我国企业生态化系统及发展模式研究
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摘要
我国传统的经济增长方式导致了资源短缺、环境恶化,造成了严重的生态失衡。贯彻科学发展观,发展循环经济,促进经济、环境、社会的协调发展已经成为我国经济发展的首要目标。在这样的背景下,研究企业生态化内部系统、外部系统及企业生态化发展模式,促进我国企业生态化发展,提高资源、能源利用率,减少废弃物排放,不仅具有理论价值还有很强的现实指导意义。
首先,论文在对研究的背景、目的及意义进行总结和论述的基础上,提出我国企业生态化的内涵和特征,探讨了我国企业生态化的现状以及存在的问题,并对问题存在的原因进行了剖析,同时分析了美国、日本、德国等发达国家企业生态化的实践以及对我国的启示。
其次,论文对我国企业生态化动力系统的构成和特征进行了论述,该系统主要由两部分组成,其中企业生态化动力因素包括利益驱动力、企业家精神、企业形象以及企业可持续发展等企业内部动力因素和市场需求拉动、市场竞争压力、政府行为驱动以及技术创新推动等企业外部动力因素；企业生态化阻力因素主要包括企业规模重力、企业管理阻力以及企业信息不对称带来的阻力。在对这些因素进行分别论述之后,论文将牛顿力学的思想引入企业生态化发展动力系统中来,构建了企业生态化动力系统的力学模型,进行了受力分析,更加直观的表述了企业生态化的影响因素。
第三,论文从企业内外部两个视角入手解析企业生态化的运行要素,构建了企业内部生态化系统和企业外部生态化系统。论文构建了企业内部生态化系统的灯笼模型,其中灯笼柄是企业生态化战略,灯笼芯是企业生态化思想,灯笼底是企业组织学习基因；灯笼身是企业生态化的保障子系统和运行子系统；并对保障子系统和运行子系统进行了详尽论述。企业外部生态化系统主要研究企业生态化过程中与政府、中介机构、科研机构、高校以及其他企业等社会单元的能量和信息交流与合作,论文对外部生态化系统的子系统构成进行了分析,并对外部生态化系统的能量流动过程以及系统的稳定性进行了探讨。
第四,论文构建了企业生态化内部发展模式以及外部发展模式。企业生态化内部模式主要包括企业生产系统生态化模式即从企业的原材料投入、生产、销售到废弃物排放都实现生态化以及企业管理系统生态化模式；企业外部生态化模式主要包括企业合作生态化模式、企业生态化市场导向模式以及企业生态化政府干预模式；并论述了几种模式之间的关系。
第五,论文在前人研究的基础上,结合本文研究问题的视角,对指标进行了筛选,构建了包括企业生态化投入指标、企业生态化经济效益指标、资源效益指标、环境效益指标和社会效益指标等五个系统指标层,26个状态指标的企业生态化发展水平评价指标体系,同时构建了灰色定权聚类模型以及层次分析法确定权重模型,这两种模型结合进行企业生态化发展水平评价。对哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践进行了实证研究,一方面验证了论文指标体系以及模型的正确性,另一方面找出哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践的优势及不足,指导哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践的进一步开展。
最后,论文针对构建的企业生态化系统、发展模式以及评价指标体系构建了我国企业生态化的发展对策,内部对策主要包括建设企业生态供应链、全面推进企业清洁生产、完善企业生态化创新体系；外部对策主要包括完善企业生态化的理论体系、构建企业生态化政策支持体系、建立企业生态化制度体系、健全企业生态化的配套服务体系以及建立健全公众参与机制。
The traditional style of economic increase in our country has caused resource shortage, environment deterioration and severe ecological imbalance. Implementing the scientific development concept, developing recycling economy, and promoting the coordinated development of economy, environment, and society have already become the primary goal of economic development in our country. Under such circumstance, researching the interior and exterior system of enterprise's ecology and the enterprise's ecological development model to promote the enterprise's ecological development, improve resources and energy utilization ratio and reduce waste discharge, can not merely have theory value, but also have the strong realistic significance.
First of all, on the foundation of summarizing the background, purpose and meaning, this thesis proposes the intension and characteristics of the enterprise ecology in our country, explores the current situation of enterprise ecology and the existing problem, researches the reason of the existing problem and analyses the enterprise's ecological practices of the developed countries such as U.S.A., Japan and Germany and the enlightenment for our country.
Secondly, this thesis describes the composition and characteristics of the enterprise ecology dynamical system which is mainly made up of two parts. The dynamical factors of enterprise's ecology contain the interior dynamical factors-the driving force of the interests, the spirit of entrepreneurship, the enterprise image, the enterprise's sustainable development and the exterior dynamical factors- market demand, market competition pressure, government's behavior drive and technological innovation. The resistance factors of enterprise ecology include the enterprise scale gravity, the enterprise's management resistance and the obstruction brought by the enterprise's information asymmetry. After the respective exposition of these factors, this thesis brings the Newton mechanics thought to the dynamical system of enterprise ecological development, constructs the mechanics model of enterprise's ecology dynamical system, makes the force analysis and states the influencing factors of enterprise ecology.
