CWM1模型在人工湿地水体修复及生活污水处理中的应用研究
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摘要
本论文在CWM1模型描述人工湿地污染物生化反应过程的基础上，引入潜流人工湿地中介质对颗粒态物质的过滤吸附作用、表面流人工湿地对颗粒物的沉淀作用及植物吸收同化作用对各组分反应速率的影响，建立了人工湿地污染物去除模型，并采用所建模型对渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程、高陵县通远镇镇域污水处理站表面流人工湿地及蓝田水陆湾度假村污水处理工程潜流人工湿地进行了污染物模拟分析，验证了所建模型的适用性。
本论文得出以下结论：
（1）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程进水COD浓度范围为71～280mg/L，BOD_5浓度范围为28～161mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为15～36mg/L；三级潜流出水COD浓度范围为16～47mg/L，BOD5浓度范围为2～4mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为2～8mg/L。整个潜流区COD去除率范围为77.1%～93.5%，BOD5去除率范围为92.7%～98.7%，氨氮去除率范围为66.7%～90%。
（2）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程二级表流出水COD浓度范围为36～75mg/L，BOD5浓度范围为5～12mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为6～15mg/L。整个表流区COD去除率范围为39.7%～85%，BOD_5去除率范围为78.6%～94.9%，氨氮去除率范围为44.4%～66.7%。
（3）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程试验植物为芦苇、芭茅及香蒲，试验结果表明，芦苇及香蒲生长情况良好，而芭茅不适合作为此环境中的湿地植物。待湿地系统取消管理后，全部被本土植物所覆盖。
（4）CWM1模型主要描述了微生物的生物动力学过程，本文在CWM1模型理论的基础上，考虑潜流人工湿地中基质过滤吸附作用和植物吸收同化作用、表面流人工湿地中颗粒物的沉淀作用和植物对污染物去除率的影响，建立人工湿地污染物去除模型对三级潜流人工湿地及二级表面流人工湿地污染物去除效果进行模拟，可以取得比较可信的模拟结果。
（5）对高陵县通远镇镇域污水处理工程及蓝田水陆湾度假村污水处理工程，利用改进的CWM1模型进行动态模拟分析，模拟结果与实测值基本吻合，蓝田水陆湾度假村污水处理工程模拟结果好于高陵县通远镇镇域污水处理工程。
论文通过试验研究、模型研究及理论分析，得到了以下具有创新性的研究成果：
（1）以渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程为研究对象，按照CWM1模型水质参数的测定方法对氵皂河水质中各组分进行了界定。
（2）在CWM1模型理论的基础上，考虑潜流人工湿地中基质过滤吸附作用、表面流人工湿地中颗粒物的沉淀作用对污染物去除率的影响和植物吸收同化作用对各组分反应速率的影响等因素，建立了人工湿地污染物去除模型。
（3）采用改进的CWM1模型对渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程及生活污水处理工程污染物去除效果进行模拟，并对模型进行参数律定，取得了与实测结果比较吻合的结果。
In this paper, the Constructed Wetland Model No(CWM1) was employed to describe thebiochemical reaction for pollutants in constructed wetlands. On this basis, the filtration and adsorption of mediums on particles in subsurface flow constructed wetlands, the sedimentationof particles in surface flow constructed wetlands and the assimilation of plants were considered for the impacts on reaction rates of each component. As a result, a model for pollutants removal with constructed wetlands was built up, which was then adopted to a small scale water improvement project for Weihe River in Xi’an Section, a surface flow constructed wetland of sewage treatment station in Tongyuan Town, Gaoling County as well as a subsurface flow constructed wetland for sewage treatment project of Shuilu Bay Resort in Lantian. The simulated analyses of pollutants at these points were conducted and the adaptability of the model was verified.
