人力资本空间布局策略优选模型及应用研究
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摘要
自上世纪90年代以来,世界经济逐渐向知识经济转移,人力资本成为了经济增长中最重要的资源,无论是国家还是企业都在为人才的成长创造良好的环境。人力资本作为企业生存发展的命脉和国家经济发展的核心力量,其空间布局状况直接关系到组织绩效、组织创新能力和国家在全球竞争中的实力及地位。人力资本空间布局是人力资本在区域、产业、行业(部门)等空间单元中的分布格局。伴随着体制结构转型、经济快速增长,人力资本空间分布呈现出明显的非均衡性。同时,这种非均衡性又反过来作用于地区间经济的平衡发展,产业结构的调整优化和升级,并影响着各个地区的社会进步和文化形成。如何加快缩小人力资本空间布局的非均衡性状况,提高人力资本空间布局的合理化程度,使其在整体上朝着良性的方向发展,已经成为人力资源领域专家学者关注的一个重要研究课题。
人力资本空间布局策略的优选,是缩小人力资本空间布局非均衡性的前提和基础。由于人力资本空间布局影响因素较多,且关系复杂,因此对人力资本空间布局策略进行优选是一项艰苦和复杂的系统工程。目前对于这一复杂问题的研究还处于经验认知阶段,主观性和随意性较大,难以满足对策略系统评价和科学决策的要求。为解决上述问题,本文基于人力资本理论、复杂系统理论、ANP-BOCR理论、DEMATEL理论,通过对我国人力资本空间布局特征的分析,提出了人力资本空间布局影响因素指标体系。在此基础上,基于现有相关文献对于人力资本空间布局策略的描述,引入综合集成法构建了布局策略体系。然后将人力资本空间布局影响因素指标分解为人力资本收益、机会、成本和风险四个方面,据此构建基于ANP-BOCR立体网络结构的布局策略优选模型。
随着经济的快速发展,社会文化的日益丰富,影响人力资本空间布局的因素会越来越多,布局策略会日益复杂。希望通过本论文的研究,为政府部门、企事业单位对人力资本进行科学合理的布局提供理论指导和有益借鉴。
党的十八大提出“加快确立人才优先发展战略布局,造就规模宏大、素质优良的人才队伍,推动我国由人才大国迈向人才强国。”也就是说,加快转变经济发展方式,推进经济结构战略性调整的核心问题就是人力资本空间布局结构如何与快速变革的要求相适应。因此,本文对人力资本空间布局策略优选问题进行研究具有非常重要的现实意义。
在全面分析国内外有关于人力资本空间布局研究成果的基础上,本文依托导师承担的教育部人文社科项目《欠发达地区人力资本空间网络结构布局优化研究——以云南省人力资本结构优化为例》,开展了人力资本空间布局策略模型构建及其应用研究。
本文主要的研究内容如下：
(1)构建了人力资本空间布局影响因素指标体系。人力资本空间布局影响因素众多,若对所有影响因素开展全面控制在理论上虽然不失为一种有效的管理策略,但就实际情况而言却会因其中存在“二八定律”现象而造成人力资源和管理资源的极大浪费。为此,论文按照“抓住主要矛盾、忽略次要矛盾”的原则,结合能集成群组专家意见的DEMATEL改进方法来简化人力资本空间布局影响要素指标。
(2)根据综合集成方法识别人力资本空间布局策略。首先探讨了人力资本空间布局策略及其识别的复杂性；在此基础上,将综合集成方法引入到人力资本空间布局策略识别问题的研究中,提出了人力资本空间布局策略的综合集成识别框架；最后,运用此框架,结合调查数据,构建了人力资本空间布局策略体系。
(3)构建人力资本空间布局策略优选模型。为了把复杂问题系统化,我们以人力资本收益、机会、成本和风险(BOCR)表示人力资本空间布局的影响因素。考虑到BOCR因素之间相互关联的系统性特征,基于ANP方法,从收益(B)、机会(O)、成本(C)和风险(R)四个维度构建了具有空间立体结构关系特征的人力资本空间布局策略ANP-BOCR立体网络结构,在此基础上基于ANP-BOCR方法提出了人力资本空间布局策略优选模型。
(4)为验证人力资本空间布局策略优选模型的科学有效性与应用可行性,基于人力资本空间布局影响因素和布局策略识别体系,对云南省人力资本空间布局策略优选进行案例分析。结果表明,该方法是科学可行的,有着较强的实际应用可操作性。
Since90's in last century, with the arrival of knowledge economy era, human capital becomes the most important resource on economic growth. Both nation and enterprises begin to create favorable development conditions of talents. Human capital not only considered as the pillar of enterprise survival capital, but also be seen as the key force of national economic development. Moreover, the spatial layout of human capital has a direct impact on organizational performance, organizational innovation capability and the position in the global competition of the nation. The human capital's spatial layout means the layout pattern of human capital in region, industry and trade (department). With the system restructuring and the rapid economic growth, the spatial layout of human capital becomes an inevitable result, which acts on balanced development of local economy, the adjustment and evolvement of industry structure, and influences many areas' social progress and cultural formation. Thus, in order to reduce the balanced layout of human capital, raise reasonable degree and make sure healthy economic growth. It has become an issue of all governments and academic researches concern.
