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大型活动期间交通需求预测方法研究
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摘要
摘 要
     随着中国与国际社会交流的日益密切,大型国际活动越来越多地选择在中
    国举办。近几年国内即将承办的世界性大型活动包括上海的世界博览会、北京
    2008 年奥运会。大型活动期间,城市网络的交通出行由活动参与者的出行、城
    市居民的日常出行两大部分组成,这两部分的出行要求不同,提供的服务也有
    所不同。为保证活动的顺利举办,活动期间,必须优先保证活动参与者的出行,
    并在此基础上,尽可能不影响城市居民的日常出行,保证城市的正常运作。
     传统的需求预测方法均假设不同出行者出行的总体要求和所得到的服务是
    一致的,在分析过程中,也把所有出行作为一个整体来考虑。显而易见,这种
    方法并不适合于预测、分析大型活动举办期间特殊的交通出行情况。为此,本
    文以传统四阶段需求预测法为基础,提出大型活动期间交通需求预测的分层次
    法,并通过实例对这一方法进行了实践。
     大型活动期间交通需求预测的分层次法,是根据不同交通出行主体的出行
    特点、要求、所得到的服务以及城市在大型活动期间的交通政策、管理措施,
    把城市交通网络分成相应的层次,并在各个层次建立相应的时间层次,分别在
    不同的层次对供需情况进行分析。本文结合北京 2008 奥运会的实例,以北京市
    城市交通网络为基础,在对奥运出行特点进行分析的基础上,把北京市路网分
    为奥林匹克公园以及其影响区域、奥林匹克专用道及北京市非专用路网三个层
    次,分别建立相应的预测模型,确定了各自的预测期和最不利时段,对赛事举
    办期间的供需情况作了预测,并对不同层次的交通供需状况进行了评价。
Abstract
     With the frequent exchange between China and the international society, the
    large-scale international activities are chosen to be held in China more and more.
    Only in next several years, the World Exposition of Shanghai will be held at 2005
    and the 29th Olympic Game will be held in Beijing at 2008. During the large-scale
    activity, the urban transportation trips usually are made up of two parts: the
    participators’ trips and the resident daily trips. The transportation demand of two
    parts are different, accordingly the services which are offered are also dissimilar.
    During the activity, in order to guarantee the activity to be holding successfully, the
    trips of activity participators should be guaranteed firstly, and the daily trips also
    should not be affected by the activity to the best of out abilities.
     In the traditional methods of transportation demand forecast, it is usually
    supposed that the macro-demands of different travelers and the services are
    consistent, so it always makes all trips of people as a whole in the process of
    forecast. It is clearly that the traditional methods do not suit to forecast transportion
    demand and evaluate road network performance concern with activities’transportatio
    -n. Therefore, basing on the Four-stage method of trips forecast, this paper puts
    forward the hiberarchy method of trips forecast that can be used to analyze the
    transportation problems of the large-scale activity, and take it into practice by the
    example.
     Based on the different characteristic, request and service of different users, and
    influenced by the traffic policies and transportation management during the
    large-scale activity, the transportation network is divided into corresponding
    different hierarchy by the hiberarchy method, and on the different hierarchy the
    analyses are done. Using 2008 Beijing Olympic Game as an example, basing on the
    road network of Beijing, and analyzing the characteristic of trips during the game,
    the road network is partitioned into three hiberarchies, which are the Olympic Green,
    the Olympic Circle, and the other parts of network used by citizens, the worst
    forecast day & time are confirmed, and the models are erect to forecast the game’s
    transportation demand and evaluate road network performance.
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