The following conclusions were drawn:
(1) The influent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD),5-day biologicaloxygen demand (BOD_5) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_4~+-N) of the in-site experiments were71~280mg/L,28~161mg/L and15~36mg/L respectively. The effluent COD, BOD5andNH4+-N concentrations of the three-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland were16～47mg/L,2~4mg/L and2~8mg/L respectively. Removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5andNH4+-N of the sub-surface flow constructed wetland were77.1%~93.5%,92.7%~98.7%and66.7%~90%respectively.
(2) The effluent COD, BOD_5and NH_4~+-N concentrations of the two-stage surface flowconstructed wetland were36～75mg/L,5~12mg/L and6~15mg/L respectively. Removalefficiencies of COD, BOD_5and NH4+-N of the surface flow constructed wetland were39.7%~85%,78.6%~94.9%and44.4%~66.7%respectively.
(3) Plants tested in the water quality improvement projects were reed, Miscanthusfloridulus (Labill.)Warb. and cattail. According to the in-site experiments, reed and cattailgrew well in constructed wetlands, and Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.)Warb. can not to be awetland plant in this environment. Constructed Wetlands was covered by native plants whenmanagement was stopped.
(4) CWM1mainly described the dynamic process of microbial growth. In this paper,taken the filtration and adsorption effects of the constructed wetland on substrates and plantsassimilation into consideration, the contamination removal model was constructed andapplied to the simulation of the contamination removals by the two-stage surface flowconstructed wetland and the three-stage flow constructed wetland.
(5) The improved CWM1was utilized to simulate the dynamic process of the twoconstructed wetlands located in Tongyuan town, Gaoling County and Shuiluwan resort,Lantian County respectively, and the simulation results were in accordance with those ofexperimental results basically. The simulation results of the model to the wastewater treatmentplant located in Shuiluwan resort, Lantian County was better than those of Tongyuan town,Gaoling County.
The following innovation results were obtained through experiments and theoreticalanalysis:
(1) The pollutants in the Weihe River along urban reaches of Xi’an were regarded as theobject of the study. According to the method suggested by the CWM1, the parameters ofwater quality in the Zaohe River were defined.
(2) On the basis of CWM1, taken the filtration and adsorption effects of the constructedwetland on substrates and plants assimilation into consideration, the contamination removalmodel for the constructed wetland was constructed.
(3) The improved CWM1was calibrated and utilized to simulate the operation of waterquality improvement projects and domestic wastewater treatment projects， and thesimulation results were in good accordance with those of experimental results.
本论文得出以下结论：
（1）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程进水COD浓度范围为71～280mg/L，BOD_5浓度范围为28～161mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为15～36mg/L；三级潜流出水COD浓度范围为16～47mg/L，BOD5浓度范围为2～4mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为2～8mg/L。整个潜流区COD去除率范围为77.1%～93.5%，BOD5去除率范围为92.7%～98.7%，氨氮去除率范围为66.7%～90%。
（2）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程二级表流出水COD浓度范围为36～75mg/L，BOD5浓度范围为5～12mg/L，氨氮浓度范围为6～15mg/L。整个表流区COD去除率范围为39.7%～85%，BOD_5去除率范围为78.6%～94.9%，氨氮去除率范围为44.4%～66.7%。
（3）渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程试验植物为芦苇、芭茅及香蒲，试验结果表明，芦苇及香蒲生长情况良好，而芭茅不适合作为此环境中的湿地植物。待湿地系统取消管理后，全部被本土植物所覆盖。
（4）CWM1模型主要描述了微生物的生物动力学过程，本文在CWM1模型理论的基础上，考虑潜流人工湿地中基质过滤吸附作用和植物吸收同化作用、表面流人工湿地中颗粒物的沉淀作用和植物对污染物去除率的影响，建立人工湿地污染物去除模型对三级潜流人工湿地及二级表面流人工湿地污染物去除效果进行模拟，可以取得比较可信的模拟结果。
（5）对高陵县通远镇镇域污水处理工程及蓝田水陆湾度假村污水处理工程，利用改进的CWM1模型进行动态模拟分析，模拟结果与实测值基本吻合，蓝田水陆湾度假村污水处理工程模拟结果好于高陵县通远镇镇域污水处理工程。
论文通过试验研究、模型研究及理论分析，得到了以下具有创新性的研究成果：
（1）以渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程为研究对象，按照CWM1模型水质参数的测定方法对氵皂河水质中各组分进行了界定。
（2）在CWM1模型理论的基础上，考虑潜流人工湿地中基质过滤吸附作用、表面流人工湿地中颗粒物的沉淀作用对污染物去除率的影响和植物吸收同化作用对各组分反应速率的影响等因素，建立了人工湿地污染物去除模型。
