滑坡实时监测报警系统测量终端研究
|
摘要
滑坡是地质灾害中最为严重的一类。滑坡监测就是通过各种手段来预测滑坡的趋势，对滑坡进行预警，为滑坡治理提供依据和评价。滑坡监测包括位移动态观测和水动态观测两个方面。目前我国用于滑坡监测的方法主要还是一些传统的监测方法，普遍存在自动化程度低、效率不高的问题，也有些采用高精度的测量仪，但其价格昂贵，不适合在野外现场进行长期的观测，不利于推广普及。
作者参加了四川省科委项目“铁路护坡突发灾害自动预警系统研究”，该项目的目标就是针对目前国内滑坡监测的现状，开发一套滑坡实时监测报警系统。该系统低成本；自动化；采用GPS静态差分定位技术对滑坡位移进行动态观测，采用崩塌传感器对突发崩塌进行检测和报警。滑坡实时监测报警系统包括监测中心和测量终端两部分。作者完成了测量终端的研制，并在此基础上完成了本论文。
滑坡实时监测报警系统测量终端为监测中心提供GPS观测数据供后者完成差分解算，并检测监测点附近区域的崩塌，对监测中心实时报警。每一个终端包括GPS接收模块、无线通信模块、崩塌传感器模块、电源模块以及主控模块。GPS接收模块采用了多台廉价的单频GPS接收机，配合监测中心解算软件，实现了对滑坡位移水平±8mm精度，垂直±9mm精度的监测。崩塌传感器模块由多路串连的崩塌传感器组成，对崩塌进行检测。无线通信模块采用了GSM模块，应用GSM中的短消息和9600bps异步通信结合的通信方式构建终端与监测中心之间可靠、实时的无线通信连接。终端采用了太阳能电池板+锂离子电池包的供电方案，解决了在没有市电的野外终端的供电问题。DC／DC转换采用了高效率、低噪声的DC／DC变换电路满足各模块的电压和电流需要；终端采用了隔离DC／DC模块为崩塌传感器提供电源，防止雷击对终端其它模块的影响。主控模块对上述各模块进行检测和控制，包括主控单片机和与各模块的接口电路。单片机选用了一款先进的SOC芯片：C8051F023。利用该芯片丰富的资源和高速性能实现了所需功能。接口电路提供了单片机同上述模块之间的连接。包括两个串口分别与GPS和GSM模块相连，光电耦合接口同崩塌传感器相连，A／D模拟输入。接口同电池包相连。另外还包括GSM的开机电路，指示电路，与PC相连接的串口等等。单片机软件选择了C51语言进行设计，包括GPS观测、崩塌传感器报警、异步通信和短消息、时钟管理等模块。
在完成终端的研制后，对仪器的性能进行了检测。并对江西省昌金高速公路滑坡进行了监测，取得了良好的效果。
经研究和实地观测证明，本论文所设计的滑坡实时监测报警系统测量终端，在理论上是正确的，在实践上是可行的。
Landslide is one of the most serious geological disasters. Using all kinds of methods landslide monitoring is to forecast the trend of landslide. Landslide father depends on it. Landslide monitoring includes displacement trend monitoring and water trend monitoring. By now, the main methods used in landslide monitoring in China are still some traditional ways, less automatic and inefficient. Although a few instruments were used previously, they were all too expensive to work in field timelessly.
The author took part in the research project Research on System of Auto-alarm to Emergent Landslides in Railway's Counterforts assigned by Science and Technology committee of Sichuan Province. According to the actuality of domestic landslides monitoring, the project aims at a set of Real-time Landslides Monitoring and Alarm System(RLMAS), which features low cost, automation, adopting static GPS difference position technology to monitoring the displacement of landslides and using mini dilapidation detector to find emergent dilapidation and alarm. The RLMAS is made up of two parts: monitoring center(MC) and monitoring terminals(MTs). This paper is based on the development of MT by the author.
The MT provides GPS data for MC, which then issues difference calculating with the data. Also the MT raises the real-time alarm to MC when emergent dilapidation happens in the area nearby the monitoring points. Each MT is made up of five modules: GPS receiver, wireless communication, dilapidation detector, power and control. GPS receiver module is cheap single-frequency GPS receiver. The position precision, 1cm in horizontality and 2cm in verticality, is gained by the GPS net of several MTs' GPS receiver modules with calculating software of the MC. Dilapidation detector module, which detects dilapidation, is formed with multiplex channel of dilapidation detectors in series. GSM module is used, combining SMS with 9600bps Asynchronous Communication, to establish a connect between the MC and MTs, reliable and real-time. The MTs are powered by solar panel and Li-Ion chargeable batteries in remote areas having no AC supply. DC/DC transfer, high efficient and less noise, meet the different voltage and current need by each module. The MTs use isolated DC/DC module to provide power for dilapidation detectors, avoiding lightning strike. The control module includes a SOC chip: C8051F023, and interface circuit between C8051F023 and every module. C8051F023 features high speed and abundance inside resources, which meet the need of the MT. The interface circuit includes two UARTs to GSM and GPS module, photoelectricity coupling interface to dilapidation detectors, A/D inputs to batteries voltage. There are also the power-on circuit for GSM module, indication circuit, the UART to PC, etc. The MCU program , written with C51 language, include GPS position, alarm of dilapidation, Asynchronous Communication and SMS, clock management, etc.
