城市中心区停车规划方法研究及其应用
|
摘要
近年来,随着城市的发展和经济总量的快速增长,我国城市的机动车保有量呈现出快速增长的趋势。特别是在城市的中心区,“停车难、乱停车”这个问题表现的日益突出。停车难,主要是因为历史“欠账”太多。目前我国大中城市停车难的严重状况,既有管理体制、管理手段的问题,也有停车政策和规划技术上的问题。当前急需参照发达国家的先进经验,从政策和规划入手,探讨解决城市停车问题的途径和方法,并将此理论和方法应用到实际建设中去。
本文分析了一些发达国家在停车场规划和管理方面的经验,对城市中心区公共停车设施规划理论进行了初步探讨。分析了我国城市中心区公共停车设施供需矛盾；评价了公共停车设施的评价指标体系；提出了城市停车场规划的主要方法,并且对于关键技术给出了解决方案,总结了公共停车需求的影响因素,分析了停车的预测方法；探讨了公共停车设施的供给策略和布局规划的基本原则。
在理论研究的基础上,本文针对深圳市宝城片区进行了公共停车场的总体规划。对宝城片区公共停车设施的现状进行了调查和评价,一方面从停车设施的类型、分布等角度进行分析,另一方面,选取若干典型评价指标,开展停车设施使用特征的调查。选定停车设施需求预测模型,以交通调查基础数据为基础,进行了停车需求预测,根据宝城片区的自身特点,确定适当的停车设施供应策略和停车发展目标,进行了公共停车设施布局规划。
In recent years, with the development of the city and the rapid growth of the total economy, China city of motor vehicle quantities presents the fast growth the tendency. Especially in the city center, "parking, disorderly parking" increasingly prominent manifestation of this problem. Parking, mainly because of historical "greatly" too much. At present our country cities parking serious condition, both the management system, management problem, also have parking policy and planning of technical problems. The current need advanced experience of developed countries, from the policy and planning, discusses the urban parking problem solving ways and methods, and will this theory and method applied to actual construction.
This paper analyzes some developed countries in the parking lot planning and management, experience in public parking facilities in urban central district planning theory is also discussed. Analyzes the public parking facilities in the city downtown of the contradiction between supply and demand; Evaluation of public parking facilities evaluation index system; Put forward the main method of urban parking planning for key technology, and provides a solution, summarized the influence factors of public parking demand, analyzes the forecast method, and parking Discusses the supply of public parking facilities layout planning strategy and the basic principles.
Based on the study of the theory, the paper discusses the shenzhen treasure city area the overall planning of public parking lot. To treasure city public parking facilities for the present situation to carry on the investigation and evaluation from parking facilities and, on the other hand, the types, such as distribution of Angle analysis, on the other hand, the evaluation index, based on some typical in parking facilities using characteristics of the investigation. Selected parking facilities, with traffic demand forecasting model based on investigation based data, the parking demand forecast, according to the characteristics of precious city area, determine proper parking facilities supply strategy and parking development goals, the public parking facilities layout.
本文分析了一些发达国家在停车场规划和管理方面的经验,对城市中心区公共停车设施规划理论进行了初步探讨。分析了我国城市中心区公共停车设施供需矛盾；评价了公共停车设施的评价指标体系；提出了城市停车场规划的主要方法,并且对于关键技术给出了解决方案,总结了公共停车需求的影响因素,分析了停车的预测方法；探讨了公共停车设施的供给策略和布局规划的基本原则。
在理论研究的基础上,本文针对深圳市宝城片区进行了公共停车场的总体规划。对宝城片区公共停车设施的现状进行了调查和评价,一方面从停车设施的类型、分布等角度进行分析,另一方面,选取若干典型评价指标,开展停车设施使用特征的调查。选定停车设施需求预测模型,以交通调查基础数据为基础,进行了停车需求预测,根据宝城片区的自身特点,确定适当的停车设施供应策略和停车发展目标,进行了公共停车设施布局规划。
In recent years, with the development of the city and the rapid growth of the total economy, China city of motor vehicle quantities presents the fast growth the tendency. Especially in the city center, "parking, disorderly parking" increasingly prominent manifestation of this problem. Parking, mainly because of historical "greatly" too much. At present our country cities parking serious condition, both the management system, management problem, also have parking policy and planning of technical problems. The current need advanced experience of developed countries, from the policy and planning, discusses the urban parking problem solving ways and methods, and will this theory and method applied to actual construction.
