污泥热解残渣作吸附剂去除水中Cr（VI）和Pb（II）的试验研究
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摘要
本课题以城市污水处理厂的好氧生污泥和厌氧消化污泥为研究对象,通过简单热解制备污泥吸附剂,研究了热解温度和热解时间对污泥吸附剂性能的影响;之后将污泥残渣用于处理Cr(VI)和Pb(II)废水,研究了吸附时间、pH、吸附剂投加量对残渣吸附性能的影响;再将吸附饱和后的残渣进行解吸,考察解吸剂种类、解吸时间、解吸剂浓度对污泥残渣再生的影响;最后初步探讨了吸附机理。本论文得出了以下主要的研究结论。
1)在污泥热解过程中,提高温度和延长热解时间均会导致污泥残渣产率下降。残渣的碘值和对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的去除能力与热解温度和时间非正相关,存在最佳温度和时间,其中在700℃下热解1h的污泥残渣对两种重金属的吸附容量最大。经厌氧消化后,污泥吸附剂吸附性能有所降低。
2)残渣对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的去除率都随吸附时间增加而增加;Cr(VI)的去除率随pH增加减小,Pb(II)的去除率随pH增加而升高;增加吸附剂投加量,Cr(VI)和Pb(II)去除率上升,而单位吸附剂吸附容量迅速减小。在Cr(VI)初始浓度为200mg/L时,吸附3.0h,pH为4.0,吸附剂投加量为20g/L,污泥残渣对Cr(VI)的最大吸附容量(qmax)为13.9mg/g。在200mg/L的Pb(II)废水,吸附3.0h,pH为5.0,吸附剂投加量为20g/L,污泥残渣对Pb(II)的最大吸附容量(qmax)为9.63mg/g。
3)污泥残渣对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的吸附都符合准二级反应动力学模型。Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地拟合重金属离子吸附等温线。
4)盐酸相对硝酸对残渣有较高的解吸率。解吸率随解吸时间、解吸酸浓度的增加而增加。用0.05mol/L的HCl解吸3h,残渣对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(II)解吸率分别为71%和64%。污泥残渣的解吸符合准二级反应动力学模型。
5)污泥简单热解残渣对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(II)的去除有三种作用:静电吸附、表面络合、孔径吸附。
以上结论表明,污泥活热解残渣可以作为一种廉价、安全、经济的吸附剂应用于重金属废水的处理。
The excessed sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge were taked as research object in the paper. Impacts of pyrolysis temperature and react time on properties of residue prepared by sludge pyrolysis were investigated. After that,the Cr(VI)and Pb(II) wastewater are treated by using sludge residue .Some factors such as contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dose were presented to perform Cr(VI) and Pb(II) removal from water.Furthermore,the satured sludge residues were desotped and the effect of desorption acid, contact time and acid concentration on desorption capacity of residues were studyed. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of the aerobic sludge adsorbent was also studied. Following main conclusions are obtained:
1) With the increase of pyrolysis temperature and react time, the yield of sludge residues decreased. Iodine and adsorption capacity of residues is not correlated with prylosis temperature and time. There is an optimal parameter. The residues prepared by phosphorus–rich sludge in 700℃have the biggest adsorption capacity to Cr (VI) and Pb(II).
2) With the contact time extend,the removal efficiency of Cr(VI)and Pb(II) increased. when the solution pH increased, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI)decreased ,and removal rate of Pb(II) increased. Adding adsorbent dose, removal efficiency of Cr(VI)and Pb increased but the adsorption capacity decreased. In the wastewater of Cr(VI)200mg/L, the maximum capacity of pyrolysis residue for Cr(VI) sorption was 13.9mg/g at pH=4.0, contact time 3.0h and adsorbent dose of 20g/L. When the initial concentration of Pb(II) wastewater is 200mg/L, the biggest capacity was 9.63mg/g at pH=5.0, contact time 3.0h and adsorbent dose of 20g/L.
3) The Cr (VI) and Pb (II) sorption process can be depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. Langmuir model and Freundlich model were well fitting to the isotherm data, and the former appeared to be better. It is showed that the adsorption process is controed by reaction speed of many processes by Weber-Morris model.
4) Compared with nitrate, hydrochloric acid has a higher desorption rate to pyrolysis residues. And desorption rate increase, when the contact time is extended or the concentration of hydrochloric is improved. With 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid to desorpt 3h, the desorption rate of Cr (VI) and Pb(II) can separately reach up to 71% and 64%. The process of desorption can be depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic.