Thirdly, the thesis analyzes the key element of enterprise's ecology operation from the interior and exterior visual angles and structures the enterprise's interior and exterior ecological system. This thesis structures a lantern model for the enterprise's interior ecological system, the lantern handle is the enterprise ecology strategy, the lantern core is the enterprise ecology thought, the lantern bottom is the enterprise organization learning gene and the lantern body is the guarantee and operating subsystem of enterprise ecology that is described exhaustively. And the enterprise's exterior ecological system researches the energy and information exchange and cooperation with the government, the intermediary, the scientific research institution, universities, other enterprises and other social units in the course of enterprise ecology. The thesis analyzes the formation of external ecology system's subsystem and explores the energy flow process and stability of the ecological system.
Fourthly, the thesis structures the ecological development mode from the enterprise's interior and exterior. Enterprise ecology interior mode includes the .ecological mode of enterprise's administrative system and the enterprise production system's ecology mode that means the process from the input of raw materials, production, sale to the waste discharge realizes the ecology; Enterprise ecology exterior mode includes the ecological mode of enterprise's cooperation, the market-oriented mode of enterprise ecology and the government interference mode of enterprise ecology; then the thesis states the relationship among the several kinds of mode.
Fifthly, the thesis, on the basis of previous study, combining the visual angle of its researching questions, selects the index, and structures five indicator system including the invest index of enterprise ecology, the economic benefits index of enterprise ecology, the resource benefit index, the environmental benefit index and the social benefit index, and 26 evaluation system of state index. Meanwhile, the thesis structures the grey clusters with fixed weights and confirms the weight model through the level analytic approach, these two kinds of models are combined to make the development level evaluation of enterprise ecology. This thesis makes empirical research of Harbin Limin agricultural and chemical technology limited company's ecological practice, on one hand, it proves the correctness of index system and model in the thesis, on the other hand, it finds out the advantages and disadvantages of the ecological practice of Harbin Limin agricultural and chemical technology limited company, and guides the company to get further development ecological practice.
Finally, the thesis structures the enterprise's ecological development countermeasure of our country for the enterprise ecological system, development model and evaluation index system. The interior countermeasure includes the supply chain of enterprise ecology, advancing the enterprise clean production and perfecting the innovative system of enterprise ecology. The exterior countermeasure includes perfecting the theoretical system of enterprise ecology, structuring the policy supporting system of enterprise ecology, establishing the institutional system of enterprise ecology, perfecting the matching service system of enterprise ecology and setting up the public participating mechanism.
首先,论文在对研究的背景、目的及意义进行总结和论述的基础上,提出我国企业生态化的内涵和特征,探讨了我国企业生态化的现状以及存在的问题,并对问题存在的原因进行了剖析,同时分析了美国、日本、德国等发达国家企业生态化的实践以及对我国的启示。
其次,论文对我国企业生态化动力系统的构成和特征进行了论述,该系统主要由两部分组成,其中企业生态化动力因素包括利益驱动力、企业家精神、企业形象以及企业可持续发展等企业内部动力因素和市场需求拉动、市场竞争压力、政府行为驱动以及技术创新推动等企业外部动力因素；企业生态化阻力因素主要包括企业规模重力、企业管理阻力以及企业信息不对称带来的阻力。在对这些因素进行分别论述之后,论文将牛顿力学的思想引入企业生态化发展动力系统中来,构建了企业生态化动力系统的力学模型,进行了受力分析,更加直观的表述了企业生态化的影响因素。
第三,论文从企业内外部两个视角入手解析企业生态化的运行要素,构建了企业内部生态化系统和企业外部生态化系统。论文构建了企业内部生态化系统的灯笼模型,其中灯笼柄是企业生态化战略,灯笼芯是企业生态化思想,灯笼底是企业组织学习基因；灯笼身是企业生态化的保障子系统和运行子系统；并对保障子系统和运行子系统进行了详尽论述。企业外部生态化系统主要研究企业生态化过程中与政府、中介机构、科研机构、高校以及其他企业等社会单元的能量和信息交流与合作,论文对外部生态化系统的子系统构成进行了分析,并对外部生态化系统的能量流动过程以及系统的稳定性进行了探讨。
第四,论文构建了企业生态化内部发展模式以及外部发展模式。企业生态化内部模式主要包括企业生产系统生态化模式即从企业的原材料投入、生产、销售到废弃物排放都实现生态化以及企业管理系统生态化模式；企业外部生态化模式主要包括企业合作生态化模式、企业生态化市场导向模式以及企业生态化政府干预模式；并论述了几种模式之间的关系。
第五,论文在前人研究的基础上,结合本文研究问题的视角,对指标进行了筛选,构建了包括企业生态化投入指标、企业生态化经济效益指标、资源效益指标、环境效益指标和社会效益指标等五个系统指标层,26个状态指标的企业生态化发展水平评价指标体系,同时构建了灰色定权聚类模型以及层次分析法确定权重模型,这两种模型结合进行企业生态化发展水平评价。对哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践进行了实证研究,一方面验证了论文指标体系以及模型的正确性,另一方面找出哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践的优势及不足,指导哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司生态化实践的进一步开展。
最后,论文针对构建的企业生态化系统、发展模式以及评价指标体系构建了我国企业生态化的发展对策,内部对策主要包括建设企业生态供应链、全面推进企业清洁生产、完善企业生态化创新体系；外部对策主要包括完善企业生态化的理论体系、构建企业生态化政策支持体系、建立企业生态化制度体系、健全企业生态化的配套服务体系以及建立健全公众参与机制。
The traditional style of economic increase in our country has caused resource shortage, environment deterioration and severe ecological imbalance. Implementing the scientific development concept, developing recycling economy, and promoting the coordinated development of economy, environment, and society have already become the primary goal of economic development in our country. Under such circumstance, researching the interior and exterior system of enterprise's ecology and the enterprise's ecological development model to promote the enterprise's ecological development, improve resources and energy utilization ratio and reduce waste discharge, can not merely have theory value, but also have the strong realistic significance.
