抽油井动态注胶式光杆密封装置的研制
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摘要
由于抽油机制造、安装误差及抽油机受力变形、地基下沉等原因使光杆轴线与井口装置抽线间形成固定偏移及随机偏移,造成井口密封装置严重偏磨。综合考虑抽油机常规光杆密封装置存在的不能中心调偏、密封圈更换不便、防喷系统结构复杂等问题,提出了一种新型密封装置的设计方案。设计制造了抽油井动态注胶密封装置,使光杆轴线与井口密封装置轴线随动对中,基本解决了密封装置偏磨问题。
论文首先对克拉玛依油田井口现有条件进行了简要介绍,确定了抽油井动态注胶光杆密封装置基本参数,设计与选择了抽油井动态注胶光杆密封装置中元件,随后根据油井密封性能相关的关键参数,分析构建了包括注胶密封容器、随动机构、注胶枪等在内的系统硬件方案;利用ANSYS10.0建立了注胶密封容器和U型氟橡胶密封圈有限元模型、定义材料参数和边界条件、划分单元网格、分析计算并求解、打印输出分析结果并绘制应力应变云图,分析出元件应力变形危险点;然后在实验室进行了密封仓密封承压实验,又以克拉玛依油田六-九作业区的12067和42371两口抽油机井为研究对象进行了地面现场试验,对试验结果进行了分析,现场使用情况和有限元分析应力危险点基本吻合,需从根本上增加危险点处的设计强度。
研究表明,论文设计的新型密封装置及其密封材料的性能和特点适合在稠油热采井井口使用,改善了传统井口光杆密封需停机频繁更换橡胶密封装置的工艺技术缺点,纠正了井场稠油热采工艺中光杆与井口密封装置不对中、偏磨形成缝隙跑油污染工业环境等现象。延长了密封圈的使用时间,节约了密封装置材料,降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了抽油生产时率,增加原油产量,减少摩阻,降低能耗,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益,具有推广应用价值。
The fixed displacement and random displacement between rod axis and wellhead unit axis occur because of the manufacturing and installing errors of pumping unit, the deforming due to load, and the foundation settlement etc. This makes stuffing box worn on one side seriously. Aimed at the disadvantages of the polished rod sealing device of beam pumping units ( such of that it has not adjusting function with one heart, is not convenient for the replacing of the sealing rings, and has complicated avoid-ejecting structure), a new sealing device was presented. This kind of dynamic sealing device of pumping units by injecting colloid, it enables the rod axis to be concentric with the axis of sealing units. This device solves the problem of over-wearing of stuffing box on one side. The new device overcomes the disadvantages, prolongs the life time of sealing device.
Firstly, this thesis introduced the present situation of oilfield of Kelamayi oilfield briefly. Then, the basic parameter of the sealing device was confirmed, at the same time the components of the device was designed and chosen. Accordingly, the scheme of system's hardware was analyzed. And the sealing device、the model of U-type、the parameter of defining material were simulated in computer with the software of ANSYS10.0. Then the experiment of press-undertake was carried through in laboratory. And the local experiment was carried through and analyzed with the two oil-wells of 12076 and 42371 in 6-9 working area in Kelamayi oilfield.
This research shows that the performance and characteristics of this new stuffing box and sealing material are fit for the mouth of the well of dense-oil hot-picking perfectly. And the traditional craftwork and technique are changed. The phenomenon such as unadjusting function with one heart、stuffing box wearing on one side、polluting of leaking oil are corrected thoroughly. One-off sealing material corrects the abuse of replacing stuffing box frequently and improves the production effectively with reducing cost. So, it is safe to say that the research has preferable benefits both on economic and society, and is worth extending.
论文首先对克拉玛依油田井口现有条件进行了简要介绍,确定了抽油井动态注胶光杆密封装置基本参数,设计与选择了抽油井动态注胶光杆密封装置中元件,随后根据油井密封性能相关的关键参数,分析构建了包括注胶密封容器、随动机构、注胶枪等在内的系统硬件方案;利用ANSYS10.0建立了注胶密封容器和U型氟橡胶密封圈有限元模型、定义材料参数和边界条件、划分单元网格、分析计算并求解、打印输出分析结果并绘制应力应变云图,分析出元件应力变形危险点;然后在实验室进行了密封仓密封承压实验,又以克拉玛依油田六-九作业区的12067和42371两口抽油机井为研究对象进行了地面现场试验,对试验结果进行了分析,现场使用情况和有限元分析应力危险点基本吻合,需从根本上增加危险点处的设计强度。
研究表明,论文设计的新型密封装置及其密封材料的性能和特点适合在稠油热采井井口使用,改善了传统井口光杆密封需停机频繁更换橡胶密封装置的工艺技术缺点,纠正了井场稠油热采工艺中光杆与井口密封装置不对中、偏磨形成缝隙跑油污染工业环境等现象。延长了密封圈的使用时间,节约了密封装置材料,降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了抽油生产时率,增加原油产量,减少摩阻,降低能耗,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益,具有推广应用价值。
The fixed displacement and random displacement between rod axis and wellhead unit axis occur because of the manufacturing and installing errors of pumping unit, the deforming due to load, and the foundation settlement etc. This makes stuffing box worn on one side seriously. Aimed at the disadvantages of the polished rod sealing device of beam pumping units ( such of that it has not adjusting function with one heart, is not convenient for the replacing of the sealing rings, and has complicated avoid-ejecting structure), a new sealing device was presented. This kind of dynamic sealing device of pumping units by injecting colloid, it enables the rod axis to be concentric with the axis of sealing units. This device solves the problem of over-wearing of stuffing box on one side. The new device overcomes the disadvantages, prolongs the life time of sealing device.
