ratio of NiTi matrix is significantly higher than that of β-Nb. Ingot transverse section orientation is close to{114},{112},{332} and{110}.
Deformation texture of cold rolled plate with the different reduction and rolled time is the y fibre texture (<111>//ND). It proves that the texture evolution is from{111}<112> to{111}<110> and the stable texture at medium deformation is{111}<110>. The orientation density of secondary cold rolled plate is greatly enhanced and major texture spreads from{111}<110> to{110}<110> in the α fibre (<110>//RD).
The evolution of cold rolled texture of ingot transverse section sample with weak texture is{111}<112>→{111}<123>→{111}<110>.
Textures of secondary cold rolled plates along0°,45°,90°to the rolling direction, are mainly the α fibre and y fibre texture with different strong position. The major texture of90°secondary cold rolled is (554)[110],(554)[225] and (556)[51710] and the overall texture intensity of y fibre is simultaneously enhanced. The texture of90°cold rolled has higher orientation density than that of0°,45°. The major texture for the plate forth cold rolled along90°to RD is {111}<110>.
The recrystallization texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy cold rolled plate is mainly composed by {111}<110> and {111}<112>. The evolution mechanism of annealed texture is proposed following the recrystallization grain preferred nucleation and preferred growth mechanism and strong {lll}<110> texture can promote the formation of {111}<112> recrystallization texture.
From the plate center to the surface. Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy reveals gradually weakening texture orientation density with close texture type, so the texture at the0.85plate thickness location can represent the entire plate.
Texture intensity is enhanced by increasing reduction, rolling along90°to rolling direction and annealing of rolled plate. Optimization rolled procedure of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy is warm rolled by35～45%reduction at450℃with total70～90%deformation.
The hot forged bar has <111> fibre texture, and <113> fibre texture is major texture in hot and cold drawn wire. The annealing texture of NiTi matrix phase of55%cold drawn wire is <112> fibre texture, while that of P-Nb is <110> fibre texture.
The paper applies a mathematical model prososed by lattice distortion theory to calculate the recovery strain of polycrystalline Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy, and conducts a preliminary verification. Recovery strains variation with the angle to the RI) of theoretical calculations has the same regularity with that of experimental data. It can qualitatively predict recovery strain variation of different direction. Recovery strain variation with the angle to the RD of {111]<112>,{111}<11()> texture first increases and then decreases, and the wire with <112> fibre texture has higher recovery strain than the same orientation plate.
Ni47Ti44Nb9铸锭组织是由枝晶状的NiTi基体相及由NiTi相与β-Nb相形成的共晶相组成,NiTi基体中Ni/Ti比明显高于β-Nb。铸锭横断面有弱的织构,面取向接近{114}、{112}、{332}、{110}。
不同变形量及轧制次数板材冷轧主织构为Y取向线(<111>∥ND)织构,演变趋势为{111}<112>→{111}<110>,{111}<110>是中等变形的稳定织构。二次冷轧可增强板材织构,α取向线(<110>∥RD)上主要织构由{111}<110>延伸到{110}<110>。
对具有弱取向铸锭横截面样品,冷轧板材织构演变路径为{111}<112>→{111}<123>→{111}<110>。
沿与轧向成0°、45°、90°二次冷轧时,织构为α取向线及最强位置不同的γ取向线织构,90°轧制的取向密度最高,并在γ取向线上整体增强,最强点在(554)[110]、(554)[225]、(556)[51710]。90°四次冷轧最强织构转向{111}<110>
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金再结晶织构主要为{111}<110>、{111}<112>,根据再结晶择优形核、择优长大机制解释了Ni47Ti44Nb9合金中{111}<110>和{111}<112>退火织构的形成机理,{110}<110>变形织构对{111}<112>再结晶织构的形成有促进作用。合金板材退火后在厚度方向的织构表现为从板材中心层到表面层整体减弱的趋势,但织构类型基本不变,在0.85板厚位置的织构可代表板材的整体织构。
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金板材织构可通过加大变形量、沿90°方向轧制、大变形后退火进行强化。板材优化的轧制工艺是450℃温轧35-45%,总变形量70-90%。
Ni47Ti44Nb9合金热锻棒具有<111>丝织构,热拉丝、冷拉丝具有<113>丝织构,55%冷变形丝材NiTi基体相退火织构为<112>丝织构,β-Nb相具有强的<110>丝织构。
应用晶格畸变建立的数学模型对Ni47Ti44Nb9合金的恢复应变进行了理论计算及初步验证,恢复应变的理论预测值要明显高于实测值,但变化趋势基本一致,可用于定性预测。具有{111<112>、{111}<110>织构板材的恢复应变随轧向夹角先升高后降低,具有<112>织构丝材的恢复应变高于同取向的板材。
