后发区域经济追赶中的地理要素作用机制
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摘要
本文以人地关系理论、新经济增长理论和新经济地理学理论为支撑,试图构建在当前区域经济非均衡发展背景下后发区域经济追赶过程中地理要素作用机制的理论框架,并以三维地理要素的度量为基础,实证分析地理要素对经济追赶过程中的经济增长、经济趋同和产业集聚的作用模式,为后发区域突破传统经济追赶模式,形成以区域自生能力为驱动力的经济追赶机制提供理论依据。
首先,在梳理已有经济追赶、地理要素与经济关系等相关理论文献的基础上,构建追赶战略下后发区域的三维地理要素作用体系。自然地理环境为第一维地理要素,包含坡度、地形起伏度、水资源丰度、土地生产潜力；交通、区位、开放政策为第二维地理要素；人力资本和研发水平为第三维地理要素。通过评价模型的建立,对三维地理要素进行定量评估并分析其时空分异特征。
其次,通过对后发区域经济追赶过程中的追赶速度、规模、效率和产业结构的地理格局分异描述以及经济追赶行为的空间效应测度分析,发现追赶行为存在地理上的非均衡分布和空间上的显著相关性,并表现出一定的路径依赖特征。
再次,基于经济增长、经济趋同和产业集聚的不同视角,深入探讨了地理要素对经济追赶的作用机制,认为是三维地理要素的耦合作用引导了后发区域的经济追赶路径。第一维的自然地理环境对经济追赶起最基本的引导作用,是后发区域经济追赶的最初诱因；第二维的交通、区位和开放政策,其作用引导了地理环境对后发区域经济追赶的改变；第三维的人力资本和研发水平是经济追赶的内生动力,是促进经济追赶的本质诱因。在三维地理要素对经济追赶的作用过程中,不同研究视角、不同研究尺度下,各地理要素所发挥的作用是不同的,应对起主要作用的地理要素进行优化调控。
最后,根据上述研究结果,简要的提出了经济追赶中地理要素的优化调控对策,如因地制宜减缓地形因子的阻力作用,充分挖掘水土资源潜力；改善交通基础设施,发挥区位优势,扩大对外开放程度；加大教育投资力度,建立技术引进与研发创新相结合的研发体系。并且,总结了本文的主要结论,指出研究中的不足和进一步努力方向。
This paper, supported by the theories of man-land relationship, new economic growth and new economic geography, attempts to establish theoretical framework on the mechanism of geographic factors which impact on catch-up in late-developing region under the current background of non-balanced economic development. Additionally, based on the measurement for the three-dimensional geographical factors, we conducted empirical research focusing on patterns of geographic factors in catch-up process of economic diversity, convergence and industry agglomeration, which provides a theoretical basis for late-developing region to break the traditional economic catch-up patterns, and form a self-development capacity-driven mechanism for economic catch-up.
Firstly, the paper presents a three-dimensional geographic factors interaction system of the late-developing region under catch-up strategy, on the basis of the literature review of the economic catch-up theory, geographic factors and economic relations. Natural geographical environment, as the first geographic factor, contains slope, relief of topography, abundance of water resource, and land potential capacity. Moreover, traffic, location and open-policy take as the second geographic factor while human capital and R&D level as the third geographic factor. So roles of the three-dimensional geographic factors were quantitatively assessed and their spatial and temporal variations were analyzed through modeling.
Secondly, due to the description of the variation geographical patterns in the catch-up speed, scale, efficiency, and industrial structure, as well as to the spatial effect measurement of the catch-up behavior, the author found economic catch-up behavior existed uneven geographical distribution and significant spatial dependence, and shows certain characteristics of path dependence.
Thirdly, based on different perspectives of economic growth, convergence and industry agglomeration, this paper takes further discussion to the mechanism geographical factors of economic catch-up, and then takes the conclusion that coupling action of the three-dimensional geographical factors leads to the economic catch-up path in the late-developing regions. Natural and geographical factors, as the initial incentive for regional economic catch-up, plays the basic guidance roles in the regional economic catch-up; the second dimension of the traffic, location and opening-up policy, take the role in the change of regional economic catch-up by the geographical environment; the third dimension of human capital and R&D level is the inherent power of economic catch-up, and the nature incentives to promote economic catch-up. In the progress of the economic catch-up from the three-dimensional geographical factors, we should have optimum control on the major geographical elements due to the different affects on each geographical element from different research perspectives and scales.