（3）采用改进的CWM1模型对渭河西安城市段水体改善项目小试工程及生活污水处理工程污染物去除效果进行模拟，并对模型进行参数律定，取得了与实测结果比较吻合的结果。
In this paper, the Constructed Wetland Model No(CWM1) was employed to describe thebiochemical reaction for pollutants in constructed wetlands. On this basis, the filtration and adsorption of mediums on particles in subsurface flow constructed wetlands, the sedimentationof particles in surface flow constructed wetlands and the assimilation of plants were considered for the impacts on reaction rates of each component. As a result, a model for pollutants removal with constructed wetlands was built up, which was then adopted to a small scale water improvement project for Weihe River in Xi’an Section, a surface flow constructed wetland of sewage treatment station in Tongyuan Town, Gaoling County as well as a subsurface flow constructed wetland for sewage treatment project of Shuilu Bay Resort in Lantian. The simulated analyses of pollutants at these points were conducted and the adaptability of the model was verified.
The following conclusions were drawn:
(1) The influent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD),5-day biologicaloxygen demand (BOD_5) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_4~+-N) of the in-site experiments were71~280mg/L,28~161mg/L and15~36mg/L respectively. The effluent COD, BOD5andNH4+-N concentrations of the three-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland were16～47mg/L,2~4mg/L and2~8mg/L respectively. Removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5andNH4+-N of the sub-surface flow constructed wetland were77.1%~93.5%,92.7%~98.7%and66.7%~90%respectively.
(2) The effluent COD, BOD_5and NH_4~+-N concentrations of the two-stage surface flowconstructed wetland were36～75mg/L,5~12mg/L and6~15mg/L respectively. Removalefficiencies of COD, BOD_5and NH4+-N of the surface flow constructed wetland were39.7%~85%,78.6%~94.9%and44.4%~66.7%respectively.
(3) Plants tested in the water quality improvement projects were reed, Miscanthusfloridulus (Labill.)Warb. and cattail. According to the in-site experiments, reed and cattailgrew well in constructed wetlands, and Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.)Warb. can not to be awetland plant in this environment. Constructed Wetlands was covered by native plants whenmanagement was stopped.
(4) CWM1mainly described the dynamic process of microbial growth. In this paper,taken the filtration and adsorption effects of the constructed wetland on substrates and plantsassimilation into consideration, the contamination removal model was constructed andapplied to the simulation of the contamination removals by the two-stage surface flowconstructed wetland and the three-stage flow constructed wetland.
(5) The improved CWM1was utilized to simulate the dynamic process of the twoconstructed wetlands located in Tongyuan town, Gaoling County and Shuiluwan resort,Lantian County respectively, and the simulation results were in accordance with those ofexperimental results basically. The simulation results of the model to the wastewater treatmentplant located in Shuiluwan resort, Lantian County was better than those of Tongyuan town,Gaoling County.
The following innovation results were obtained through experiments and theoreticalanalysis:
(1) The pollutants in the Weihe River along urban reaches of Xi’an were regarded as theobject of the study. According to the method suggested by the CWM1, the parameters ofwater quality in the Zaohe River were defined.
(2) On the basis of CWM1, taken the filtration and adsorption effects of the constructedwetland on substrates and plants assimilation into consideration, the contamination removalmodel for the constructed wetland was constructed.
(3) The improved CWM1was calibrated and utilized to simulate the operation of waterquality improvement projects and domestic wastewater treatment projects， and thesimulation results were in good accordance with those of experimental results.
引文
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