After development, the MTs' capability had been tested. Then the MTs are used in JiangXi province to monitoring the landslide on ChangJin express road. The effect is good.
It is proved , by research and experimentation, that the design of terminal is correct in theory and doable in practice.
作者参加了四川省科委项目“铁路护坡突发灾害自动预警系统研究”，该项目的目标就是针对目前国内滑坡监测的现状，开发一套滑坡实时监测报警系统。该系统低成本；自动化；采用GPS静态差分定位技术对滑坡位移进行动态观测，采用崩塌传感器对突发崩塌进行检测和报警。滑坡实时监测报警系统包括监测中心和测量终端两部分。作者完成了测量终端的研制，并在此基础上完成了本论文。
滑坡实时监测报警系统测量终端为监测中心提供GPS观测数据供后者完成差分解算，并检测监测点附近区域的崩塌，对监测中心实时报警。每一个终端包括GPS接收模块、无线通信模块、崩塌传感器模块、电源模块以及主控模块。GPS接收模块采用了多台廉价的单频GPS接收机，配合监测中心解算软件，实现了对滑坡位移水平±8mm精度，垂直±9mm精度的监测。崩塌传感器模块由多路串连的崩塌传感器组成，对崩塌进行检测。无线通信模块采用了GSM模块，应用GSM中的短消息和9600bps异步通信结合的通信方式构建终端与监测中心之间可靠、实时的无线通信连接。终端采用了太阳能电池板+锂离子电池包的供电方案，解决了在没有市电的野外终端的供电问题。DC／DC转换采用了高效率、低噪声的DC／DC变换电路满足各模块的电压和电流需要；终端采用了隔离DC／DC模块为崩塌传感器提供电源，防止雷击对终端其它模块的影响。主控模块对上述各模块进行检测和控制，包括主控单片机和与各模块的接口电路。单片机选用了一款先进的SOC芯片：C8051F023。利用该芯片丰富的资源和高速性能实现了所需功能。接口电路提供了单片机同上述模块之间的连接。包括两个串口分别与GPS和GSM模块相连，光电耦合接口同崩塌传感器相连，A／D模拟输入。接口同电池包相连。另外还包括GSM的开机电路，指示电路，与PC相连接的串口等等。单片机软件选择了C51语言进行设计，包括GPS观测、崩塌传感器报警、异步通信和短消息、时钟管理等模块。
在完成终端的研制后，对仪器的性能进行了检测。并对江西省昌金高速公路滑坡进行了监测，取得了良好的效果。
经研究和实地观测证明，本论文所设计的滑坡实时监测报警系统测量终端，在理论上是正确的，在实践上是可行的。
Landslide is one of the most serious geological disasters. Using all kinds of methods landslide monitoring is to forecast the trend of landslide. Landslide father depends on it. Landslide monitoring includes displacement trend monitoring and water trend monitoring. By now, the main methods used in landslide monitoring in China are still some traditional ways, less automatic and inefficient. Although a few instruments were used previously, they were all too expensive to work in field timelessly.
The author took part in the research project Research on System of Auto-alarm to Emergent Landslides in Railway's Counterforts assigned by Science and Technology committee of Sichuan Province. According to the actuality of domestic landslides monitoring, the project aims at a set of Real-time Landslides Monitoring and Alarm System(RLMAS), which features low cost, automation, adopting static GPS difference position technology to monitoring the displacement of landslides and using mini dilapidation detector to find emergent dilapidation and alarm. The RLMAS is made up of two parts: monitoring center(MC) and monitoring terminals(MTs). This paper is based on the development of MT by the author.
The MT provides GPS data for MC, which then issues difference calculating with the data. Also the MT raises the real-time alarm to MC when emergent dilapidation happens in the area nearby the monitoring points. Each MT is made up of five modules: GPS receiver, wireless communication, dilapidation detector, power and control. GPS receiver module is cheap single-frequency GPS receiver. The position precision, 1cm in horizontality and 2cm in verticality, is gained by the GPS net of several MTs' GPS receiver modules with calculating software of the MC. Dilapidation detector module, which detects dilapidation, is formed with multiplex channel of dilapidation detectors in series. GSM module is used, combining SMS with 9600bps Asynchronous Communication, to establish a connect between the MC and MTs, reliable and real-time. The MTs are powered by solar panel and Li-Ion chargeable batteries in remote areas having no AC supply. DC/DC transfer, high efficient and less noise, meet the different voltage and current need by each module. The MTs use isolated DC/DC module to provide power for dilapidation detectors, avoiding lightning strike. The control module includes a SOC chip: C8051F023, and interface circuit between C8051F023 and every module. C8051F023 features high speed and abundance inside resources, which meet the need of the MT. The interface circuit includes two UARTs to GSM and GPS module, photoelectricity coupling interface to dilapidation detectors, A/D inputs to batteries voltage. There are also the power-on circuit for GSM module, indication circuit, the UART to PC, etc. The MCU program , written with C51 language, include GPS position, alarm of dilapidation, Asynchronous Communication and SMS, clock management, etc.
