面向智能电网的可编程微机测控保护装置研究
|
摘要
随着电力体制的改革,用户对保护装置的继电功能需求呈现出-种个性化的趋势。研制继电保护逻辑可编程的微机测控保护装置,对电力行业和电力系统自动化装置生产厂家具有重要的研究意义和工程应用价值。
目前,微机保护装置设计大多只是针对某种具体的型号而进行的,其复用性差,在实际的运用中也遇到了诸多问题。针对这些问题,本文设计了一种继电保护逻辑可编程的微机测控保护装置,在设计过程中不但结合了已有的电力系统自动化工程中实践经验,同时考虑了电力系统的需求和电力系统自动化技术发展的趋势。论文内容围绕图形化程序编程软件平台、微机测控保护装置硬件、微机测控保护装置软件这三部分而展开
在图形化程序编程软件平台中编译模块的设计时,借鉴面向对象程序设计中类的思想,将继电保护程序源文件分成三部分。而逻辑图程序向语句表程序的转换过程分为三个步骤：首先抽象出逻辑图的有向无环图图论学关系；接着将有向无环图在分支顶点处进行拆分处理；最后通过遍历输出与逻辑图程序等价的语句表程序。
在测控保护,装置的硬件设计上,运用模块化的思想将测控保护装置硬件中功能相近的电路组合在一个插件中,各个模块之间以插件的形式组合在一起,以此组成整个测控保护装置。而在软件设计上,主要分成编程状态和运行状态进行叙述。还阐述了全波傅里叶算法及其在TMS320F2812上的实现方法。
最后通过将可编程保护装置配置成线路保护,以及相应的继电保护试验,验证了本文设计的保护装置已达到设计目标。
As the power system has been reformed,the relay functional requirements of protection device present a individualized trend. For power industry and several of manufacturer power system automation equipment, developing a set of measuring and protection device,the relay logic of which is programmable, has significant value in engineering research and application.
At present, microprocessor protection devices are designed mostly for a special type,they have poor reusability and have encountered many problems in practical application. To solve these problems, the paper design a relay logic programmable microprocessor measuring and protection device.In the design process,this paper not only combines the existing power system automation project experience, taking into account the needs of the power system and power system automation technology trends.The content of this paper is divided to three parts:the graphical program programming software platform;protection device hardware;protection device software.
With the reference to the idea of class in object-oriented programming,the programme source file of relay protection is divided into three parts,when the compile model of graphical program programming software platform is designed.The converting procession from logic diagram programme to STL(statement list)programme also has three steps as follows.Firstly,abstract the DAG(directed acyclic graph)from the logic diagram.Then resolve the DAG at its branch vertex.Output the STL programme which is equivalent to logic diagram programme through traversal.
In the hardware design of protection devices, modular thoughts are demanded to integrate functionnally similar circuits of the hardware in protection devices into one package. Various modules are combined together in the form of packages and therefore the whole protection device is built up. In the software design of protection devices, the paper illustrates its methods in two aspects respectively:programming state and running state.This paper also sets forth the Fourier Algorithm as well as the method to carry it out on TMS320F2812.
At the end of this paper,by configuring the programmable protection device to a line protection,and the corresponding relay test,it authenticate that the protection device has achieved the design objectives.
目前,微机保护装置设计大多只是针对某种具体的型号而进行的,其复用性差,在实际的运用中也遇到了诸多问题。针对这些问题,本文设计了一种继电保护逻辑可编程的微机测控保护装置,在设计过程中不但结合了已有的电力系统自动化工程中实践经验,同时考虑了电力系统的需求和电力系统自动化技术发展的趋势。论文内容围绕图形化程序编程软件平台、微机测控保护装置硬件、微机测控保护装置软件这三部分而展开
在图形化程序编程软件平台中编译模块的设计时,借鉴面向对象程序设计中类的思想,将继电保护程序源文件分成三部分。而逻辑图程序向语句表程序的转换过程分为三个步骤：首先抽象出逻辑图的有向无环图图论学关系；接着将有向无环图在分支顶点处进行拆分处理；最后通过遍历输出与逻辑图程序等价的语句表程序。
在测控保护,装置的硬件设计上,运用模块化的思想将测控保护装置硬件中功能相近的电路组合在一个插件中,各个模块之间以插件的形式组合在一起,以此组成整个测控保护装置。而在软件设计上,主要分成编程状态和运行状态进行叙述。还阐述了全波傅里叶算法及其在TMS320F2812上的实现方法。
最后通过将可编程保护装置配置成线路保护,以及相应的继电保护试验,验证了本文设计的保护装置已达到设计目标。
As the power system has been reformed,the relay functional requirements of protection device present a individualized trend. For power industry and several of manufacturer power system automation equipment, developing a set of measuring and protection device,the relay logic of which is programmable, has significant value in engineering research and application.