This paper analyzes some developed countries in the parking lot planning and management, experience in public parking facilities in urban central district planning theory is also discussed. Analyzes the public parking facilities in the city downtown of the contradiction between supply and demand; Evaluation of public parking facilities evaluation index system; Put forward the main method of urban parking planning for key technology, and provides a solution, summarized the influence factors of public parking demand, analyzes the forecast method, and parking Discusses the supply of public parking facilities layout planning strategy and the basic principles.
Based on the study of the theory, the paper discusses the shenzhen treasure city area the overall planning of public parking lot. To treasure city public parking facilities for the present situation to carry on the investigation and evaluation from parking facilities and, on the other hand, the types, such as distribution of Angle analysis, on the other hand, the evaluation index, based on some typical in parking facilities using characteristics of the investigation. Selected parking facilities, with traffic demand forecasting model based on investigation based data, the parking demand forecast, according to the characteristics of precious city area, determine proper parking facilities supply strategy and parking development goals, the public parking facilities layout.
引文
[1]张秀媛,董苏华.城市停车规划与管理[M].清华大学出版社,2006：5-7
[2]SMITH. W. Parking in the city cente [M]. Automobile manufacture,1965.
[3]HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD. Parking principles, special report #125 [R]. Washington, D.C.:National Research Council,1971.
[4]MORRALL J M, BOLGER D. The Relationship Between Downtown Parking Supply andTransit use [J]. ITE journal.1996(1):32-36
[5]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Parking Elasticity-A Tool For Policy Implementation [J].Traffic Engingeering & Control.1982(3):365-369
[6]JORRITSMA B. H. H, LEE J. J. Effects of Parking Measures In the Center of Leeuwarden [R].Washington, D. C.:National Research Council,1984
[7]JAVID, MASSOUD. Optimal Supply of Parking at Airports [C].Proceedings of the 23nd Air Transport Conference. USA,1994
[8]ITE TECHNICAL COUNCIL COMMITTEE. Parking Generation(3rd edition) [R].Washington, D. C.:ITE.2004
[9]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Car Parking Standards In Development Control[J]. Traffic Engingeering & control.1982(1):86-88
[10]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Car Parking Standards and Urban Economy [J]. Traffic Engingeering & Control.1982(6):537-542
[11]LEVISON H. S. Zoning For Parking-A Global Perspective [J]. ITE journal.1984(4): 18-22
[12]晏克非.停车需求预测模型研究[C]//94’深圳国际城市静态交通管理技术研讨会论文集.深圳,1994：25-28.
[13]李峰,李群.我国城市机动车停车需求预测方法及其应用研究[J].交通工程.1997(3)：37-39.
[14]夏天成.城市中心商业区静态交通规划与管理研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[15]同济大学.城市建筑物配件停车场设施标准研究[R].上海：同济大学,1998.
[16]南京市交通规划研究所.城市中心区停车设施供应与路网容量平衡关系研究[R].南 京：南京市交通规划研究所,1998.
[17]陈峻.城市停车设施需求预测研究[J].东南大学学报,1999,29(B11)：121-126.
[18]安实,马天超,尹缙瑞.基于G-Logit的停车需求预测模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(1)：67-70.
[19]何佳伟,赵强.基于出行生成约束模型的交通需求预测方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2005,23(5)：26-29.
[20]白玉,薛昆,杨晓光.基于路网容量的停车需求预测方法[J].交通运输工程、学报,2004,4(4)：49-52.
[21]OPPENLANDER J. C. Optimal location and sizing of parking facilities[J]. ITE compendium of technical paper.1988,24(1):4-6.
[22]JONES D, RUTHERFORD S, RIGBY J. A comprehensive approach to traffic and parking policy:a case-study of York [J]. Traffic engineering & control.1989,30(4): 172-174.
[23]MAY T, JONES D. RIGBY J. Parking policy assessment:the contribution of a parking location model in York [J]. Traffic engineering & control.1989,30(5):251-256.
[24]ANON. Guidelines for parking facility location and design [J]. ITE journal.1990, 60(4):58-63.