5) The mechanisms of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) removal by pyrolysis residues included electrostatic adsorption, surface complexation, and aperture adsorption.
The above results indicate that the pyrolysis sludge residue can be employed as an effective, safe and economically feasible adsorbent in treatment of heavy mental wastewater.
1)在污泥热解过程中,提高温度和延长热解时间均会导致污泥残渣产率下降。残渣的碘值和对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的去除能力与热解温度和时间非正相关,存在最佳温度和时间,其中在700℃下热解1h的污泥残渣对两种重金属的吸附容量最大。经厌氧消化后,污泥吸附剂吸附性能有所降低。
2)残渣对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的去除率都随吸附时间增加而增加;Cr(VI)的去除率随pH增加减小,Pb(II)的去除率随pH增加而升高;增加吸附剂投加量,Cr(VI)和Pb(II)去除率上升,而单位吸附剂吸附容量迅速减小。在Cr(VI)初始浓度为200mg/L时,吸附3.0h,pH为4.0,吸附剂投加量为20g/L,污泥残渣对Cr(VI)的最大吸附容量(qmax)为13.9mg/g。在200mg/L的Pb(II)废水,吸附3.0h,pH为5.0,吸附剂投加量为20g/L,污泥残渣对Pb(II)的最大吸附容量(qmax)为9.63mg/g。
3)污泥残渣对Cr(VI)和Pb(II)的吸附都符合准二级反应动力学模型。Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地拟合重金属离子吸附等温线。
4)盐酸相对硝酸对残渣有较高的解吸率。解吸率随解吸时间、解吸酸浓度的增加而增加。用0.05mol/L的HCl解吸3h,残渣对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(II)解吸率分别为71%和64%。污泥残渣的解吸符合准二级反应动力学模型。
5)污泥简单热解残渣对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(II)的去除有三种作用:静电吸附、表面络合、孔径吸附。
以上结论表明,污泥活热解残渣可以作为一种廉价、安全、经济的吸附剂应用于重金属废水的处理。
The excessed sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge were taked as research object in the paper. Impacts of pyrolysis temperature and react time on properties of residue prepared by sludge pyrolysis were investigated. After that,the Cr(VI)and Pb(II) wastewater are treated by using sludge residue .Some factors such as contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dose were presented to perform Cr(VI) and Pb(II) removal from water.Furthermore,the satured sludge residues were desotped and the effect of desorption acid, contact time and acid concentration on desorption capacity of residues were studyed. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of the aerobic sludge adsorbent was also studied. Following main conclusions are obtained:
1) With the increase of pyrolysis temperature and react time, the yield of sludge residues decreased. Iodine and adsorption capacity of residues is not correlated with prylosis temperature and time. There is an optimal parameter. The residues prepared by phosphorus–rich sludge in 700℃have the biggest adsorption capacity to Cr (VI) and Pb(II).
2) With the contact time extend,the removal efficiency of Cr(VI)and Pb(II) increased. when the solution pH increased, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI)decreased ,and removal rate of Pb(II) increased. Adding adsorbent dose, removal efficiency of Cr(VI)and Pb increased but the adsorption capacity decreased. In the wastewater of Cr(VI)200mg/L, the maximum capacity of pyrolysis residue for Cr(VI) sorption was 13.9mg/g at pH=4.0, contact time 3.0h and adsorbent dose of 20g/L. When the initial concentration of Pb(II) wastewater is 200mg/L, the biggest capacity was 9.63mg/g at pH=5.0, contact time 3.0h and adsorbent dose of 20g/L.
3) The Cr (VI) and Pb (II) sorption process can be depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. Langmuir model and Freundlich model were well fitting to the isotherm data, and the former appeared to be better. It is showed that the adsorption process is controed by reaction speed of many processes by Weber-Morris model.
4) Compared with nitrate, hydrochloric acid has a higher desorption rate to pyrolysis residues. And desorption rate increase, when the contact time is extended or the concentration of hydrochloric is improved. With 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid to desorpt 3h, the desorption rate of Cr (VI) and Pb(II) can separately reach up to 71% and 64%. The process of desorption can be depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic.
5) The mechanisms of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) removal by pyrolysis residues included electrostatic adsorption, surface complexation, and aperture adsorption.
The above results indicate that the pyrolysis sludge residue can be employed as an effective, safe and economically feasible adsorbent in treatment of heavy mental wastewater.
引文
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