At present, microprocessor protection devices are designed mostly for a special type,they have poor reusability and have encountered many problems in practical application. To solve these problems, the paper design a relay logic programmable microprocessor measuring and protection device.In the design process,this paper not only combines the existing power system automation project experience, taking into account the needs of the power system and power system automation technology trends.The content of this paper is divided to three parts:the graphical program programming software platform;protection device hardware;protection device software.
With the reference to the idea of class in object-oriented programming,the programme source file of relay protection is divided into three parts,when the compile model of graphical program programming software platform is designed.The converting procession from logic diagram programme to STL(statement list)programme also has three steps as follows.Firstly,abstract the DAG(directed acyclic graph)from the logic diagram.Then resolve the DAG at its branch vertex.Output the STL programme which is equivalent to logic diagram programme through traversal.
In the hardware design of protection devices, modular thoughts are demanded to integrate functionnally similar circuits of the hardware in protection devices into one package. Various modules are combined together in the form of packages and therefore the whole protection device is built up. In the software design of protection devices, the paper illustrates its methods in two aspects respectively:programming state and running state.This paper also sets forth the Fourier Algorithm as well as the method to carry it out on TMS320F2812.
At the end of this paper,by configuring the programmable protection device to a line protection,and the corresponding relay test,it authenticate that the protection device has achieved the design objectives.
引文
[1]王萍.微机继电保护发展的历史现状及其趋势[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2006,(3)：103-105.
[2]Kirby R, Schwartz R. Microprocessor-based protective relays[J]. Industry Appl-ications Magazine,2009,15(5):43-50.
[3]魏巍,余群兵,陈刚.图形化控制算法组态在微机保护中的应用[J].江苏电机工程,2005,24(3)：28-30.
[4]赵志华.图形化编程与继电保护装置开发[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2)：70-72.
[5]王胜,王家华,兰金波.图形化保护的原理与实现[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2)：76-78.
[6]邓秋娥,杜奇壮,卢娟.可视化编程在微机保护中的实现[J].继电器,2008,36(3)：1-9.
[7]肖吉德,王文光.ABB全新保护测控产品家族Relion为智能电网打基石[J].电气技术,2009,(12)：5-6.
[8]李孝.继电保护通用逻辑开发平台设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[9]阎波.可编程逻辑在微机保护中的应用研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[10]陈曦婉.可编程保护装置系统软件的开发与研究论[D].南京：河海大学,2007.
[11]胡学浩.智能电网—未来电网的发展态势[J].电网技术,2009,33(14)：1-5.
[12]张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊,等.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：1-11.
[13]常康,薛峰,杨卫东.中国智能电网基本特征及其技术进展评述[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(17)：10-15.
[14]钟金,郑睿敏,杨卫红,等.建设信息时代的智能电网[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：12-18.
[15]熊小伏,陈星田,夏莹,等.面向智能电网的继电保护系统重构[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(17)：33-37.
[16]A P Apostolov&Vandiver. Functional testing of IEC 61850 based TEDs and systems[C]. Proceedings of 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference Exposition,2004:640-645.
[17]Gwan so Kim, Hong bee Lee. A study on IEC 61850 based communication for intelligen telectronic devices[C]. Science and Technology,2005. KORUS 2005. Proceedings.The 9th Russian-Korean International Symposium on,2005:765-770.
[18]Englert H,Dawidczak H. IEC 61850 substation to control center communication-Status and practical experiences from projects[J]. PowerTech,2009 IEEE Bucharest,2009,25(15):1-6.