First of all, on the foundation of summarizing the background, purpose and meaning, this thesis proposes the intension and characteristics of the enterprise ecology in our country, explores the current situation of enterprise ecology and the existing problem, researches the reason of the existing problem and analyses the enterprise's ecological practices of the developed countries such as U.S.A., Japan and Germany and the enlightenment for our country.
Secondly, this thesis describes the composition and characteristics of the enterprise ecology dynamical system which is mainly made up of two parts. The dynamical factors of enterprise's ecology contain the interior dynamical factors-the driving force of the interests, the spirit of entrepreneurship, the enterprise image, the enterprise's sustainable development and the exterior dynamical factors- market demand, market competition pressure, government's behavior drive and technological innovation. The resistance factors of enterprise ecology include the enterprise scale gravity, the enterprise's management resistance and the obstruction brought by the enterprise's information asymmetry. After the respective exposition of these factors, this thesis brings the Newton mechanics thought to the dynamical system of enterprise ecological development, constructs the mechanics model of enterprise's ecology dynamical system, makes the force analysis and states the influencing factors of enterprise ecology.
Thirdly, the thesis analyzes the key element of enterprise's ecology operation from the interior and exterior visual angles and structures the enterprise's interior and exterior ecological system. This thesis structures a lantern model for the enterprise's interior ecological system, the lantern handle is the enterprise ecology strategy, the lantern core is the enterprise ecology thought, the lantern bottom is the enterprise organization learning gene and the lantern body is the guarantee and operating subsystem of enterprise ecology that is described exhaustively. And the enterprise's exterior ecological system researches the energy and information exchange and cooperation with the government, the intermediary, the scientific research institution, universities, other enterprises and other social units in the course of enterprise ecology. The thesis analyzes the formation of external ecology system's subsystem and explores the energy flow process and stability of the ecological system.
Fourthly, the thesis structures the ecological development mode from the enterprise's interior and exterior. Enterprise ecology interior mode includes the .ecological mode of enterprise's administrative system and the enterprise production system's ecology mode that means the process from the input of raw materials, production, sale to the waste discharge realizes the ecology; Enterprise ecology exterior mode includes the ecological mode of enterprise's cooperation, the market-oriented mode of enterprise ecology and the government interference mode of enterprise ecology; then the thesis states the relationship among the several kinds of mode.
Fifthly, the thesis, on the basis of previous study, combining the visual angle of its researching questions, selects the index, and structures five indicator system including the invest index of enterprise ecology, the economic benefits index of enterprise ecology, the resource benefit index, the environmental benefit index and the social benefit index, and 26 evaluation system of state index. Meanwhile, the thesis structures the grey clusters with fixed weights and confirms the weight model through the level analytic approach, these two kinds of models are combined to make the development level evaluation of enterprise ecology. This thesis makes empirical research of Harbin Limin agricultural and chemical technology limited company's ecological practice, on one hand, it proves the correctness of index system and model in the thesis, on the other hand, it finds out the advantages and disadvantages of the ecological practice of Harbin Limin agricultural and chemical technology limited company, and guides the company to get further development ecological practice.
Finally, the thesis structures the enterprise's ecological development countermeasure of our country for the enterprise ecological system, development model and evaluation index system. The interior countermeasure includes the supply chain of enterprise ecology, advancing the enterprise clean production and perfecting the innovative system of enterprise ecology. The exterior countermeasure includes perfecting the theoretical system of enterprise ecology, structuring the policy supporting system of enterprise ecology, establishing the institutional system of enterprise ecology, perfecting the matching service system of enterprise ecology and setting up the public participating mechanism.
引文
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