基于非接触测量的电气火灾智能预警系统研究
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摘要
随着人类用电量的增加,电能在给人类带来巨大贡献的同时,电气火灾的发生也给人类造成了巨大的生命和财产损失。
电气火灾主要是由于电气设备和线路的过载、接触不良或短路等原因引起温度升高,从而导致电线自燃或周围可燃物燃烧。传统的接触式感温火灾探测方法存在安全性低、可维护性较差和安装困难等问题,基于非接触的红外热像仪方法有结构复杂、价格昂贵和自动化程度不高等缺点。本文采用基于非接触的红外温度传感器克服了传统测温方法的不足,具有非接触、低成本和结构简单等优点,实现了对电气火灾的早期预警,有效的防止电气火灾的发生。
本文从硬件和软件两个方面介绍了智能预警系统的设计和实现过程。系统的硬件部分介绍了红外温度传感器的选型以及信号调理电路、单片机模块电路与RS-485网络的硬件设计。其中主要包括:MSP430F149单片机和其主要外围电路的硬件设计;RS-485接口的标准由来和规范以及主从式RS-485网络的硬件电路的设计;为提高硬件电路的可靠性,论述了电磁干扰的主要来源,并提出了硬件抗电磁干扰的主要措施。
系统软件部分介绍了下位机、RS-485通信网络和上位机的软件设计过程。主要阐述了:下位机软件的主程序和主要的子程序的实现过程;RS-485通信方式的具体通信协议和实现;用Delphi语言编写的上位机软件的结构以及串口通信、数据的实时显示和数据库模块等主要功能模块的实现过程。
在本文最后分析了影响系统测温精度的各种干扰因素,并提出了温度修正算法以提高测温精度,以及对未来工作的展望。
As the increase of demand for electricity, electricity is benefiting human in the time, also causes great damage and loss of life.
The predominating mechanism of electrical fire is high temperature caused by overloads, ill touch or short circuit, which may cause fire of the combustible substance or spontaneous combustion of wires. Problems of traditional contact method are low security, poor maintainability and hard installation. Non-contact method with infrared imaging system are complicated construction, expensive and low degree of automation. In this paper, non-contact method with infrared thermal sensor is provided which overcome the shortcoming of the traditional methods, has some properties such as contactless, simple construction and low cost. It’s able to precaution in finite time to prevent the electrical fire. The paper presents the detail about the procedure of the design for the intelligent precaution system from both hardware and software aspects.
The hardware design part introduces the selection of infrared thermal sensor and the design scheme of signal conditioning, single chip and RS-485 network circuit. The main contention is as follows: the hardware design of the MSP430F149 and peripheral circuit; the standard of RS-485 and the design of master-slave network with RS-485 communication protocols; the major EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) source is analysized, and the methods of enhance the dependability and reduce EMI are improved.
The software design part introduces the design of lower machine, RS-485 network and upper machine. The main contention is as follows: the achievement process of the main program and sub-program of the lower machine; the principle and application of RS-485 serial communication; the construction of soft of host with Delphi and the achievement process of serial communication, data real-time display and databases. In the last, the different kinds of interfere effectors affected the measurement result of infrared sensor and the temperature correction method to enhance the precision of temperature measurement are introduced. And prospect for study in infrared sensing in future is present.
电气火灾主要是由于电气设备和线路的过载、接触不良或短路等原因引起温度升高,从而导致电线自燃或周围可燃物燃烧。传统的接触式感温火灾探测方法存在安全性低、可维护性较差和安装困难等问题,基于非接触的红外热像仪方法有结构复杂、价格昂贵和自动化程度不高等缺点。本文采用基于非接触的红外温度传感器克服了传统测温方法的不足,具有非接触、低成本和结构简单等优点,实现了对电气火灾的早期预警,有效的防止电气火灾的发生。
本文从硬件和软件两个方面介绍了智能预警系统的设计和实现过程。系统的硬件部分介绍了红外温度传感器的选型以及信号调理电路、单片机模块电路与RS-485网络的硬件设计。其中主要包括:MSP430F149单片机和其主要外围电路的硬件设计;RS-485接口的标准由来和规范以及主从式RS-485网络的硬件电路的设计;为提高硬件电路的可靠性,论述了电磁干扰的主要来源,并提出了硬件抗电磁干扰的主要措施。
系统软件部分介绍了下位机、RS-485通信网络和上位机的软件设计过程。主要阐述了:下位机软件的主程序和主要的子程序的实现过程;RS-485通信方式的具体通信协议和实现;用Delphi语言编写的上位机软件的结构以及串口通信、数据的实时显示和数据库模块等主要功能模块的实现过程。
在本文最后分析了影响系统测温精度的各种干扰因素,并提出了温度修正算法以提高测温精度,以及对未来工作的展望。
As the increase of demand for electricity, electricity is benefiting human in the time, also causes great damage and loss of life.