[19]高翔.数字化变电站应用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[20]樊唯钦.数字化变电站的发展与应用[J].电网技术,2006,30(8)：97-100.
[21]杨奇逊,黄少锋.微型机继电保护基础(第三版)[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.
[22]程雷,郭伟,刘超君.嵌入式以太网在变电站自动化测控保护装置中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2005,21(10)：59-61.
[23]冯邦成,康积涛.以太网在变电站自动化系统中的应用前景[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(7)：62-65.
[24]Felser,Max. Real-time Ethernet-Industry prospective[J]. Industrial Communica-tion Systems,2005,15(8):1118-1129.
[25]工宁,梁志瑞,赵飞.双口RAM在双CPU交流电量同步采集系统中的应用[J]低压电器,2009,(15)：32-34.
[26叶乃文.面向对象程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[27]张云,尹秋帆.继电保护逻辑图振荡搜索和顺序化遍历的算法设计和优化[J].华东电力,2005,33(1)：16-19.
[28]琼.拓扑排序算法的拓展研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,(24)：75-76
[29]郑丽英.数据结构与算法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009.
[30]Graham M,Kennedy J. Exploring Multiple Trees through DAG Representati-ons[J]. Visualization and Computer Graphics,2007,13(6):1294-1301.
[31]Awerbuch B,Holmer D,Rubens H. Analysis of Multiple Trees on Path Discovery for Beacon-Based Routing Protocols[J]. Communications, Computers and Signal Processing,2007,22(24):25-29.
[32]杨奇逊,刘建飞,张涛,等.现代微机保护技术的发展与分析[J].电力设备,2003,4(5)：10-14.
[33]程宏波,王勋,伦利.容错控制技术及其在微机保护中的应用研究[J]电气应用,2007,26(9)：45-48.
[34]Fox G H. Applying microprocessor-based protective relays in switchgear with AC control power[C]. Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference,2005:277-284.
[35]陈华星.基于实时网络与DSP技术的电力系统自动化装置的研究[D].长沙： 中南大学,2007.
[36]Tae-Suk Kwon,Seon-Woo Lee,Seung-Ki Sul. Power Control Algorithm for Hybrid Excavator With Supercapacitor[J]. Industry Applications,2010,46(4): 1447-1455.
[37]Rufer A,Barrade P. A supercapacitor-based energy-storage system for elevators with soft commutated interface[J]. Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1151-1159.
[38]魏存良,熊志宏.微机保护防跳和断路器机构防跳的比较与选用[J].电工技术,2009,(10)：53-54.
[39]韩丰田TMS320F281X DSP原理及应用技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[40]于月平.交流采样量测量误差来源及解决方法[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(11)：118-121.
[41]周雪松,何彦民,马幼捷TMS320F2812在电力系统多通道同步交流采样中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2005,18(4)：39-41.
[42]庄皓岚,苏涛,曹飞龙.基于AVR的高效数控恒流恒压源设计[J].数字技术与应用,2009,(10)：21-24.
[43]Victorovich M Y. The influence of electromagnetic interference on microproce-ssor relay protection and automatics functioning safety[C]. Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,2009. EPQU 2009.10th International Conference on 2005:1-6.
[44]Montignies P, Jover B. Electromagnetic compatibility of digital protective relays installed in medium voltage switchgear[C]. Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe-Electrical and Instrumentation Applications,2008:1-11.
[45]袁文嘉,贺要锋,王来军.提高微机保护装置的抗干扰性和可靠性的措施探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(21)：131-133.
[46]彭红海,周有庆,王洪涛,等.微机保护装置抗干扰技术的研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(10)：49-53.
[47]秦晓辉.微机保护电磁兼容研究及变电站内电磁干扰的传播途径[D].北京：华北电力大学,2003.
[48]陈志雄.微机保护硬件平台可靠性设计研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2003
[49]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[50]三恒星科技TMS320F2812 DSP原理与应用实例[M].北京：：电子工业出版社,2009.
[51]Tao Zhu,Xiaorong Xie,Dakang Zhu. Generating Detailed Software Models of Microprocessor-Based Relays[J]. Power System Technology,2006,11(15):1-6.