The strategy optimization of human capital's spatial layout is the prerequisite and basis for reducing the imbalanced of human capital spatial layout. There are many factors on human capital spatial layout, which have a complex relationship, so the strategy optimization of human capital spatial layout is an arduous and complex systems task. At present, the research about above problem has been experience cognition stage, which has greater subjective and arbitrary, so it can not satisfy the requirement of comprehensive evaluation and scientific decision to the strategy. To resolve the above problems, based on the theories of human capital, complex system, ANP-BOCR and DEMATEL, this paper analyzes the characteristic of human capital spatial layout, builds an index system of influence factors. On this basis, this paper proposes comprehensive integrated method to build the layout strategy system. Then, the index system breaks up four respects, includes human capital benefit, human capital opportunity, human capital cost and human capital risk, and constructs the strategy optimization model based on spatial network for ANP-BOCR.
With the rapid economic growth and rich social culture, there are more and more influence factors, more and more complicated layout strategies, hope through the study of this paper, provides a theoretic guide and useful references for layout of human capital in the government, enterprises and institutions.
The18th congress of CPC advocates'we will accelerate the establishment of a priority to the development of talent strategy and strive to development a large number of high-caliber personnel.'In other words, the key problem of changing the way of speeding up the economic development and promoting economic restructuring lies on the human capital spatial layout structure and how to fit with the rapid change of requests. Therefore, the research on human capital spatial layout has important realistic meaning.
Based on comprehensive analysis and summarizes the research achievement of human capital spatial layout, this paper relies on the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Sciences project'A research on layout optimization of human capital spatial network structure in undeveloped areas-take Yunnan human capital structure optimization for example'to research the strategy optimization model building of the spatial layout and application.
The main content of this paper include:
(1) Constructing the factors index system of human capital spatial layout. There are lots of influence factors, and it is a quality assurance strategy theoretically to administrate all of influence factors, however the human resource and management resources will be wasted from the viewpoint of "20%-80%" management theorem. Thus, according to the principle of grasping the primary and ignoring secondary contradictions, this paper carries out the scientific rationality evaluation with an improved group DEMATEL method to integrate group expert opinion.
(2) Identifying human capital spatial layout strategy based on comprehensive integrated method. In this paper, it firstly analyzes the complexity of layout strategy and strategy identification. Based on the above, it introduces comprehensive integrated method to research strategy identification and propose comprehensive integrated framework for strategy identification. Lastly, it constructs human capital spatial layout strategy system with the framework and survey data.