Firstly, this thesis introduced the present situation of oilfield of Kelamayi oilfield briefly. Then, the basic parameter of the sealing device was confirmed, at the same time the components of the device was designed and chosen. Accordingly, the scheme of system's hardware was analyzed. And the sealing device、the model of U-type、the parameter of defining material were simulated in computer with the software of ANSYS10.0. Then the experiment of press-undertake was carried through in laboratory. And the local experiment was carried through and analyzed with the two oil-wells of 12076 and 42371 in 6-9 working area in Kelamayi oilfield.
This research shows that the performance and characteristics of this new stuffing box and sealing material are fit for the mouth of the well of dense-oil hot-picking perfectly. And the traditional craftwork and technique are changed. The phenomenon such as unadjusting function with one heart、stuffing box wearing on one side、polluting of leaking oil are corrected thoroughly. One-off sealing material corrects the abuse of replacing stuffing box frequently and improves the production effectively with reducing cost. So, it is safe to say that the research has preferable benefits both on economic and society, and is worth extending.
引文
[1]朱君等,无油管有杆泵采油技术研究初探.大庆石油学院学报,2000,21(2);66-70
[2]张晓梅,新型抽油井光杆密封器.石油机械,2002,33(12);54
[3]崔学政等,随动对中抽油井口光杆密封装置的研究与应用,石油矿场机械,2004,33(2);83-84
[4]张立勇,可调偏调斜井口光杆密封的研制.石油机械,2001,29(8);37-38
[5]陈景世,一种新型抽油井口光杆密封器的研制.石油机械,2005,33(1);48
[6]吕军等,抽油机井井口调偏装置.石油机械,2001,29(5);43-44
[7]尚思贤等,稠油热采井口光杆密封装置的研究与应用,特种油气藏,2002,9(5),22-25
[8]查家宁等,Ni-Mo-MoS2自润滑复合材料的摩擦学性能之研究,固体润滑,2006,7(3);162-167
[9]张殿荣等,现代橡胶配方设计,北京;化学工业出版社,2001;
[10]杨清芝等,高分子材料成型加工原理.北京;化学工业出版社,2001.94-95
[11]赵庆远,带压堵漏法兰螺栓受力测试与分析,石油化工设备,2005,27(2);36-38
[12]陈春江等,抽油杆防腐扶正器的研制与应用,石油机械,2001,29(12);41-42
[13]郭文得等,新型活动式双管热采井口装置,石油机械,2002,25(7);23-24
[14]Sun Bao-sheng.the ecological environment problems caused by the exploitation of mineral products and water resource in Xinjiang.china[J].Editors,proc of SPIE vol,2003,4890;780-786.
[15]Chen Zhan-jie.the protecting ecological security is the distinctive theme of development in the west[J].Chinese geology 2000,277(6);36
[16]Zhao Jie.the discussion of environmental geology problems in mine in Xinjiang[J].contributions to geology and mineral resource research,2002,17(4);278-279.
[17]王鸿勋.采油工艺原理.北京;石油工业出版社,1999.51-68
[18]王殿科.抽油杆柱纵向螺旋弯曲对脱扣的影响.石油机械,2003,19(6);20-22
[19]万仁傅等.采油技术手册第四分册--机械采油技术.北京;石油工业出版社,2005.2-19
[20]邬亦炯等.抽油机.北京;石油工业出版社,2004.8-18
[21]王当芳等.复合天轮式长冲程抽油机悬点运动分析.石油机械,2005,20(11);1-5, 14
[22]顾永泉.流体动密封.东营;石油大学出版社,2003.327-347
[23]Soza R L.Use rod-pump database to improve operation.2002;327-347,JPT,1996,48(8);707-708
[24]Clegg J D.Rod pumping selection and design.Petroleum.Engineer,2001,63(7);44-48
[25]Patterson J C.The way to maximuming reduce accident of rod-pumping well defined by test.OGJ,2002,81(22);29-32
[26]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].东营;石油大学出版社,2000
[27]王庆年等.国外某些金属基自润滑复合材料的开发与进展.摩擦学学报,2003,17(1);89-96
