敏捷供应链管理中几个决策问题的研究
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摘要
近十年来，全球市场环境发生了重大的变化：全球化市场形成，客户需求更为苛求，对符合质量、可靠性和环境标准的多样性产品的需求增大，新产品开发过程加快，市场竞争日益激烈，企业面对一个更加动态和不确定性的市场环境。今天，企业面临的挑战是要寻找新的运营方法，以达到更加柔性、可靠和快速的反应。敏捷供应链技术的出现，为制造企业充分利用全球资源、快速响应市场需求、提高竞争能力等提供了新的途径。
本文结合国家863课题，围绕敏捷供应链管理过程中的几个决策问题，对决策体系框架、合作关系对策、风险决策与控制机制、利益分配策略、绩效评价与决策等进行了深入研究。
在第一章，回顾了先进制造技术与管理模式的发展，阐明了敏捷供应链产生的原因。分析了目前国内外敏捷供应链管理中相关决策问题的研究现状和存在的不足，阐述了研究的必要性，提出了本文研究的方向，给出了本文的主要研究内容和论文的结构。
为了支持敏捷供应链中分布企业间的信息共享和集成，使得对外部激烈变化的市场环境反应更为敏捷并具有充分的柔性，确保整个敏捷供应链的协同生产过程稳定进行，合适的决策支持系统起到了至关重要的作用。第二章首先分析了敏捷供应链中决策活动的特点，给出了敏捷供应链管理中决策信息的概念模型，建立了敏捷供应链协同决策体系框架。研究了MAS在敏捷供应链协同决策体系中的应用并给出了其组成与设计方法。研究了基于OLAP的分布决策信息获取与分析机制，建立了基于Web的分布式敏捷供应链数据仓库系统以及基于MAS技术的系统维护方案。最后，提出了基于MAS和数据仓库技术的敏捷供应链决策支持系统体系结构框架。
敏捷供应链管理强调企业间的合作与协同，企业间稳定的合作关系是敏捷供应链管理的基础。本文在第三章中着重研究了敏捷供应链合作关系建立过程中的合作关系对策问题，试图从信息经济学和博弈论的视角来深入剖析敏捷供应链企业间的合作关系。给出敏捷供应链企业间合作关系的定义，分析并给出了敏捷供应链合作关系管理过程模型和合作关系建立过程中的行为对策。研究了敏捷供应链管理中企业之间的合作博弈问题，建立了合作关系建立过程中的拍卖模型和协商谈判模型。研究了敏捷供应链合作关系中的约束机制，建立了基于委托—代理理论的敏捷供应链合作关系模型。
合作伙伴间公平合理的风险分担与利益共享机制有助于敏捷供应链运营绩效和整体效益的提高，但潜在的风险和不确定性对敏捷供应链的正常稳定运营构成威胁。在第四章中分析了敏捷供应链运营过程中存在的不确定性和风险，给出了敏捷供应链中风险类型和风险管理的内容。重点研究了敏捷供应链管理中三个主要的风险决策问题，即以交货期为中心的风险决策、敏捷供应链中产量风险决策问题和敏捷供应链中基于Portfolio理论的组合风险决策方法。研究了基于知识的敏捷供应链风险控制机制，给出了敏捷供应链中风险控制过程模型和基于Web和WfMS的风险控制系统框架。
在论文第五章关于敏捷供应链管理中利益分配问题的讨论与研究中，分析并给出了敏捷供应链中利益分配的三种基本模式。分析了敏捷供应链中影响利益分配的主要因素，提出了基于贡献和风险共担的利益分配策略，并建立了敏捷供应链利益分配系统的体系结构。深入
浙江大学博士学位论文
研究了基于委托一代理理论的敏捷供应链最优激励方案的设计问题，并得出了重要结论。
为有利于管理者进行有效的决策分析并获得更大的整体竞争优势，有必要对敏捷供应链
运营绩效进行评价。本文在第六章研究了敏捷供应链绩效评价特点，给出了敏捷供应链绩效
评价过程中应遵循的原则。研究了敏捷供应链绩效评价指标体系的结构，并建立了用于敏捷
供应链战略层决策的整体绩效评价指标体系。讨论了敏捷供应链绩效评价标准问题，研究并
分析了Benchrnarking与Scorecard方法在敏捷供应链绩效评价过程中的应用，建立了基于
Benchmarking的敏捷供应链绩效评价过程框架结构。针对敏捷供应链绩效评价中复杂、多
层的评价指标体系，提出了基于模糊综合评价法的敏捷供应链绩效综合评价方法。
第七章对全文进行了总结，对今后的研究进行了展望。
During the last decade, the world has changed from being a market place with several large, almost independent markets, to a highly integrated global market demanding a large variety of products, complying with high quality, reliability and environmental standards. Moreover, today's more demanding customers, the fast development of new products and the increasing competitiveness of the market players have turned the market into a highly dynamic environment. Therefore, the challenge of today's enterprises is to find novel ways to run their businesses to become more flexible, reliable, and responsive. Agile supply chain has emerged as a technology that provides more accurate allocation of costs to products or activities by their usage of company resources.