[52]所旭,张萍.微机继电保护软件可靠性探讨[J].继电器,2004,32(12)：43-46.
[53]赵新红,张慧丽,黄洪.微机保护技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[54]赵建文,付周兴.电力系统微机继电保护技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2009.
[55]苏荃峰.TMS320X281X DSP应用系统设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[56]陈达壮,张玲.半波傅氏算法与两点乘积算法相结合的励磁涌流识别新方法[J]电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(17)：138-141.
[57]安林,吴济安.基于调整滤波器初相位的新型半波傅氏算法[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(10)：19-23.
[58]胡明.微机保护装置滤除衰减直流分量的算法分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(4)：36-40.
[59]Yong Guo,Kezunovic M,Deshu Chen. Simplified algorithms for removal of the effect of exponentially decaying DC-offset on the Fourier algorithm[J]. Power Delivery,2006,18(3):711-717.
[60]Lovric,Vujevic,Sarajc. Accuracy of the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform algorithm in grounding grid transient analysis[C]. ICECom,2010 Conference Proceedings, 2010:1-4.
[2]Kirby R, Schwartz R. Microprocessor-based protective relays[J]. Industry Appl-ications Magazine,2009,15(5):43-50.
[3]魏巍,余群兵,陈刚.图形化控制算法组态在微机保护中的应用[J].江苏电机工程,2005,24(3)：28-30.
[4]赵志华.图形化编程与继电保护装置开发[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2)：70-72.
[5]王胜,王家华,兰金波.图形化保护的原理与实现[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2)：76-78.
[6]邓秋娥,杜奇壮,卢娟.可视化编程在微机保护中的实现[J].继电器,2008,36(3)：1-9.
[7]肖吉德,王文光.ABB全新保护测控产品家族Relion为智能电网打基石[J].电气技术,2009,(12)：5-6.
[8]李孝.继电保护通用逻辑开发平台设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[9]阎波.可编程逻辑在微机保护中的应用研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[10]陈曦婉.可编程保护装置系统软件的开发与研究论[D].南京：河海大学,2007.
[11]胡学浩.智能电网—未来电网的发展态势[J].电网技术,2009,33(14)：1-5.
[12]张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊,等.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：1-11.
[13]常康,薛峰,杨卫东.中国智能电网基本特征及其技术进展评述[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(17)：10-15.
[14]钟金,郑睿敏,杨卫红,等.建设信息时代的智能电网[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：12-18.
[15]熊小伏,陈星田,夏莹,等.面向智能电网的继电保护系统重构[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(17)：33-37.
[16]A P Apostolov&Vandiver. Functional testing of IEC 61850 based TEDs and systems[C]. Proceedings of 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference Exposition,2004:640-645.
[17]Gwan so Kim, Hong bee Lee. A study on IEC 61850 based communication for intelligen telectronic devices[C]. Science and Technology,2005. KORUS 2005. Proceedings.The 9th Russian-Korean International Symposium on,2005:765-770.
[18]Englert H,Dawidczak H. IEC 61850 substation to control center communication-Status and practical experiences from projects[J]. PowerTech,2009 IEEE Bucharest,2009,25(15):1-6.
[19]高翔.数字化变电站应用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[20]樊唯钦.数字化变电站的发展与应用[J].电网技术,2006,30(8)：97-100.
[21]杨奇逊,黄少锋.微型机继电保护基础(第三版)[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.
[22]程雷,郭伟,刘超君.嵌入式以太网在变电站自动化测控保护装置中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2005,21(10)：59-61.
[23]冯邦成,康积涛.以太网在变电站自动化系统中的应用前景[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(7)：62-65.
[24]Felser,Max. Real-time Ethernet-Industry prospective[J]. Industrial Communica-tion Systems,2005,15(8):1118-1129.
[25]工宁,梁志瑞,赵飞.双口RAM在双CPU交流电量同步采集系统中的应用[J]低压电器,2009,(15)：32-34.
[26叶乃文.面向对象程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[27]张云,尹秋帆.继电保护逻辑图振荡搜索和顺序化遍历的算法设计和优化[J].华东电力,2005,33(1)：16-19.