(3) Constructing the strategy optimization model of human capital spatial layout. To systematize the complex problems, this paper uses human capital benefit, opportunity, cost and risk to represent the influence factors of human capital spatial layout. Considering the systematical characteristic between these factors, this paper suggests a construction method for spatial network of ANP-BOCR method to construct the network structure of human capital spatial layout strategy. On the basis of which, proposes the strategy optimization model of human capital spatial layout.
(4) In order to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed strategy optimization model, and based on influence factors and strategy identification system of human capital spatial layout, researching on the spatial layout of human capital in Yunnan province. All results show the proposed strategy optimization model is scientific, efficient, and well applicable.
人力资本空间布局策略的优选,是缩小人力资本空间布局非均衡性的前提和基础。由于人力资本空间布局影响因素较多,且关系复杂,因此对人力资本空间布局策略进行优选是一项艰苦和复杂的系统工程。目前对于这一复杂问题的研究还处于经验认知阶段,主观性和随意性较大,难以满足对策略系统评价和科学决策的要求。为解决上述问题,本文基于人力资本理论、复杂系统理论、ANP-BOCR理论、DEMATEL理论,通过对我国人力资本空间布局特征的分析,提出了人力资本空间布局影响因素指标体系。在此基础上,基于现有相关文献对于人力资本空间布局策略的描述,引入综合集成法构建了布局策略体系。然后将人力资本空间布局影响因素指标分解为人力资本收益、机会、成本和风险四个方面,据此构建基于ANP-BOCR立体网络结构的布局策略优选模型。
随着经济的快速发展,社会文化的日益丰富,影响人力资本空间布局的因素会越来越多,布局策略会日益复杂。希望通过本论文的研究,为政府部门、企事业单位对人力资本进行科学合理的布局提供理论指导和有益借鉴。
党的十八大提出“加快确立人才优先发展战略布局,造就规模宏大、素质优良的人才队伍,推动我国由人才大国迈向人才强国。”也就是说,加快转变经济发展方式,推进经济结构战略性调整的核心问题就是人力资本空间布局结构如何与快速变革的要求相适应。因此,本文对人力资本空间布局策略优选问题进行研究具有非常重要的现实意义。
在全面分析国内外有关于人力资本空间布局研究成果的基础上,本文依托导师承担的教育部人文社科项目《欠发达地区人力资本空间网络结构布局优化研究——以云南省人力资本结构优化为例》,开展了人力资本空间布局策略模型构建及其应用研究。
本文主要的研究内容如下：
(1)构建了人力资本空间布局影响因素指标体系。人力资本空间布局影响因素众多,若对所有影响因素开展全面控制在理论上虽然不失为一种有效的管理策略,但就实际情况而言却会因其中存在“二八定律”现象而造成人力资源和管理资源的极大浪费。为此,论文按照“抓住主要矛盾、忽略次要矛盾”的原则,结合能集成群组专家意见的DEMATEL改进方法来简化人力资本空间布局影响要素指标。
(2)根据综合集成方法识别人力资本空间布局策略。首先探讨了人力资本空间布局策略及其识别的复杂性；在此基础上,将综合集成方法引入到人力资本空间布局策略识别问题的研究中,提出了人力资本空间布局策略的综合集成识别框架；最后,运用此框架,结合调查数据,构建了人力资本空间布局策略体系。
(3)构建人力资本空间布局策略优选模型。为了把复杂问题系统化,我们以人力资本收益、机会、成本和风险(BOCR)表示人力资本空间布局的影响因素。考虑到BOCR因素之间相互关联的系统性特征,基于ANP方法,从收益(B)、机会(O)、成本(C)和风险(R)四个维度构建了具有空间立体结构关系特征的人力资本空间布局策略ANP-BOCR立体网络结构,在此基础上基于ANP-BOCR方法提出了人力资本空间布局策略优选模型。
(4)为验证人力资本空间布局策略优选模型的科学有效性与应用可行性,基于人力资本空间布局影响因素和布局策略识别体系,对云南省人力资本空间布局策略优选进行案例分析。结果表明,该方法是科学可行的,有着较强的实际应用可操作性。
Since90's in last century, with the arrival of knowledge economy era, human capital becomes the most important resource on economic growth. Both nation and enterprises begin to create favorable development conditions of talents. Human capital not only considered as the pillar of enterprise survival capital, but also be seen as the key force of national economic development. Moreover, the spatial layout of human capital has a direct impact on organizational performance, organizational innovation capability and the position in the global competition of the nation. The human capital's spatial layout means the layout pattern of human capital in region, industry and trade (department). With the system restructuring and the rapid economic growth, the spatial layout of human capital becomes an inevitable result, which acts on balanced development of local economy, the adjustment and evolvement of industry structure, and influences many areas' social progress and cultural formation. Thus, in order to reduce the balanced layout of human capital, raise reasonable degree and make sure healthy economic growth. It has become an issue of all governments and academic researches concern.