[25]饭田恭敬.交通工程学[M].邵春福,译.北京：人民交通出版社,1994.
[26]THOMAS A. LAMBE. Driver choice of parking in the city [J]. Socio-economics planning.1996,30(3):207-219.
[27]何政军.停车需求、供应及分布理论研究[D].上海：同济大学,1994.
[28]邹志云.社会公共停车场选址方法研究[J].武汉城市建设学院学报,1996,13(4)：70-72.
[29]陈峻,王炜.城市社会停车场选址规划模型研究[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(1)：59-62.
[30]陈峻,刘东,陈学武,等.城市停车设施选址模型与遗传算法设计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(1)：85-88.
[31]崔华芳,吕仁义.多目标模糊优选技术在城市停车场规划评价系统PPEPro中的应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32(1)：65-68.
[32]崔华芳,王红林.城市停车场规划中渐进优化选址技术研究[J].西安建筑科技大学报,2001,33(1)：39-45.
[33]於昊,陈峻,王炜,等.基于遗传算法的停车设施选址规划[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(6)：53-56.
[34]裴玉龙,陶泽明.基于GIS的城市停车规划系统(UPP-GIS)的开发研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6)：112-115.
[35]凌镭,李炜,王炜,等.停车场规划的多点区域分配-迭代寻优选址法[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(7)：18-21.
[36]胡幼予,李炜,凌镭.停车场规划的分片凸规划-建模、算法及应用[J].运筹与管理,2003,12(4)：103-106.
[37]吴素丽,冷杰王亚,等.大城市社会公共停车场选址规划模型研究[J].交通科技,2005(1)：80-82.
[38]郭涛,杨涛.基于GA的公共停车场选址模型研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(1)：95-98.
[39]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[M].人民交通出版社,1997,27.
[40]赵和生.城市规划与城市发展[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1998.
[41]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社,1997,30.
[42]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[43]过秀成,王炜.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[44]王炜.城市交通管理规划指南[M].人民交通出版社,2003,321.
[45]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社1997,337.
[46]关宏志,刘小明.停车场规划设计与管理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[47]关宏志,王鑫,王雪.停车需求预测方法研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(7)：600-604.
[48]Smith W and Associates.Parking in the city center.Automobile Manufacture,1965
[49]吴涛.停车供需与停车政策研究[D].上海：同济大学,1999.
[50]陈嫒.城市停车设施规划问题研究[J].硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学,2005.
[51]陈峻.城市停车设施规划方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2000.
[52]邹贞元,徐亚国,安石.城市静态交通管理理论与应用[M].广州：广州出版社,2000.
[53]深圳市停车管理研究[K].深圳市交通管理科学研究所,哈尔滨工业大学,1999.
[54]关宏志,刘小明.停车场规划设计与管理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[2]SMITH. W. Parking in the city cente [M]. Automobile manufacture,1965.
[3]HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD. Parking principles, special report #125 [R]. Washington, D.C.:National Research Council,1971.
[4]MORRALL J M, BOLGER D. The Relationship Between Downtown Parking Supply andTransit use [J]. ITE journal.1996(1):32-36
[5]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Parking Elasticity-A Tool For Policy Implementation [J].Traffic Engingeering & Control.1982(3):365-369
[6]JORRITSMA B. H. H, LEE J. J. Effects of Parking Measures In the Center of Leeuwarden [R].Washington, D. C.:National Research Council,1984
[7]JAVID, MASSOUD. Optimal Supply of Parking at Airports [C].Proceedings of the 23nd Air Transport Conference. USA,1994
[8]ITE TECHNICAL COUNCIL COMMITTEE. Parking Generation(3rd edition) [R].Washington, D. C.:ITE.2004
[9]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Car Parking Standards In Development Control[J]. Traffic Engingeering & control.1982(1):86-88
[10]HAWORTH S. L, HILTON I. C. Car Parking Standards and Urban Economy [J]. Traffic Engingeering & Control.1982(6):537-542
[11]LEVISON H. S. Zoning For Parking-A Global Perspective [J]. ITE journal.1984(4): 18-22
[12]晏克非.停车需求预测模型研究[C]//94’深圳国际城市静态交通管理技术研讨会论文集.深圳,1994：25-28.
[13]李峰,李群.我国城市机动车停车需求预测方法及其应用研究[J].交通工程.1997(3)：37-39.