wide hysteresis shape memory alloy is used to produce coupling and fasteners for pipe connection due to its excellent properties of high vibrancy performance, reducing weight and easy installation and removal. It requires to precisely control material properties for better industry device performance. The formation of the deformation texture and recrystallization texture during Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy processing causes the anisotropy. Therefore a comprehensive study of the evolution of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy deformation texture and its effect on recovery properties is necessary. In this paper, a systematic study is carried on the matrix texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy ingot, plate and wire by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Microstructure of Ni47Ti44Nb9ingot is composed by the dendritic NiTi matrix phase and the eutectic phase of the NiTi and β-Nb, and the Ni/Ti ratio of NiTi matrix is significantly higher than that of β-Nb. Ingot transverse section orientation is close to{114},{112},{332} and{110}.
Deformation texture of cold rolled plate with the different reduction and rolled time is the y fibre texture (<111>//ND). It proves that the texture evolution is from{111}<112> to{111}<110> and the stable texture at medium deformation is{111}<110>. The orientation density of secondary cold rolled plate is greatly enhanced and major texture spreads from{111}<110> to{110}<110> in the α fibre (<110>//RD).
The evolution of cold rolled texture of ingot transverse section sample with weak texture is{111}<112>→{111}<123>→{111}<110>.
Textures of secondary cold rolled plates along0°,45°,90°to the rolling direction, are mainly the α fibre and y fibre texture with different strong position. The major texture of90°secondary cold rolled is (554)[110],(554)[225] and (556)[51710] and the overall texture intensity of y fibre is simultaneously enhanced. The texture of90°cold rolled has higher orientation density than that of0°,45°. The major texture for the plate forth cold rolled along90°to RD is {111}<110>.
The recrystallization texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy cold rolled plate is mainly composed by {111}<110> and {111}<112>. The evolution mechanism of annealed texture is proposed following the recrystallization grain preferred nucleation and preferred growth mechanism and strong {lll}<110> texture can promote the formation of {111}<112> recrystallization texture.
From the plate center to the surface. Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy reveals gradually weakening texture orientation density with close texture type, so the texture at the0.85plate thickness location can represent the entire plate.
Texture intensity is enhanced by increasing reduction, rolling along90°to rolling direction and annealing of rolled plate. Optimization rolled procedure of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy is warm rolled by35～45%reduction at450℃with total70～90%deformation.
The hot forged bar has <111> fibre texture, and <113> fibre texture is major texture in hot and cold drawn wire. The annealing texture of NiTi matrix phase of55%cold drawn wire is <112> fibre texture, while that of P-Nb is <110> fibre texture.
The paper applies a mathematical model prososed by lattice distortion theory to calculate the recovery strain of polycrystalline Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy, and conducts a preliminary verification. Recovery strains variation with the angle to the RI) of theoretical calculations has the same regularity with that of experimental data. It can qualitatively predict recovery strain variation of different direction. Recovery strain variation with the angle to the RD of {111]<112>,{111}<11()> texture first increases and then decreases, and the wire with <112> fibre texture has higher recovery strain than the same orientation plate.
引文
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