[28]刘近朱等.一种自润滑镍基合金显微组织和相结构分析.摩擦学学报,2005,16(3);208-212
[29]牛淑琴等.几种高温自润滑复合材料的研制与性能研究.摩擦学学报,2002,15(4);324-332
[30]邓祖柱.浸渍金属碳石墨的性能和应用.固体润滑,2003,9(4);239-242
[31]王冒成.有限单元法.北京;清华大学出版社,2003
[32]章本照.流体力学数值方法.北京;机械工业出版社,2003;266-269
[33]刘京生.现代设计方法.成都;电子科技大学电子机械系讲义,1999
[34]刘京生.现代设计方法及其应用.成都;电子科技大学机械电子工程学院讲义,1997
[35]黄纯颖.设计方法学.北京;机械工业出版社,2000
[36]徐灏.机械设计手册.北京;机械工业出版社,2001
[37]张鄂.现代设计方法.西安;西安交通大学出版社,2002
[38]闵行等.材料力学.西安;西安交通大学出版社,1999
[39]李景湧.有限元法.北京;北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[40]杜平安.结构有限元分析建模方法.北京;机械工业出版社,2005
[41]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在上的实践.西安;西北工业大学出版社,2002
[42]易日.使用10.0进行静力学分析.北京;北京大学出版社,2003
[2]张晓梅,新型抽油井光杆密封器.石油机械,2002,33(12);54
[3]崔学政等,随动对中抽油井口光杆密封装置的研究与应用,石油矿场机械,2004,33(2);83-84
[4]张立勇,可调偏调斜井口光杆密封的研制.石油机械,2001,29(8);37-38
[5]陈景世,一种新型抽油井口光杆密封器的研制.石油机械,2005,33(1);48
[6]吕军等,抽油机井井口调偏装置.石油机械,2001,29(5);43-44
[7]尚思贤等,稠油热采井口光杆密封装置的研究与应用,特种油气藏,2002,9(5),22-25
[8]查家宁等,Ni-Mo-MoS2自润滑复合材料的摩擦学性能之研究,固体润滑,2006,7(3);162-167
[9]张殿荣等,现代橡胶配方设计,北京;化学工业出版社,2001;
[10]杨清芝等,高分子材料成型加工原理.北京;化学工业出版社,2001.94-95
[11]赵庆远,带压堵漏法兰螺栓受力测试与分析,石油化工设备,2005,27(2);36-38
[12]陈春江等,抽油杆防腐扶正器的研制与应用,石油机械,2001,29(12);41-42
[13]郭文得等,新型活动式双管热采井口装置,石油机械,2002,25(7);23-24
[14]Sun Bao-sheng.the ecological environment problems caused by the exploitation of mineral products and water resource in Xinjiang.china[J].Editors,proc of SPIE vol,2003,4890;780-786.
[15]Chen Zhan-jie.the protecting ecological security is the distinctive theme of development in the west[J].Chinese geology 2000,277(6);36
[16]Zhao Jie.the discussion of environmental geology problems in mine in Xinjiang[J].contributions to geology and mineral resource research,2002,17(4);278-279.
[17]王鸿勋.采油工艺原理.北京;石油工业出版社,1999.51-68
[18]王殿科.抽油杆柱纵向螺旋弯曲对脱扣的影响.石油机械,2003,19(6);20-22
[19]万仁傅等.采油技术手册第四分册--机械采油技术.北京;石油工业出版社,2005.2-19
[20]邬亦炯等.抽油机.北京;石油工业出版社,2004.8-18
[21]王当芳等.复合天轮式长冲程抽油机悬点运动分析.石油机械,2005,20(11);1-5, 14
[22]顾永泉.流体动密封.东营;石油大学出版社,2003.327-347
[23]Soza R L.Use rod-pump database to improve operation.2002;327-347,JPT,1996,48(8);707-708
[24]Clegg J D.Rod pumping selection and design.Petroleum.Engineer,2001,63(7);44-48
[25]Patterson J C.The way to maximuming reduce accident of rod-pumping well defined by test.OGJ,2002,81(22);29-32
[26]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].东营;石油大学出版社,2000
[27]王庆年等.国外某些金属基自润滑复合材料的开发与进展.摩擦学学报,2003,17(1);89-96
[28]刘近朱等.一种自润滑镍基合金显微组织和相结构分析.摩擦学学报,2005,16(3);208-212
[29]牛淑琴等.几种高温自润滑复合材料的研制与性能研究.摩擦学学报,2002,15(4);324-332
[30]邓祖柱.浸渍金属碳石墨的性能和应用.固体润滑,2003,9(4);239-242
[31]王冒成.有限单元法.北京;清华大学出版社,2003
[32]章本照.流体力学数值方法.北京;机械工业出版社,2003;266-269
[33]刘京生.现代设计方法.成都;电子科技大学电子机械系讲义,1999
[34]刘京生.现代设计方法及其应用.成都;电子科技大学机械电子工程学院讲义,1997
[35]黄纯颖.设计方法学.北京;机械工业出版社,2000
[36]徐灏.机械设计手册.北京;机械工业出版社,2001
[37]张鄂.现代设计方法.西安;西安交通大学出版社,2002
[38]闵行等.材料力学.西安;西安交通大学出版社,1999
[39]李景湧.有限元法.北京;北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[40]杜平安.结构有限元分析建模方法.北京;机械工业出版社,2005
[41]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在上的实践.西安;西北工业大学出版社,2002
[42]易日.使用10.0进行静力学分析.北京;北京大学出版社,2003