雅克拉—大涝坝凝析气田完井工艺技术研究
|
摘要
气井完井工程它既是钻井工程的最终一道工序，又是采气工程的开始，对钻井工程和采气工程起着承前起后的重要作用，采气工程非常重要的一个环节。
本文在对雅克拉和大涝坝气田的储层特征认识基础上，对雅克拉和大涝坝气田的直井和水平井完井方法优选、出砂预测以及射孔参数优化及配套完井工艺技术进行全面的研究，开展以下研究工作：
1)采用组合模量法(Mobil公司方法)、E_S×E_B法及声波时差法对雅克拉—大涝坝气田储层的出砂预测；产层在地层应力条件下，岩石强度较高，正常生产时一般不易出砂，但某些小层可能会有少量出砂，建议下割缝筛管或其它防砂管做为防砂措施；
2)对直井和水平井的完井方法进行优选，推荐直井采用油管传输负压射孔一次完井工艺，水平井采用筛管防砂完井工艺技术；
3)气井的高压及腐蚀环境，推荐直井采用，射孔、生产联作永久式封隔器完井管柱；水平井应使用优质耐蚀合金钢(SM13CrM-110)油管及可靠、耐腐蚀井下工具，减少井下作业次数，达到保证安全和保护储层的目的。采用进口10000Psi(69MPa)型井口装置，使用材料为CC级(不锈钢)。
4)根据防腐研究结果：推荐防腐方案为油管及采油树均采用SM13CrM-110不锈钢管材，且与地面流程用绝缘法兰隔开；地面流程使用内涂层油管；封隔器以下套管采用不锈钢套管，油套环空加环空保护液。
5)通过室内实验筛选出修井、压井液配方，应采用无固相盐水聚合物暂堵修井、压井液。
Well completion engineering of gas well is the last procedure of drilling engineering and the beginning of gas recovery, which play a key role in drilling and gas recovery. It's a very important part of gas production.
Based on cognition to reservoir characteristic of Yakala - Dalaoba Field, this article proceed a comprehensive research on well completion method optimizing, sand prediction, perforating parameter optimizing and support well completion technology of vertical well and horizontal well in Yakela- Dalaoba Field. Launch research work as follows:
1) adopt compose module method (Mobil Corporation method), E_s×E_b method and SDT method to predict sand flow of Yakela - Dalaoba, under the condition of reservoir stress, rock strength is upper and it is uneasy for pay formation to sand manufacturing normally, but some sublayer might sand a little. So, suggest lowering slotting sieve tube or other sand control screen as sand control measure;
2) optimize well completion of vertical well and horizontal well, and recommend that vertical well adopts oil tube transporting negative pressure perforating technology and horizontal well adopts sieve tube sand control well completion technology;
3) recommend vertical well adopts perforation and manufacture united permanence packer completion string, under the high pressure and corrosion environment of gas well; horizontal well should use high grade corrosion resistant alloy (SM13CrM-110) oil tube and dependable, corrosion proof down hole equipment to reduce borehole operation to assure security and defend reservoir. Adopt importing lOOOOPsi (69MPa) form flow head whose material reach CC degree(stainless steel)
4) Passing the experiments, filtering the formula of the well workover and control fluid. Non- solid phase salt water polymer is used in well workover and control fluid.
本文在对雅克拉和大涝坝气田的储层特征认识基础上，对雅克拉和大涝坝气田的直井和水平井完井方法优选、出砂预测以及射孔参数优化及配套完井工艺技术进行全面的研究，开展以下研究工作：
1)采用组合模量法(Mobil公司方法)、E_S×E_B法及声波时差法对雅克拉—大涝坝气田储层的出砂预测；产层在地层应力条件下，岩石强度较高，正常生产时一般不易出砂，但某些小层可能会有少量出砂，建议下割缝筛管或其它防砂管做为防砂措施；
2)对直井和水平井的完井方法进行优选，推荐直井采用油管传输负压射孔一次完井工艺，水平井采用筛管防砂完井工艺技术；
3)气井的高压及腐蚀环境，推荐直井采用，射孔、生产联作永久式封隔器完井管柱；水平井应使用优质耐蚀合金钢(SM13CrM-110)油管及可靠、耐腐蚀井下工具，减少井下作业次数，达到保证安全和保护储层的目的。采用进口10000Psi(69MPa)型井口装置，使用材料为CC级(不锈钢)。
4)根据防腐研究结果：推荐防腐方案为油管及采油树均采用SM13CrM-110不锈钢管材，且与地面流程用绝缘法兰隔开；地面流程使用内涂层油管；封隔器以下套管采用不锈钢套管，油套环空加环空保护液。
5)通过室内实验筛选出修井、压井液配方，应采用无固相盐水聚合物暂堵修井、压井液。
Well completion engineering of gas well is the last procedure of drilling engineering and the beginning of gas recovery, which play a key role in drilling and gas recovery. It's a very important part of gas production.