Finally, according to the above findings, the optimal control countermeasure of geographical factors in the economic catch-up is put forward briefly. Such as slow down the resistance of topography and excavate the potential of water and land resource according to the local conditions; improve transport infrastructure, take regional advantages, expand the degrees of openness; increase education investment and set up R&D system that combining technical introduction and innovative development. In addition, this paper summarized the main contents and conclusions, furthermore, it also proposed the shortages and suggestions for future study.
首先,在梳理已有经济追赶、地理要素与经济关系等相关理论文献的基础上,构建追赶战略下后发区域的三维地理要素作用体系。自然地理环境为第一维地理要素,包含坡度、地形起伏度、水资源丰度、土地生产潜力；交通、区位、开放政策为第二维地理要素；人力资本和研发水平为第三维地理要素。通过评价模型的建立,对三维地理要素进行定量评估并分析其时空分异特征。
其次,通过对后发区域经济追赶过程中的追赶速度、规模、效率和产业结构的地理格局分异描述以及经济追赶行为的空间效应测度分析,发现追赶行为存在地理上的非均衡分布和空间上的显著相关性,并表现出一定的路径依赖特征。
再次,基于经济增长、经济趋同和产业集聚的不同视角,深入探讨了地理要素对经济追赶的作用机制,认为是三维地理要素的耦合作用引导了后发区域的经济追赶路径。第一维的自然地理环境对经济追赶起最基本的引导作用,是后发区域经济追赶的最初诱因；第二维的交通、区位和开放政策,其作用引导了地理环境对后发区域经济追赶的改变；第三维的人力资本和研发水平是经济追赶的内生动力,是促进经济追赶的本质诱因。在三维地理要素对经济追赶的作用过程中,不同研究视角、不同研究尺度下,各地理要素所发挥的作用是不同的,应对起主要作用的地理要素进行优化调控。
最后,根据上述研究结果,简要的提出了经济追赶中地理要素的优化调控对策,如因地制宜减缓地形因子的阻力作用,充分挖掘水土资源潜力；改善交通基础设施,发挥区位优势,扩大对外开放程度；加大教育投资力度,建立技术引进与研发创新相结合的研发体系。并且,总结了本文的主要结论,指出研究中的不足和进一步努力方向。
This paper, supported by the theories of man-land relationship, new economic growth and new economic geography, attempts to establish theoretical framework on the mechanism of geographic factors which impact on catch-up in late-developing region under the current background of non-balanced economic development. Additionally, based on the measurement for the three-dimensional geographical factors, we conducted empirical research focusing on patterns of geographic factors in catch-up process of economic diversity, convergence and industry agglomeration, which provides a theoretical basis for late-developing region to break the traditional economic catch-up patterns, and form a self-development capacity-driven mechanism for economic catch-up.
Firstly, the paper presents a three-dimensional geographic factors interaction system of the late-developing region under catch-up strategy, on the basis of the literature review of the economic catch-up theory, geographic factors and economic relations. Natural geographical environment, as the first geographic factor, contains slope, relief of topography, abundance of water resource, and land potential capacity. Moreover, traffic, location and open-policy take as the second geographic factor while human capital and R&D level as the third geographic factor. So roles of the three-dimensional geographic factors were quantitatively assessed and their spatial and temporal variations were analyzed through modeling.
Secondly, due to the description of the variation geographical patterns in the catch-up speed, scale, efficiency, and industrial structure, as well as to the spatial effect measurement of the catch-up behavior, the author found economic catch-up behavior existed uneven geographical distribution and significant spatial dependence, and shows certain characteristics of path dependence.
Thirdly, based on different perspectives of economic growth, convergence and industry agglomeration, this paper takes further discussion to the mechanism geographical factors of economic catch-up, and then takes the conclusion that coupling action of the three-dimensional geographical factors leads to the economic catch-up path in the late-developing regions. Natural and geographical factors, as the initial incentive for regional economic catch-up, plays the basic guidance roles in the regional economic catch-up; the second dimension of the traffic, location and opening-up policy, take the role in the change of regional economic catch-up by the geographical environment; the third dimension of human capital and R&D level is the inherent power of economic catch-up, and the nature incentives to promote economic catch-up. In the progress of the economic catch-up from the three-dimensional geographical factors, we should have optimum control on the major geographical elements due to the different affects on each geographical element from different research perspectives and scales.
Finally, according to the above findings, the optimal control countermeasure of geographical factors in the economic catch-up is put forward briefly. Such as slow down the resistance of topography and excavate the potential of water and land resource according to the local conditions; improve transport infrastructure, take regional advantages, expand the degrees of openness; increase education investment and set up R&D system that combining technical introduction and innovative development. In addition, this paper summarized the main contents and conclusions, furthermore, it also proposed the shortages and suggestions for future study.
引文
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