In this dissertation, we focus on several important decision problems in agile supply chain management, combined with the project sponsored by the national 863 programs. This dissertation is mainly concerned with several critical decision making problems including cooperative decision-making framework, inter-organizational relationship strategy, risk management and risk control mechanism, profit allocation policy and performance measurement method in agile supply chain management.
In chapter 1, the development and characteristics of advanced manufacturing technologies and management mode are reviewed and the inevitability of research on agile supply chain is analyzed. The decision-making problems in agile supply chain management are discussed in detail; the research necessity about them and the objective of this dissertation is then pointed out. The research frame is presented after the state of the art and research status in related agile supply chain decision-making problems are reviewed.
Chapter 2 deals with the information integrated and sharing problems in the distributed operation environment of agile supply chain. Firstly, the characteristics of decision activities in agile supply chain management are analyzed. The agent and its organization structure, as well as the communication mechanics between agents are studied in depth. The application, constitution and design method of multi-agent system in agile supply chain cooperative decision-making framework are illuminated. The architecture of data warehouse linked with OLAP in agile supply chain decision-making environment is discussed. The design, implementation and maintenance schemes for data warehouse are proposed and a web-based data warehouse framework is presented. In the end, a conceptual DSS architecture model based on multi-agent system and data warehouse for agile supply chain management is shown.
Agile supply chain management is required to put more emphases on inter-organizational cooperation and collaboration. The inter-organizational cooperative relationship strategy in partnership decision-making is studied in chapter 3. To address this problem, this dissertation provides an in-depth study of information economics and game theory. The definition and classification of inter-organizational relationship are discussed firstly. The behavior policies under different conditions in the process of establishing the relationship are analyzed, and the coordinative negotiation models are established. An auction theoretic model for coordination using a game-theoretical approach is also proposed. Moreover, the inter-organizational cooperative relationship in agile supply chain is abstracted as principal-agent relation, and a cooperative
relationship model is introduced by adopting the principal-agent theory.
Reasonable mechanics of benefit sharing and risk allocation between partners is helpful for enhancing the performance and efficiency in agile supply chain operation. Unfortunately, the potential risk and uncertainty is vital to operation in agile supply chain environment. In chapter 4, the risk and uncertainty occurring in agile supply chain operation process are analyzed firstly, and the content of risk management is proposed. Three risk concerned decision questions in agile supply chai
本文结合国家863课题，围绕敏捷供应链管理过程中的几个决策问题，对决策体系框架、合作关系对策、风险决策与控制机制、利益分配策略、绩效评价与决策等进行了深入研究。
在第一章，回顾了先进制造技术与管理模式的发展，阐明了敏捷供应链产生的原因。分析了目前国内外敏捷供应链管理中相关决策问题的研究现状和存在的不足，阐述了研究的必要性，提出了本文研究的方向，给出了本文的主要研究内容和论文的结构。
为了支持敏捷供应链中分布企业间的信息共享和集成，使得对外部激烈变化的市场环境反应更为敏捷并具有充分的柔性，确保整个敏捷供应链的协同生产过程稳定进行，合适的决策支持系统起到了至关重要的作用。第二章首先分析了敏捷供应链中决策活动的特点，给出了敏捷供应链管理中决策信息的概念模型，建立了敏捷供应链协同决策体系框架。研究了MAS在敏捷供应链协同决策体系中的应用并给出了其组成与设计方法。研究了基于OLAP的分布决策信息获取与分析机制，建立了基于Web的分布式敏捷供应链数据仓库系统以及基于MAS技术的系统维护方案。最后，提出了基于MAS和数据仓库技术的敏捷供应链决策支持系统体系结构框架。
敏捷供应链管理强调企业间的合作与协同，企业间稳定的合作关系是敏捷供应链管理的基础。本文在第三章中着重研究了敏捷供应链合作关系建立过程中的合作关系对策问题，试图从信息经济学和博弈论的视角来深入剖析敏捷供应链企业间的合作关系。给出敏捷供应链企业间合作关系的定义，分析并给出了敏捷供应链合作关系管理过程模型和合作关系建立过程中的行为对策。研究了敏捷供应链管理中企业之间的合作博弈问题，建立了合作关系建立过程中的拍卖模型和协商谈判模型。研究了敏捷供应链合作关系中的约束机制，建立了基于委托—代理理论的敏捷供应链合作关系模型。
合作伙伴间公平合理的风险分担与利益共享机制有助于敏捷供应链运营绩效和整体效益的提高，但潜在的风险和不确定性对敏捷供应链的正常稳定运营构成威胁。在第四章中分析了敏捷供应链运营过程中存在的不确定性和风险，给出了敏捷供应链中风险类型和风险管理的内容。重点研究了敏捷供应链管理中三个主要的风险决策问题，即以交货期为中心的风险决策、敏捷供应链中产量风险决策问题和敏捷供应链中基于Portfolio理论的组合风险决策方法。研究了基于知识的敏捷供应链风险控制机制，给出了敏捷供应链中风险控制过程模型和基于Web和WfMS的风险控制系统框架。
在论文第五章关于敏捷供应链管理中利益分配问题的讨论与研究中，分析并给出了敏捷供应链中利益分配的三种基本模式。分析了敏捷供应链中影响利益分配的主要因素，提出了基于贡献和风险共担的利益分配策略，并建立了敏捷供应链利益分配系统的体系结构。深入
浙江大学博士学位论文
研究了基于委托一代理理论的敏捷供应链最优激励方案的设计问题，并得出了重要结论。