Based on cognition to reservoir characteristic of Yakala - Dalaoba Field, this article proceed a comprehensive research on well completion method optimizing, sand prediction, perforating parameter optimizing and support well completion technology of vertical well and horizontal well in Yakela- Dalaoba Field. Launch research work as follows:
1) adopt compose module method (Mobil Corporation method), E_s×E_b method and SDT method to predict sand flow of Yakela - Dalaoba, under the condition of reservoir stress, rock strength is upper and it is uneasy for pay formation to sand manufacturing normally, but some sublayer might sand a little. So, suggest lowering slotting sieve tube or other sand control screen as sand control measure;
2) optimize well completion of vertical well and horizontal well, and recommend that vertical well adopts oil tube transporting negative pressure perforating technology and horizontal well adopts sieve tube sand control well completion technology;
3) recommend vertical well adopts perforation and manufacture united permanence packer completion string, under the high pressure and corrosion environment of gas well; horizontal well should use high grade corrosion resistant alloy (SM13CrM-110) oil tube and dependable, corrosion proof down hole equipment to reduce borehole operation to assure security and defend reservoir. Adopt importing lOOOOPsi (69MPa) form flow head whose material reach CC degree(stainless steel)
4) Passing the experiments, filtering the formula of the well workover and control fluid. Non- solid phase salt water polymer is used in well workover and control fluid.
引文
[1] H. Kiorholt, H. Joranson, et al , Advanced Sand Prediction in a User Friendly Wrapping, SPE/ISRM47333, 8-10 July 1998: 133-141
[2] D. Okland, B. Plischke et al, Perforation Stability Analysis as a Tool for Predicting Sand Production: Application for the Brage Field, SPE35552, 16-17 April 1996: 167-174
[3] Manabu, Takahiro, et al, Field Application of Multi-Dimensional Diagnosis of Reservoir Rock Stability Against Sanding Problem. SPE64470, 1-4 October 2000.
[4] N. Morita, D. L. W hitfill, et al, Realistic Sand Production Prediction: Numerical Approach, SPE16989, 27-30 September 1987: 547-559.
[5] P. J. van den Hoek, et al, A New Concept of Sand Production Prediction: Theory and Laboratory Experiments, SPE36418, 6-9 October 1996: 19-33.
[6] Veeken, Davies et al, Sand Production Prediction Review: Developing an Integrated Approach, SPE22792, 6-9 October, 1991: 335.344.
[7] N. Mortia, G. F. Fuh et al, Prediction of Sand Problems of a Horizontal Well from Sand Production Histories of Perforated Cased Wells, SPE48975, 27-30 September 1998: 113-119。
[8] Ahsene Bouhroum, Xinghui Liu, and Faruk civan, Predictive Model and Verification for Sand Particulates Migration in Gravel Packs, SPE28534, 25.28 September 1994: 179-189.
[9] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，射孔完井有限元模型的建立及网格划分，《西南石油学院学报》2000，22(2)：46-49
[10] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，二维有限元热流模型在射孔完井中的应用研究，《天然气工业》2000，20(4)：39-53
[11] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，空间有限元法在射孔完井中的应用研究，《油气藏开发工程理论和技术》—第二届“油气藏开发工程”国际学术研讨会论文集，石油工业出版社，2000．9。
[12] Harris, K. C. The Effect of perforating on well Productivity, JPT. April, 1966, pp518~528.
[13] Mcleod, H. O. Jr. The effect of perforating conditions on well performance, JPT, Jan. 1983, pp31~39.
[14] Tariq, S. M. Evaluation of nonlinear effects using finite element method, SPEProd. Eng. May 1987, pp104~l12.
[15] 潘迎德，唐愉拉，射孔岩心靶的流动特性和射孔效率评价标准，石油钻采工艺，1990(3)：1~8
[16] 孙艾菌，冯跃平等，射孔完井电模拟研究，石油钻采工艺，1988(6)：99~107
[17] 唐愉拉，潘迎德，有限元方法在射孔完井中的应用，石油学报，1989(3)：48~58．
[18] 唐愉拉，潘迎德等，气体非大西流射孔完井的有限元数值模拟研究，石油学报，1992(4)：85~96．
[19] 潘迎德，唐愉拉等，使油井产能最高的射孔参数优选，西南石油学院学报，1990(2)：27~36．
[20] 刘希圣，钻井工艺原理—完井工程，石油工业出版社，1994年1月。
[21] 牛超群，张玉金等，油气完井射孔技术，石油工业出版社，1994年4月。
[22] [美]F．P．因克罗普拉等，传热学基础，宇航出版社，1997年7月。
[23] 毛昶熙，渗流计算分析与控制，水利电力出版社，1990年5月。
[24] R．P．莫尼卡德著，测定储集岩性质的岩心分析，石油工业出版社，1987年9月。
[25] A. R. Jennings, Jr. Laboratory Studies of Fines Movement in Gravel Packs, SPE Drilling & Completion, Dec. 1997, pp275~281.
[26] S. K. Cheung, Effects of Acids on Gravels and Proppants, SPE Prod. Eng. May 1988, pp201~204.
