自顶向下的协同装配设计过程建模及规划研究
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摘要
随着现代产品复杂程度的提高,企业为了增强竞争力,在激烈的市场竞争环境下取得成功,必须缩短产品的开发周期和降低产品成本,提高产品的开发效率和经济效益。自顶向下协同装配设计是一种新的设计模式,新设计模式的采用给产品设计过程管理和规划带来了的挑战。本文以自顶向下协同装配设计过程建模及规划技术为研究对象,主要研究内容及成果有以下几个方面:
1.通过分析自顶向下协同装配设计过程特点,提出层次着色Petri网(HCPN)建模方法,以设计者的设计过程活动为建模对象,基于HCPN构建自顶向下协同装配设计过程的模型,以刻画设计过程的复杂行为特征,揭示设计过程的内涵特点。
2.针对自顶向下协同装配设计过程规划中任务之间的关联关系和自顶向下协同装配设计的要求,采用设计结构矩阵表达任务之间的关联关系,提出设计组承担的任务量均衡和分在同一任务组内的任务具有较高关联耦合度两个分组原则,并采用基于多目标的遗传优化算法,以实现任务的合理分组,达到缩短产品开发周期和设计组之间的交互量的目标。
3.针对设计组的综合能力,采用不确定多属性决策方法,选择设计组,并提出基于任务关键度和设计组综合能力的任务组分配原则,给出一种基于树的任务组分配算法,以实现任务的合理分配,保证组织资源的优化调度。
4.在分析任务分组后组内、外的任务之间存在的依赖关联约束对任务执行时间窗影响的基础之上,通过串行活动并行化及耦合活动串行化来确定任务的时间窗约束,提出自顶向下协同装配设计的任务时间窗算法,以有效的消除时间窗约束求解过程中产生的约束冲突,减少设计过程等待时间;构建基于设计结构矩阵的设计过程随机调度优化算法,以确定任务执行时间窗,获得优化的设计过程调度方案。
5.针对自顶向下协同装配设计过程的特点,构建基于层次对象Petri网(HOOPN)的设计过程规划动态模型,以满足设计过程的动态监控与调度的需要;基于模糊综合评价算法对设计过程进行风险评价,确定影响设计过程执行进程的局部和全局风险等级;提出基于设计过程风险等级的风险决策机制,实现自顶向下协同装配设计过程规划的动态调控。
With the increasing complexity of the modern product, the development cycle of the product should be shorten, the cost of the product should be reduced and the development efficiency and the economic benefit should be increased for the enterprises to improve the competitive capacity and come to the top at the intensive market competitive environment. The top-down collaborative assembly design is a new design mode, which brings many challenges for effective management and planning of the design process. This dissertation focuses on the modeling and planning technology of the process of top-down collaborative assembly design. And the main contributions are described as follows:
1. Based on the characteristics of top-down collaborative assembly design, the process model for top-down collaborative assembly design is constructed using the hierarchical colored Petri-net (HCPN) which adopts the design activities as the modeling objects. The process model is effective for depicting the complex behaviors and dig out the connotations of the design process.
2. Based on the high concurrency and tightly coupling relationships of top-down collaborative assembly design process planning, the design structure matrix (DSM) is adopted to describe the relationships among tasks. An improved genetic algorithm (GA) based on multi-objective for the task grouping is developed according to two principles: one is that the workload should be equilibrium among the design teams; the other is that the tasks with high coupling relationships should be grouped into the same task group. The rational task grouping is implemented. The development cycle and the interaction among design teams are reduced significantly.
3. According to the comprehensive capability of the design team, the uncertain and multi-attribute decision method is used to choose the design teams. Task group assignment principle is proposed based on the key degree of the task and the comprehensive capability of the design team, and a task group assignment algorithm called the searching procedure tree is developed, which guarantees the rational task assignment and the optimal scheduling of the organizing resources.
4. According to the high parallel and the dependent relationships among the tasks of the top-down collaborative assembly design process, a task time window algorithm is put forward. Based on the outside and inside dependent relationships of the tasks, two methods are adopted to determine the task time window constraints. During calculating the task time window, the methods of resolving conflicts and decreasing the design process waiting time are put forward after analyzing the reasons for conflicts. Finally, a stochastic planning algorithm is put forward to implement the design process planning based on design structure matrix, which can determine the task time window and get the optimal design process scheme.