为有利于管理者进行有效的决策分析并获得更大的整体竞争优势，有必要对敏捷供应链
运营绩效进行评价。本文在第六章研究了敏捷供应链绩效评价特点，给出了敏捷供应链绩效
评价过程中应遵循的原则。研究了敏捷供应链绩效评价指标体系的结构，并建立了用于敏捷
供应链战略层决策的整体绩效评价指标体系。讨论了敏捷供应链绩效评价标准问题，研究并
分析了Benchrnarking与Scorecard方法在敏捷供应链绩效评价过程中的应用，建立了基于
Benchmarking的敏捷供应链绩效评价过程框架结构。针对敏捷供应链绩效评价中复杂、多
层的评价指标体系，提出了基于模糊综合评价法的敏捷供应链绩效综合评价方法。
第七章对全文进行了总结，对今后的研究进行了展望。
During the last decade, the world has changed from being a market place with several large, almost independent markets, to a highly integrated global market demanding a large variety of products, complying with high quality, reliability and environmental standards. Moreover, today's more demanding customers, the fast development of new products and the increasing competitiveness of the market players have turned the market into a highly dynamic environment. Therefore, the challenge of today's enterprises is to find novel ways to run their businesses to become more flexible, reliable, and responsive. Agile supply chain has emerged as a technology that provides more accurate allocation of costs to products or activities by their usage of company resources.
In this dissertation, we focus on several important decision problems in agile supply chain management, combined with the project sponsored by the national 863 programs. This dissertation is mainly concerned with several critical decision making problems including cooperative decision-making framework, inter-organizational relationship strategy, risk management and risk control mechanism, profit allocation policy and performance measurement method in agile supply chain management.
In chapter 1, the development and characteristics of advanced manufacturing technologies and management mode are reviewed and the inevitability of research on agile supply chain is analyzed. The decision-making problems in agile supply chain management are discussed in detail; the research necessity about them and the objective of this dissertation is then pointed out. The research frame is presented after the state of the art and research status in related agile supply chain decision-making problems are reviewed.
Chapter 2 deals with the information integrated and sharing problems in the distributed operation environment of agile supply chain. Firstly, the characteristics of decision activities in agile supply chain management are analyzed. The agent and its organization structure, as well as the communication mechanics between agents are studied in depth. The application, constitution and design method of multi-agent system in agile supply chain cooperative decision-making framework are illuminated. The architecture of data warehouse linked with OLAP in agile supply chain decision-making environment is discussed. The design, implementation and maintenance schemes for data warehouse are proposed and a web-based data warehouse framework is presented. In the end, a conceptual DSS architecture model based on multi-agent system and data warehouse for agile supply chain management is shown.
Agile supply chain management is required to put more emphases on inter-organizational cooperation and collaboration. The inter-organizational cooperative relationship strategy in partnership decision-making is studied in chapter 3. To address this problem, this dissertation provides an in-depth study of information economics and game theory. The definition and classification of inter-organizational relationship are discussed firstly. The behavior policies under different conditions in the process of establishing the relationship are analyzed, and the coordinative negotiation models are established. An auction theoretic model for coordination using a game-theoretical approach is also proposed. Moreover, the inter-organizational cooperative relationship in agile supply chain is abstracted as principal-agent relation, and a cooperative
relationship model is introduced by adopting the principal-agent theory.
Reasonable mechanics of benefit sharing and risk allocation between partners is helpful for enhancing the performance and efficiency in agile supply chain operation. Unfortunately, the potential risk and uncertainty is vital to operation in agile supply chain environment. In chapter 4, the risk and uncertainty occurring in agile supply chain operation process are analyzed firstly, and the content of risk management is proposed. Three risk concerned decision questions in agile supply chai
引文
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