The predominating mechanism of electrical fire is high temperature caused by overloads, ill touch or short circuit, which may cause fire of the combustible substance or spontaneous combustion of wires. Problems of traditional contact method are low security, poor maintainability and hard installation. Non-contact method with infrared imaging system are complicated construction, expensive and low degree of automation. In this paper, non-contact method with infrared thermal sensor is provided which overcome the shortcoming of the traditional methods, has some properties such as contactless, simple construction and low cost. It’s able to precaution in finite time to prevent the electrical fire. The paper presents the detail about the procedure of the design for the intelligent precaution system from both hardware and software aspects.
The hardware design part introduces the selection of infrared thermal sensor and the design scheme of signal conditioning, single chip and RS-485 network circuit. The main contention is as follows: the hardware design of the MSP430F149 and peripheral circuit; the standard of RS-485 and the design of master-slave network with RS-485 communication protocols; the major EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) source is analysized, and the methods of enhance the dependability and reduce EMI are improved.
The software design part introduces the design of lower machine, RS-485 network and upper machine. The main contention is as follows: the achievement process of the main program and sub-program of the lower machine; the principle and application of RS-485 serial communication; the construction of soft of host with Delphi and the achievement process of serial communication, data real-time display and databases. In the last, the different kinds of interfere effectors affected the measurement result of infrared sensor and the temperature correction method to enhance the precision of temperature measurement are introduced. And prospect for study in infrared sensing in future is present.
引文
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[2]司戈.我国建筑电气火灾的现状、问题和防控对策[J].电气工程应用,2008,(4):40-43.
[3]机电之家.南宁市矿务局二塘煤矿“2002.10.29”特大电气火灾事故[OL].2007.6.21[2010-1-30].http://anquan.jdzj.com/article/2007-6/12464-1.htm.
[4]公安部网站.今年前三季度全国火灾情况统计[OL]. 2009.10.12 [2010-1-30].http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n1282/n3553/2069927.html.
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[10]高巍.电气系统导线接触不良相关问题探讨[J].中国集体经济,2009,(9):176.
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[24]王小华,荣命哲,白凡,等.一种高压开关电器设备温升状态在线监测用传感装置:中国,200810232421.1[P. 2008-11-25[2010-01-31].
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[29]雷胜.在线式红外辐射温度计的研制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2003:11-17.
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[31] A.Safaai-Jazi, S.I.Najafi. Optical fiber and application[J]. Optics & Laser Technology. 2001, 33: 279-283.
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[33]张艳,田竞,叶逢春.基于红外传感器的高压开关柜实时监测网络的研制[J].高压电器,2005,41(2):91-94.
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[36]钱讳.基于红外传感器的开关柜温度在线实时监测系统设计[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009:18-28.
[37]王建新,任勇峰,焦新泉.仪表放大器AD623在数采系统中的应用[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2007,23(3-1):169-170.
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[2]司戈.我国建筑电气火灾的现状、问题和防控对策[J].电气工程应用,2008,(4):40-43.
[3]机电之家.南宁市矿务局二塘煤矿“2002.10.29”特大电气火灾事故[OL].2007.6.21[2010-1-30].http://anquan.jdzj.com/article/2007-6/12464-1.htm.
[4]公安部网站.今年前三季度全国火灾情况统计[OL]. 2009.10.12 [2010-1-30].http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n1282/n3553/2069927.html.
[5] Dang C, Chaaban M. Thermal performance modeling of power cable joints[J]. IEE Conference Publication, 1993, 11: 130-134.
[6]张兢,路彦和,雷刚.基于多传感器数据融合的智能火灾预警系统[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,(6):206-212.