[27] 陈瑞宗、陈光海等编，“采油技术手册，第七分册，防砂技术”，石油工业出版社。
[28] 科伯利，C．J．等著，周惟英等译，1985，“防砂”国外完井技术丛书3，石油工业出版社。
[29] 张绍槐、罗平亚等编著，1993，“保护储集层技术”，石油工业出版社。
[30] Pittman, E. D., 1979, "Porosity, Diagenesis and Productive Capability of Sandstone Reservoirs". SEPM26, (P. A. Scholle and P. R. Schuger Eds).
[31] Simon, D. E. and M. S. Anderson, 1990, " Stability of Clay Minerals in Acid", SPE 19422.
[2] D. Okland, B. Plischke et al, Perforation Stability Analysis as a Tool for Predicting Sand Production: Application for the Brage Field, SPE35552, 16-17 April 1996: 167-174
[3] Manabu, Takahiro, et al, Field Application of Multi-Dimensional Diagnosis of Reservoir Rock Stability Against Sanding Problem. SPE64470, 1-4 October 2000.
[4] N. Morita, D. L. W hitfill, et al, Realistic Sand Production Prediction: Numerical Approach, SPE16989, 27-30 September 1987: 547-559.
[5] P. J. van den Hoek, et al, A New Concept of Sand Production Prediction: Theory and Laboratory Experiments, SPE36418, 6-9 October 1996: 19-33.
[6] Veeken, Davies et al, Sand Production Prediction Review: Developing an Integrated Approach, SPE22792, 6-9 October, 1991: 335.344.
[7] N. Mortia, G. F. Fuh et al, Prediction of Sand Problems of a Horizontal Well from Sand Production Histories of Perforated Cased Wells, SPE48975, 27-30 September 1998: 113-119。
[8] Ahsene Bouhroum, Xinghui Liu, and Faruk civan, Predictive Model and Verification for Sand Particulates Migration in Gravel Packs, SPE28534, 25.28 September 1994: 179-189.
[9] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，射孔完井有限元模型的建立及网格划分，《西南石油学院学报》2000，22(2)：46-49
[10] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，二维有限元热流模型在射孔完井中的应用研究，《天然气工业》2000，20(4)：39-53
[11] 练章华，孟英峰，童敏，空间有限元法在射孔完井中的应用研究，《油气藏开发工程理论和技术》—第二届“油气藏开发工程”国际学术研讨会论文集，石油工业出版社，2000．9。
[12] Harris, K. C. The Effect of perforating on well Productivity, JPT. April, 1966, pp518~528.
[13] Mcleod, H. O. Jr. The effect of perforating conditions on well performance, JPT, Jan. 1983, pp31~39.
[14] Tariq, S. M. Evaluation of nonlinear effects using finite element method, SPEProd. Eng. May 1987, pp104~l12.
[15] 潘迎德，唐愉拉，射孔岩心靶的流动特性和射孔效率评价标准，石油钻采工艺，1990(3)：1~8
[16] 孙艾菌，冯跃平等，射孔完井电模拟研究，石油钻采工艺，1988(6)：99~107
[17] 唐愉拉，潘迎德，有限元方法在射孔完井中的应用，石油学报，1989(3)：48~58．
[18] 唐愉拉，潘迎德等，气体非大西流射孔完井的有限元数值模拟研究，石油学报，1992(4)：85~96．
[19] 潘迎德，唐愉拉等，使油井产能最高的射孔参数优选，西南石油学院学报，1990(2)：27~36．
[20] 刘希圣，钻井工艺原理—完井工程，石油工业出版社，1994年1月。
[21] 牛超群，张玉金等，油气完井射孔技术，石油工业出版社，1994年4月。
[22] [美]F．P．因克罗普拉等，传热学基础，宇航出版社，1997年7月。
[23] 毛昶熙，渗流计算分析与控制，水利电力出版社，1990年5月。
[24] R．P．莫尼卡德著，测定储集岩性质的岩心分析，石油工业出版社，1987年9月。
[25] A. R. Jennings, Jr. Laboratory Studies of Fines Movement in Gravel Packs, SPE Drilling & Completion, Dec. 1997, pp275~281.
[26] S. K. Cheung, Effects of Acids on Gravels and Proppants, SPE Prod. Eng. May 1988, pp201~204.
[27] 陈瑞宗、陈光海等编，“采油技术手册，第七分册，防砂技术”，石油工业出版社。
[28] 科伯利，C．J．等著，周惟英等译，1985，“防砂”国外完井技术丛书3，石油工业出版社。
[29] 张绍槐、罗平亚等编著，1993，“保护储集层技术”，石油工业出版社。
[30] Pittman, E. D., 1979, "Porosity, Diagenesis and Productive Capability of Sandstone Reservoirs". SEPM26, (P. A. Scholle and P. R. Schuger Eds).
[31] Simon, D. E. and M. S. Anderson, 1990, " Stability of Clay Minerals in Acid", SPE 19422.