[14]夏天成.城市中心商业区静态交通规划与管理研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[15]同济大学.城市建筑物配件停车场设施标准研究[R].上海：同济大学,1998.
[16]南京市交通规划研究所.城市中心区停车设施供应与路网容量平衡关系研究[R].南 京：南京市交通规划研究所,1998.
[17]陈峻.城市停车设施需求预测研究[J].东南大学学报,1999,29(B11)：121-126.
[18]安实,马天超,尹缙瑞.基于G-Logit的停车需求预测模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(1)：67-70.
[19]何佳伟,赵强.基于出行生成约束模型的交通需求预测方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2005,23(5)：26-29.
[20]白玉,薛昆,杨晓光.基于路网容量的停车需求预测方法[J].交通运输工程、学报,2004,4(4)：49-52.
[21]OPPENLANDER J. C. Optimal location and sizing of parking facilities[J]. ITE compendium of technical paper.1988,24(1):4-6.
[22]JONES D, RUTHERFORD S, RIGBY J. A comprehensive approach to traffic and parking policy:a case-study of York [J]. Traffic engineering & control.1989,30(4): 172-174.
[23]MAY T, JONES D. RIGBY J. Parking policy assessment:the contribution of a parking location model in York [J]. Traffic engineering & control.1989,30(5):251-256.
[24]ANON. Guidelines for parking facility location and design [J]. ITE journal.1990, 60(4):58-63.
[25]饭田恭敬.交通工程学[M].邵春福,译.北京：人民交通出版社,1994.
[26]THOMAS A. LAMBE. Driver choice of parking in the city [J]. Socio-economics planning.1996,30(3):207-219.
[27]何政军.停车需求、供应及分布理论研究[D].上海：同济大学,1994.
[28]邹志云.社会公共停车场选址方法研究[J].武汉城市建设学院学报,1996,13(4)：70-72.
[29]陈峻,王炜.城市社会停车场选址规划模型研究[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(1)：59-62.
[30]陈峻,刘东,陈学武,等.城市停车设施选址模型与遗传算法设计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(1)：85-88.
[31]崔华芳,吕仁义.多目标模糊优选技术在城市停车场规划评价系统PPEPro中的应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32(1)：65-68.
[32]崔华芳,王红林.城市停车场规划中渐进优化选址技术研究[J].西安建筑科技大学报,2001,33(1)：39-45.
[33]於昊,陈峻,王炜,等.基于遗传算法的停车设施选址规划[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(6)：53-56.
[34]裴玉龙,陶泽明.基于GIS的城市停车规划系统(UPP-GIS)的开发研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6)：112-115.
[35]凌镭,李炜,王炜,等.停车场规划的多点区域分配-迭代寻优选址法[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(7)：18-21.
[36]胡幼予,李炜,凌镭.停车场规划的分片凸规划-建模、算法及应用[J].运筹与管理,2003,12(4)：103-106.
[37]吴素丽,冷杰王亚,等.大城市社会公共停车场选址规划模型研究[J].交通科技,2005(1)：80-82.
[38]郭涛,杨涛.基于GA的公共停车场选址模型研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(1)：95-98.
[39]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[M].人民交通出版社,1997,27.
[40]赵和生.城市规划与城市发展[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1998.
[41]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社,1997,30.
[42]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[43]过秀成,王炜.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[44]王炜.城市交通管理规划指南[M].人民交通出版社,2003,321.
[45]郑祖武,李康.现代城市交通[J].人民交通出版社1997,337.
[46]关宏志,刘小明.停车场规划设计与管理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[47]关宏志,王鑫,王雪.停车需求预测方法研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(7)：600-604.
[48]Smith W and Associates.Parking in the city center.Automobile Manufacture,1965
[49]吴涛.停车供需与停车政策研究[D].上海：同济大学,1999.
[50]陈嫒.城市停车设施规划问题研究[J].硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学,2005.
[51]陈峻.城市停车设施规划方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2000.
[52]邹贞元,徐亚国,安石.城市静态交通管理理论与应用[M].广州：广州出版社,2000.
[53]深圳市停车管理研究[K].深圳市交通管理科学研究所,哈尔滨工业大学,1999.
[54]关宏志,刘小明.停车场规划设计与管理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |