高科技企业生态系统运行机制的研究
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摘要
目前我国高科技企业生态系统运行机制中存在着诸如管理部门分割,缺乏有效的协调机制;重大战略性技术研发和产业化的机制缺失;国内资本市场不完善,融资渠道单一,缺乏支持企业自主创新的金融环境等问题。
我国企业生态系统的研究历史较短,特别是对于高科技企业生态系统的发展和演进的研究,不少研究只是简单重复国外理论,自身创新很少。借鉴国外的经验,发掘高科技企业生态系统的成长轨迹与演进机理,对促进现有高科技企业生态系统层次提升、促进系统持续成长、提高发展中国家高科技企业生态系统的成长与发展具有重要意义。对高科技企业生态系统现象及其形成演进规律的探索,特别是运用生态学的相关理论进行研究,可以拓展经济学对高科技企业生态系统的解释,丰富产业组织理论空间,完善高科技企业生态系统发展的理论体系。
本文立足于高科技企业生态系统所表现出的系统复杂性,借鉴系统动力学、博弈论和灰色系统理论等领域的研究成果,对高科技企业生态系统的内涵、高科技企业生态系统运行机制的构成、高科技企业生态系统健康运行的评价等各方面进行了研究,以期对解决我国高科技企业生态系统发展中遇到的问题有所借鉴。
本文首先对国内外学者相关理论研究现状进行了梳理,指出高科技企业生态系统是一个典型的复杂系统,然后介绍了高科技企业生态系统的基本理论,为本文的后续研究搭建基本的理论框架。本文提出了高科技企业生态系统运行机制的构成。深入分析了高科技企业生态系统的资源供给机制与催化与需求机制、高科技企业生态系统协调机制,包括高科技企业生态系统知识共享机制、高科技企业生态系统合作信任机制、高科技企业生态系统利益分配机制、高科技企业生态系统治理机制。
本研究认为在高科技企业生态系统中系统成员的利益分配机制是系统健康运行的关键,论文应用博弈理论中的Nash均衡及其合作改进研究了处于平等地位下的高科技企业生态系统中两企业合作进行知识创新的收益分配机制,并对创新系数及创新性成本进行了灵敏度分析。研究结果表明,采取合作策略不仅可以达到Pareto改进目的,抵制败德行为,还能更有效的巩固成员企业的合作关系,使系统向着良性方向发展,这对高科技企业生态系统实际运行中的相关战略及分配策略的制定具有一定借鉴意义。创新能力较为悬殊的企业之间采取平等合作策略在一定程度上影响创新能力强企业积极性的更大的发挥,说明在能力悬殊企业间进行合作还需要研究更有效的合作形式。在知识经济时代,高科技企业生态系统面临的核心挑战是随着系统形成和实施其战略决策而获得个人积极的和自愿的合作。当成员感到系统中的战略决策程序公平时,他们在信任和承诺态度的基础上显示出高度的自愿合作。相反地,当他们觉得程序不公平时,他们就用隐藏思想、拖延构思来拒绝合作。
本文对高科技企业生态系统的自组织演化机制进行了分析。高科技企业生态系统复杂性的集中表现就是该系统的自组织演化,首先对高科技企业生态系统自组织演化的基本规律进行了描述,然后应用系统动力学的方法和基本原理,对高科技企业生态系统的自组织演化过程进行了因果反馈关系分析,以Kolmogorov模型和Lotka-Volterra模型为基础,建立了由多个企业主体组成的协同竞争系统自组织演化的Logistic动力学模型,并以包含两个高科技企业主体的系统为基础,对模型的结构和稳定性进行了分析,最后对不同情况下两个高科技企业主体的自组织演化结果进行了系统仿真,并对结果的产生原因进行了分析,得出了相应的重要结论。
本文最后对高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况进行模糊综合评价,分析了高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况评价的必要性,提出了高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况评价指标体系,以模糊数学为基础,结合实例对高科技企业生态系统运行机制的健康状况进行了评价。文中所建立的方法对于把握高科技企业生态系统的健康运行规律具有一定意义。
Problems exist in operating mechanism of China's high-tech enterprise ecosystem currently, such as partition of management, lacking of effective coordinated mechanism, scarcity in major strategic technology development and in mechanism of industrialization. Besides, the problems also include imperfection of domestic capital market, financing channels being too single and short of proper financial environment to support for business innovation.
With a relatively short history of research for enterprise ecosystem, especially for development and evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem, many China’s study simply repeating oversea theory but with little innovation. It is significant to learn from foreign experience and explore growth track and mechanism of evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in promoting the level and continuous growth of existing high-tech enterprise ecosystem, and in developing countries. The exploration, in the phenomenon and rule of formation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem, especially with ecological theory can expand the study of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in economics , to enrich industrial organization theory and improving the theoretical system in the development of high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
Based on the complexity revealed by the high-tech enterprise ecosystem, this paper refers to the research findings of systems dynamics, game theory and gray system theory, aiming to research the fields in connotation, operating mechanism and assessment of the sound operation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. We are with an expectation that this paper has the value to solve problems may encountered in China's high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
This thesis first introduces status quo in theoretical research related to domestic and foreign scholars, pointing out that high-tech enterprise ecosystem is a typical complex system. After that, basic theory presented aims to build the basic theoretical framework of follow-up study of this paper.
Constitution of operational mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem is put forward in this paper. It deeply analyzes mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem including supply and demand of resource and catalytic mechanism and coordination mechanisms. And it further maintains knowledge-sharing mechanism, cooperating-credit mechanism, benefit distribution mechanism and governance mechanism.
This study suggests that the distribution mechanism of benefit among members is a decisive factor to the sound operation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. As a result, focusing on the application of Nash equilibrium and its co-operation in game theory, this paper studies distribution of knowledge and innovation benefit mechanism of two cooperated enterprises of equally status in high-tech enterprise ecosystem. This paper has a further sensitivity analysis in index and cost of innovation.
It is revealed in the research that adoption of a cooperative strategy can not only achieve the aim of improvement of Pareto to resist the moral hazard, but also more effectively consolidate the cooperation between members in enterprises, allowing the system to develop towards the positive direction, which is useful to make the relevant strategy and distribution strategy during practice of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in a certain extension. Adopting the equal cooperation strategy between businesses with wide gap between their ability of innovation can reduce the enthusiasm of business with higher ability, meaning more effective forms of cooperation between these businesses are still needed. In the era of knowledge economy, core challenge faced by high-tech enterprise ecosystem is voluntary and active cooperation between individuals accessed by formation and implementation of strategic decision-making of the system. When the members feel that the procedures of system's strategic decision-making are fair, their attitude shows a high degree of voluntary co-operation in the basis of trust and commitment. On the contrary, when they perceive that the process unfair, they refuse to cooperate by hiding and delaying idea.
This thesis analyzes the evolution mechanism of self-organizing of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. The complexity of High-tech enterprise ecosystem system concentrates the self-organization of the system evolution. Firstly, this paper describes the basic law of evolution of self-organization on high-tech enterprise ecosystems. And then, with the application of methodology and the basic principles of system dynamics, it analyzes cause and effect feedback relationship of self-organizing process in evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. Based on the Kolmogorov model and the Lotka-Volterra model, it establishes Logistic dynamic model of self-organizing evolution of collaborative and competitive systems composed by a number of enterprises. Moreover, it studies the structure and stability of the model based on the system consists two main high-tech enterprises. Finally, this paper, under the system simulation of self-organizing evolution of two main high-tech enterprises within different circumstances, analyses the cause of results and to draw the important conclusions accordingly.