[7]欧佩红,唐朝晖.早期火灾报警系统在消防设计中的应用探讨[J].工程建设,2008,40(3):39-41.
[8] Douglas A.Lee, Andrew M.Trotta, William H.King. New technology for preventing residential electrical fires: arc-fault circuit interrupter(AFCls) [J]. Fire Technology, 2000, 36(3): 145-162.
[9] F.E.Baker, R.E.Shepherd. Fire testing of electrical cables and the benefits of fire-retardant paints[J]. Fire Technology, 1971, 7(4): 285-292.
[10]高巍.电气系统导线接触不良相关问题探讨[J].中国集体经济,2009,(9):176.
[11]陈生贵,蔡声镇,苏伟达.高压开关触头温度实时无线监测系统的设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2009,(15):108-111.
[12]廖雪松.高压开关柜在线温度监测系统的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学硕士学位论文,2007:1-4.
[13] M.Omar, K.Kuwana, K.Saito, et al. The use of infrared thermograph technique to investigate welding related industrial fires[J]. Fire Technology, 2007, 43: 319-329.
[14]孙帅,杨星.红外热像在线测温系统的设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2009,(20):212-215.
[15]常胜,李伟良.分布式光纤温度传感检测技术及其应用[J].广东电力,2002,15(4):36-38.
[16]金振东,许箴,金峰.国内高压带电设备测温方式综述及分析[J].电力设备,2007,8(12):57-61.
[17] Wook Jae Yoo, Bongsoo Lee, Dong Hyun Cho. Noncontact temperature sensor using an infrared optical fiber for medical usages [J]. IFMBE Proceedings, 2006, 14: 1331-1333.
[18] Mitsunori SAITO, Katsuhiro KIKUCHI. Infrared optical fiber sensors[J]. Optical Reciew, 1997, 4(5): 527-538.
[19]周芸,杨奖利.基于分布式光纤温度传感器的高压电力电缆温度在线监测系统[J].高压电器,2009,45(4):74-76.
[20] N.Homy. FPA camera standardization[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2003, (44): 109-119.
[21] A.Agoston OVE, C.Schneidhofer, N.Dorr. A concept of an infrared sensor system for oil condition monitoring[J]. Elektrotechnik & Information-stechnik, 2008, 125(3): 71-75.
[22] Antoni Rogslski. Infrared detectors: an overview [J]. Infrared Physics & Technology. 2002, (43): 187-210.
[23]孙正来.高压开关柜温度在线监测技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007:1-2.
[24]王小华,荣命哲,白凡,等.一种高压开关电器设备温升状态在线监测用传感装置:中国,200810232421.1[P. 2008-11-25[2010-01-31].
[25]穆园圆.新型高压箱柜热点温度红外监测与预警系统的设计[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2009:1-3.
[26] D R Crow. High-Fidelity Phenomenology Modeling of lnfrared emissions from Missile and Aircraft[J]. Exhaust Plumes(A), SPIE, 1996, 2741: 242-250.
[27]邢向华.非制冷红外热成像测温技术与系统研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003:1-4.
[28]吉隆光电仪器有限责任公司网站.公司简介[OL]. [2010-1-30]. http://www.jlgdyq.com/Simplified/About.asp.
[29]雷胜.在线式红外辐射温度计的研制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2003:11-17.
[30]张建奇,方小平.红外物理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:54-63.
[31] A.Safaai-Jazi, S.I.Najafi. Optical fiber and application[J]. Optics & Laser Technology. 2001, 33: 279-283.
[32]郑国良.热电堆传感器及其应用[J].传感器技术,1992,(2):27-30.
[33]张艳,田竞,叶逢春.基于红外传感器的高压开关柜实时监测网络的研制[J].高压电器,2005,41(2):91-94.
[34]吉隆光电仪器有限责任公司网站.探测器[OL]. 2007-7-9[2010-1-30]. http://www.jlgdyq.com/Simplified/ProductView.asp?ID=51&SortID=14.
[35]孙剑.高压开关柜触点超温在线监测仪设计[D].北京:北京化工大学硕士学位论文,2008:19-21.
[36]钱讳.基于红外传感器的开关柜温度在线实时监测系统设计[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009:18-28.
[37]王建新,任勇峰,焦新泉.仪表放大器AD623在数采系统中的应用[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2007,23(3-1):169-170.
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