After development, the MTs' capability had been tested. Then the MTs are used in JiangXi province to monitoring the landslide on ChangJin express road. The effect is good.
It is proved , by research and experimentation, that the design of terminal is correct in theory and doable in practice.
引文
[1] 李洪涛，许国昌，薛鸿印等．GPS应用程序设计．北京：科学出版社，1999
[2] 徐绍诠，张海华，杨志强等．GPS测量原理及应用。武汉大学出版社，2001
[3] 曾广华，向南平．单频GPS接收机快速静态定位的应用．东北测绘，Vol．24，2001．2
[4] VP Oncore Command Reference. 2001, http://www.synergy-gps.com
[5] ONCORE USER'S GUIDE. 1998, Motorala Corporation.
[6] ZY-C系列天线性能．2000，http://www.zygps.com
[7] 郭梯云，邬国扬，李建东等．移动通信．西安电子科大出版社，2000
[8] 李建华，郭明．RS-232和调制解调器高级通信编程．人民邮电出版社，2001．7
[9] AT COMMAND SET. 1998, Siemense Corporation.
[10] C8051F020／1／2／3混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册．2002，沈阳新华龙电子有限公司
[11] MAX1665 Datasheet. 2000, MAXIM Corporation.
[12] MAX1908 Datasheet. 2003, MAXIM Corporation.
[13] MAX1626/7 Datasheet. 2001, MAXIM Corporation.
[14] 高鹏，安涛，寇怀成．PROTEL99入门与提高．人民邮电出版社，2000
[15] 马忠梅，籍顺心，张凯，马岩．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．1
[17] Kris Jaltlsa[美]著，张春晖等译．C／C++程序员实用大全．中国水利水电出版社，1999．7
[18] 张毅坤，陈善久，裘雪红．单片微型计算机原理及应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[19] 金炯泰[韩]著，金奎焕等译．如何使用KEIL 8051 C编译器．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．12
[20] 薛永毅，王淑英，何希才．新型电源电路应用实例．电子工业出版社，2001．10
[21] 王英剑，常敏慧．何希才．新型开关电源实用技术．电子工业出版社，1999．4
[22] 陆坤，奚大顺，李之权等．电子设计技术．电子科技大学出版社，1997
[23] 短消息(SMS)体制．1997，ETSI
[24] 王仁波．滑坡实时监测报警系统研究：[学位论文]．成都：成都理工大学，2003
[25] http://www.21ic.com
[26] http://www.google.com
[27] http://www.laogu.com
[28] http://www.xhl.com.cn
[29] http://www.zlgmcu.com
[30] http://www.topitech.com.cn
[2] 徐绍诠，张海华，杨志强等．GPS测量原理及应用。武汉大学出版社，2001
[3] 曾广华，向南平．单频GPS接收机快速静态定位的应用．东北测绘，Vol．24，2001．2
[4] VP Oncore Command Reference. 2001, http://www.synergy-gps.com
[5] ONCORE USER'S GUIDE. 1998, Motorala Corporation.
[6] ZY-C系列天线性能．2000，http://www.zygps.com
[7] 郭梯云，邬国扬，李建东等．移动通信．西安电子科大出版社，2000
[8] 李建华，郭明．RS-232和调制解调器高级通信编程．人民邮电出版社，2001．7
[9] AT COMMAND SET. 1998, Siemense Corporation.
[10] C8051F020／1／2／3混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册．2002，沈阳新华龙电子有限公司
[11] MAX1665 Datasheet. 2000, MAXIM Corporation.
[12] MAX1908 Datasheet. 2003, MAXIM Corporation.
[13] MAX1626/7 Datasheet. 2001, MAXIM Corporation.
[14] 高鹏，安涛，寇怀成．PROTEL99入门与提高．人民邮电出版社，2000
[15] 马忠梅，籍顺心，张凯，马岩．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．1
[17] Kris Jaltlsa[美]著，张春晖等译．C／C++程序员实用大全．中国水利水电出版社，1999．7
[18] 张毅坤，陈善久，裘雪红．单片微型计算机原理及应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[19] 金炯泰[韩]著，金奎焕等译．如何使用KEIL 8051 C编译器．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．12
[20] 薛永毅，王淑英，何希才．新型电源电路应用实例．电子工业出版社，2001．10
[21] 王英剑，常敏慧．何希才．新型开关电源实用技术．电子工业出版社，1999．4
[22] 陆坤，奚大顺，李之权等．电子设计技术．电子科技大学出版社，1997
[23] 短消息(SMS)体制．1997，ETSI
[24] 王仁波．滑坡实时监测报警系统研究：[学位论文]．成都：成都理工大学，2003
[25] http://www.21ic.com
[26] http://www.google.com
[27] http://www.laogu.com
[28] http://www.xhl.com.cn
[29] http://www.zlgmcu.com
[30] http://www.topitech.com.cn