With the fuzzy evaluation of health status of operating mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem and an analysis of its necessity, this paper finally puts forward the index of evaluation, and based on fuzzy mathematics, evaluating health status with examples. The method established in the article has the certain significance to understand the healthy operation rules of high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
我国企业生态系统的研究历史较短,特别是对于高科技企业生态系统的发展和演进的研究,不少研究只是简单重复国外理论,自身创新很少。借鉴国外的经验,发掘高科技企业生态系统的成长轨迹与演进机理,对促进现有高科技企业生态系统层次提升、促进系统持续成长、提高发展中国家高科技企业生态系统的成长与发展具有重要意义。对高科技企业生态系统现象及其形成演进规律的探索,特别是运用生态学的相关理论进行研究,可以拓展经济学对高科技企业生态系统的解释,丰富产业组织理论空间,完善高科技企业生态系统发展的理论体系。
本文立足于高科技企业生态系统所表现出的系统复杂性,借鉴系统动力学、博弈论和灰色系统理论等领域的研究成果,对高科技企业生态系统的内涵、高科技企业生态系统运行机制的构成、高科技企业生态系统健康运行的评价等各方面进行了研究,以期对解决我国高科技企业生态系统发展中遇到的问题有所借鉴。
本文首先对国内外学者相关理论研究现状进行了梳理,指出高科技企业生态系统是一个典型的复杂系统,然后介绍了高科技企业生态系统的基本理论,为本文的后续研究搭建基本的理论框架。本文提出了高科技企业生态系统运行机制的构成。深入分析了高科技企业生态系统的资源供给机制与催化与需求机制、高科技企业生态系统协调机制,包括高科技企业生态系统知识共享机制、高科技企业生态系统合作信任机制、高科技企业生态系统利益分配机制、高科技企业生态系统治理机制。
本研究认为在高科技企业生态系统中系统成员的利益分配机制是系统健康运行的关键,论文应用博弈理论中的Nash均衡及其合作改进研究了处于平等地位下的高科技企业生态系统中两企业合作进行知识创新的收益分配机制,并对创新系数及创新性成本进行了灵敏度分析。研究结果表明,采取合作策略不仅可以达到Pareto改进目的,抵制败德行为,还能更有效的巩固成员企业的合作关系,使系统向着良性方向发展,这对高科技企业生态系统实际运行中的相关战略及分配策略的制定具有一定借鉴意义。创新能力较为悬殊的企业之间采取平等合作策略在一定程度上影响创新能力强企业积极性的更大的发挥,说明在能力悬殊企业间进行合作还需要研究更有效的合作形式。在知识经济时代,高科技企业生态系统面临的核心挑战是随着系统形成和实施其战略决策而获得个人积极的和自愿的合作。当成员感到系统中的战略决策程序公平时,他们在信任和承诺态度的基础上显示出高度的自愿合作。相反地,当他们觉得程序不公平时,他们就用隐藏思想、拖延构思来拒绝合作。
本文对高科技企业生态系统的自组织演化机制进行了分析。高科技企业生态系统复杂性的集中表现就是该系统的自组织演化,首先对高科技企业生态系统自组织演化的基本规律进行了描述,然后应用系统动力学的方法和基本原理,对高科技企业生态系统的自组织演化过程进行了因果反馈关系分析,以Kolmogorov模型和Lotka-Volterra模型为基础,建立了由多个企业主体组成的协同竞争系统自组织演化的Logistic动力学模型,并以包含两个高科技企业主体的系统为基础,对模型的结构和稳定性进行了分析,最后对不同情况下两个高科技企业主体的自组织演化结果进行了系统仿真,并对结果的产生原因进行了分析,得出了相应的重要结论。
本文最后对高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况进行模糊综合评价,分析了高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况评价的必要性,提出了高科技企业生态系统运行机制健康状况评价指标体系,以模糊数学为基础,结合实例对高科技企业生态系统运行机制的健康状况进行了评价。文中所建立的方法对于把握高科技企业生态系统的健康运行规律具有一定意义。
Problems exist in operating mechanism of China's high-tech enterprise ecosystem currently, such as partition of management, lacking of effective coordinated mechanism, scarcity in major strategic technology development and in mechanism of industrialization. Besides, the problems also include imperfection of domestic capital market, financing channels being too single and short of proper financial environment to support for business innovation.