5. According to the static planning model and the characteristics of top-down collaborative assembly design, a dynamic model of process planning based on hierarchical object-oriented Petri-net (HOOPN) is constructed. Based on the dynamic model, the dynamic supervising and scheduling of the design process are implemented. The fuzzy overall evaluation model (FOEM) is utilized for risk evaluation of the design process, which determines the local and global risk level of the design process. The risk decision-making mechanism is presented based on the risk level, which is utilized to dynamically adjust and control the whole process planning.
1.通过分析自顶向下协同装配设计过程特点,提出层次着色Petri网(HCPN)建模方法,以设计者的设计过程活动为建模对象,基于HCPN构建自顶向下协同装配设计过程的模型,以刻画设计过程的复杂行为特征,揭示设计过程的内涵特点。
2.针对自顶向下协同装配设计过程规划中任务之间的关联关系和自顶向下协同装配设计的要求,采用设计结构矩阵表达任务之间的关联关系,提出设计组承担的任务量均衡和分在同一任务组内的任务具有较高关联耦合度两个分组原则,并采用基于多目标的遗传优化算法,以实现任务的合理分组,达到缩短产品开发周期和设计组之间的交互量的目标。
3.针对设计组的综合能力,采用不确定多属性决策方法,选择设计组,并提出基于任务关键度和设计组综合能力的任务组分配原则,给出一种基于树的任务组分配算法,以实现任务的合理分配,保证组织资源的优化调度。
4.在分析任务分组后组内、外的任务之间存在的依赖关联约束对任务执行时间窗影响的基础之上,通过串行活动并行化及耦合活动串行化来确定任务的时间窗约束,提出自顶向下协同装配设计的任务时间窗算法,以有效的消除时间窗约束求解过程中产生的约束冲突,减少设计过程等待时间;构建基于设计结构矩阵的设计过程随机调度优化算法,以确定任务执行时间窗,获得优化的设计过程调度方案。
5.针对自顶向下协同装配设计过程的特点,构建基于层次对象Petri网(HOOPN)的设计过程规划动态模型,以满足设计过程的动态监控与调度的需要;基于模糊综合评价算法对设计过程进行风险评价,确定影响设计过程执行进程的局部和全局风险等级;提出基于设计过程风险等级的风险决策机制,实现自顶向下协同装配设计过程规划的动态调控。
With the increasing complexity of the modern product, the development cycle of the product should be shorten, the cost of the product should be reduced and the development efficiency and the economic benefit should be increased for the enterprises to improve the competitive capacity and come to the top at the intensive market competitive environment. The top-down collaborative assembly design is a new design mode, which brings many challenges for effective management and planning of the design process. This dissertation focuses on the modeling and planning technology of the process of top-down collaborative assembly design. And the main contributions are described as follows:
1. Based on the characteristics of top-down collaborative assembly design, the process model for top-down collaborative assembly design is constructed using the hierarchical colored Petri-net (HCPN) which adopts the design activities as the modeling objects. The process model is effective for depicting the complex behaviors and dig out the connotations of the design process.
2. Based on the high concurrency and tightly coupling relationships of top-down collaborative assembly design process planning, the design structure matrix (DSM) is adopted to describe the relationships among tasks. An improved genetic algorithm (GA) based on multi-objective for the task grouping is developed according to two principles: one is that the workload should be equilibrium among the design teams; the other is that the tasks with high coupling relationships should be grouped into the same task group. The rational task grouping is implemented. The development cycle and the interaction among design teams are reduced significantly.
3. According to the comprehensive capability of the design team, the uncertain and multi-attribute decision method is used to choose the design teams. Task group assignment principle is proposed based on the key degree of the task and the comprehensive capability of the design team, and a task group assignment algorithm called the searching procedure tree is developed, which guarantees the rational task assignment and the optimal scheduling of the organizing resources.
4. According to the high parallel and the dependent relationships among the tasks of the top-down collaborative assembly design process, a task time window algorithm is put forward. Based on the outside and inside dependent relationships of the tasks, two methods are adopted to determine the task time window constraints. During calculating the task time window, the methods of resolving conflicts and decreasing the design process waiting time are put forward after analyzing the reasons for conflicts. Finally, a stochastic planning algorithm is put forward to implement the design process planning based on design structure matrix, which can determine the task time window and get the optimal design process scheme.
5. According to the static planning model and the characteristics of top-down collaborative assembly design, a dynamic model of process planning based on hierarchical object-oriented Petri-net (HOOPN) is constructed. Based on the dynamic model, the dynamic supervising and scheduling of the design process are implemented. The fuzzy overall evaluation model (FOEM) is utilized for risk evaluation of the design process, which determines the local and global risk level of the design process. The risk decision-making mechanism is presented based on the risk level, which is utilized to dynamically adjust and control the whole process planning.
引文
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