[28]琼.拓扑排序算法的拓展研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,(24)：75-76
[29]郑丽英.数据结构与算法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009.
[30]Graham M,Kennedy J. Exploring Multiple Trees through DAG Representati-ons[J]. Visualization and Computer Graphics,2007,13(6):1294-1301.
[31]Awerbuch B,Holmer D,Rubens H. Analysis of Multiple Trees on Path Discovery for Beacon-Based Routing Protocols[J]. Communications, Computers and Signal Processing,2007,22(24):25-29.
[32]杨奇逊,刘建飞,张涛,等.现代微机保护技术的发展与分析[J].电力设备,2003,4(5)：10-14.
[33]程宏波,王勋,伦利.容错控制技术及其在微机保护中的应用研究[J]电气应用,2007,26(9)：45-48.
[34]Fox G H. Applying microprocessor-based protective relays in switchgear with AC control power[C]. Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference,2005:277-284.
[35]陈华星.基于实时网络与DSP技术的电力系统自动化装置的研究[D].长沙： 中南大学,2007.
[36]Tae-Suk Kwon,Seon-Woo Lee,Seung-Ki Sul. Power Control Algorithm for Hybrid Excavator With Supercapacitor[J]. Industry Applications,2010,46(4): 1447-1455.
[37]Rufer A,Barrade P. A supercapacitor-based energy-storage system for elevators with soft commutated interface[J]. Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1151-1159.
[38]魏存良,熊志宏.微机保护防跳和断路器机构防跳的比较与选用[J].电工技术,2009,(10)：53-54.
[39]韩丰田TMS320F281X DSP原理及应用技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[40]于月平.交流采样量测量误差来源及解决方法[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(11)：118-121.
[41]周雪松,何彦民,马幼捷TMS320F2812在电力系统多通道同步交流采样中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2005,18(4)：39-41.
[42]庄皓岚,苏涛,曹飞龙.基于AVR的高效数控恒流恒压源设计[J].数字技术与应用,2009,(10)：21-24.
[43]Victorovich M Y. The influence of electromagnetic interference on microproce-ssor relay protection and automatics functioning safety[C]. Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,2009. EPQU 2009.10th International Conference on 2005:1-6.
[44]Montignies P, Jover B. Electromagnetic compatibility of digital protective relays installed in medium voltage switchgear[C]. Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe-Electrical and Instrumentation Applications,2008:1-11.
[45]袁文嘉,贺要锋,王来军.提高微机保护装置的抗干扰性和可靠性的措施探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(21)：131-133.
[46]彭红海,周有庆,王洪涛,等.微机保护装置抗干扰技术的研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(10)：49-53.
[47]秦晓辉.微机保护电磁兼容研究及变电站内电磁干扰的传播途径[D].北京：华北电力大学,2003.
[48]陈志雄.微机保护硬件平台可靠性设计研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2003
[49]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[50]三恒星科技TMS320F2812 DSP原理与应用实例[M].北京：：电子工业出版社,2009.
[51]Tao Zhu,Xiaorong Xie,Dakang Zhu. Generating Detailed Software Models of Microprocessor-Based Relays[J]. Power System Technology,2006,11(15):1-6.
[52]所旭,张萍.微机继电保护软件可靠性探讨[J].继电器,2004,32(12)：43-46.
[53]赵新红,张慧丽,黄洪.微机保护技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[54]赵建文,付周兴.电力系统微机继电保护技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2009.
[55]苏荃峰.TMS320X281X DSP应用系统设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[56]陈达壮,张玲.半波傅氏算法与两点乘积算法相结合的励磁涌流识别新方法[J]电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(17)：138-141.
[57]安林,吴济安.基于调整滤波器初相位的新型半波傅氏算法[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(10)：19-23.
[58]胡明.微机保护装置滤除衰减直流分量的算法分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(4)：36-40.
[59]Yong Guo,Kezunovic M,Deshu Chen. Simplified algorithms for removal of the effect of exponentially decaying DC-offset on the Fourier algorithm[J]. Power Delivery,2006,18(3):711-717.
[60]Lovric,Vujevic,Sarajc. Accuracy of the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform algorithm in grounding grid transient analysis[C]. ICECom,2010 Conference Proceedings, 2010:1-4.