With a relatively short history of research for enterprise ecosystem, especially for development and evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem, many China’s study simply repeating oversea theory but with little innovation. It is significant to learn from foreign experience and explore growth track and mechanism of evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in promoting the level and continuous growth of existing high-tech enterprise ecosystem, and in developing countries. The exploration, in the phenomenon and rule of formation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem, especially with ecological theory can expand the study of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in economics , to enrich industrial organization theory and improving the theoretical system in the development of high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
Based on the complexity revealed by the high-tech enterprise ecosystem, this paper refers to the research findings of systems dynamics, game theory and gray system theory, aiming to research the fields in connotation, operating mechanism and assessment of the sound operation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. We are with an expectation that this paper has the value to solve problems may encountered in China's high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
This thesis first introduces status quo in theoretical research related to domestic and foreign scholars, pointing out that high-tech enterprise ecosystem is a typical complex system. After that, basic theory presented aims to build the basic theoretical framework of follow-up study of this paper.
Constitution of operational mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem is put forward in this paper. It deeply analyzes mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem including supply and demand of resource and catalytic mechanism and coordination mechanisms. And it further maintains knowledge-sharing mechanism, cooperating-credit mechanism, benefit distribution mechanism and governance mechanism.
This study suggests that the distribution mechanism of benefit among members is a decisive factor to the sound operation of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. As a result, focusing on the application of Nash equilibrium and its co-operation in game theory, this paper studies distribution of knowledge and innovation benefit mechanism of two cooperated enterprises of equally status in high-tech enterprise ecosystem. This paper has a further sensitivity analysis in index and cost of innovation.
It is revealed in the research that adoption of a cooperative strategy can not only achieve the aim of improvement of Pareto to resist the moral hazard, but also more effectively consolidate the cooperation between members in enterprises, allowing the system to develop towards the positive direction, which is useful to make the relevant strategy and distribution strategy during practice of high-tech enterprise ecosystem in a certain extension. Adopting the equal cooperation strategy between businesses with wide gap between their ability of innovation can reduce the enthusiasm of business with higher ability, meaning more effective forms of cooperation between these businesses are still needed. In the era of knowledge economy, core challenge faced by high-tech enterprise ecosystem is voluntary and active cooperation between individuals accessed by formation and implementation of strategic decision-making of the system. When the members feel that the procedures of system's strategic decision-making are fair, their attitude shows a high degree of voluntary co-operation in the basis of trust and commitment. On the contrary, when they perceive that the process unfair, they refuse to cooperate by hiding and delaying idea.
This thesis analyzes the evolution mechanism of self-organizing of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. The complexity of High-tech enterprise ecosystem system concentrates the self-organization of the system evolution. Firstly, this paper describes the basic law of evolution of self-organization on high-tech enterprise ecosystems. And then, with the application of methodology and the basic principles of system dynamics, it analyzes cause and effect feedback relationship of self-organizing process in evolution of high-tech enterprise ecosystem. Based on the Kolmogorov model and the Lotka-Volterra model, it establishes Logistic dynamic model of self-organizing evolution of collaborative and competitive systems composed by a number of enterprises. Moreover, it studies the structure and stability of the model based on the system consists two main high-tech enterprises. Finally, this paper, under the system simulation of self-organizing evolution of two main high-tech enterprises within different circumstances, analyses the cause of results and to draw the important conclusions accordingly.
With the fuzzy evaluation of health status of operating mechanism of high-tech enterprise ecosystem and an analysis of its necessity, this paper finally puts forward the index of evaluation, and based on fuzzy mathematics, evaluating health status with examples. The method established in the article has the certain significance to understand the healthy operation rules of high-tech enterprise ecosystem.
引文
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