The strategy optimization of human capital's spatial layout is the prerequisite and basis for reducing the imbalanced of human capital spatial layout. There are many factors on human capital spatial layout, which have a complex relationship, so the strategy optimization of human capital spatial layout is an arduous and complex systems task. At present, the research about above problem has been experience cognition stage, which has greater subjective and arbitrary, so it can not satisfy the requirement of comprehensive evaluation and scientific decision to the strategy. To resolve the above problems, based on the theories of human capital, complex system, ANP-BOCR and DEMATEL, this paper analyzes the characteristic of human capital spatial layout, builds an index system of influence factors. On this basis, this paper proposes comprehensive integrated method to build the layout strategy system. Then, the index system breaks up four respects, includes human capital benefit, human capital opportunity, human capital cost and human capital risk, and constructs the strategy optimization model based on spatial network for ANP-BOCR.
With the rapid economic growth and rich social culture, there are more and more influence factors, more and more complicated layout strategies, hope through the study of this paper, provides a theoretic guide and useful references for layout of human capital in the government, enterprises and institutions.
The18th congress of CPC advocates'we will accelerate the establishment of a priority to the development of talent strategy and strive to development a large number of high-caliber personnel.'In other words, the key problem of changing the way of speeding up the economic development and promoting economic restructuring lies on the human capital spatial layout structure and how to fit with the rapid change of requests. Therefore, the research on human capital spatial layout has important realistic meaning.
Based on comprehensive analysis and summarizes the research achievement of human capital spatial layout, this paper relies on the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Sciences project'A research on layout optimization of human capital spatial network structure in undeveloped areas-take Yunnan human capital structure optimization for example'to research the strategy optimization model building of the spatial layout and application.
The main content of this paper include:
(1) Constructing the factors index system of human capital spatial layout. There are lots of influence factors, and it is a quality assurance strategy theoretically to administrate all of influence factors, however the human resource and management resources will be wasted from the viewpoint of "20%-80%" management theorem. Thus, according to the principle of grasping the primary and ignoring secondary contradictions, this paper carries out the scientific rationality evaluation with an improved group DEMATEL method to integrate group expert opinion.
(2) Identifying human capital spatial layout strategy based on comprehensive integrated method. In this paper, it firstly analyzes the complexity of layout strategy and strategy identification. Based on the above, it introduces comprehensive integrated method to research strategy identification and propose comprehensive integrated framework for strategy identification. Lastly, it constructs human capital spatial layout strategy system with the framework and survey data.
(3) Constructing the strategy optimization model of human capital spatial layout. To systematize the complex problems, this paper uses human capital benefit, opportunity, cost and risk to represent the influence factors of human capital spatial layout. Considering the systematical characteristic between these factors, this paper suggests a construction method for spatial network of ANP-BOCR method to construct the network structure of human capital spatial layout strategy. On the basis of which, proposes the strategy optimization model of human capital spatial layout.
(4) In order to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed strategy optimization model, and based on influence factors and strategy identification system of human capital spatial layout, researching on the spatial layout of human capital in Yunnan province. All results show the proposed strategy optimization model is scientific, efficient, and well applicable.
引文
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