黄冈地区露天采石场安全现状调查与对策研究
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摘要
矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,是人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,创造了巨大经济效益和社会效益。安全生产是社会发展的重要组成部分,矿山安全是矿山企业稳定、持续发展的根本保证。我国露天采石场基础差、数量多、分布广,开采技术落后,安全生产保障条件差,管理混乱,隐患不断增多,安全生产形势严峻,安全事故呈上升趋势,因此露天采石场的安全生产问题受到国家的高度重视和关注。开展露天采石场的安全现状调查和安全对策研究是减少人员伤亡和财产损失的重要手段,是目前急需解决的问题。
露天采石场是一个多因素、多变量和多层次的生产系统,课题依托于黄冈地区的露天采石场,进行深入详细的调查和分析,揭露了采石场存在的危险源和安全隐患,系统的分析了安全现状,对采石场进行了安全评价,探讨了如何提高采石场的安全现状,提出了对应的安全对策。
课题重在调查,通过现场详细调查多个采石场,获取第一手资料,运用危险源辨识理论辨识露天采石场固有的、潜在的、动态、共性的危险源,从人、机、环境、技术、管理和监管方面确定采石场存在的主要危险因素,揭示黄冈地区露天采石场的安全现状。
针对调查结果,根据安全系统工程的原理进行分析危险源存在和引发安全事故的原因,构建采石场安全事故致因理论体系和安全评价单元,确定评价因素的取值,运用两种评价方法对采石场进行现状评价。结合露天采石场的实际情况和特点,对作业条件危险性评价法和模糊综合评价法进行了尝试性的改进,评价结果更加符合专业性,因地制宜的提出了指导改进措施。
课题的目的是提出安全对策,根据评价结果,进行决策分析,运用危险源控制理论并结合黄冈地区露天采石场的实际情况从本质化、开采技术、企业管理、政府监督等方面进行了有效的分析,提出了有针对性的对策改进和安全措施,从措施进展来看,试点采石场取得了预期的效果,安全现状显著提升。期望借助课题的研究能提高黄冈地区露天采石场的安全现状,对采石场持续安全的发展有一定的参考意义。
The mineral resources are important components of the natural resources and the important material base that the mankind depends on for existence and development. So far, it has created huge economic and social benefits. Safe production is an important part of social development. Mine safety is the mining enterprises stable and sustained development of the fundamental guarantee. Based in China, open-pit mine are weak foundations, great quantity Wide distribution, backward Mining technique, poor security production conditions, chaotic managements, increasing hidden dangers, grim security production situation, upward trend in security incidents, so safe production of open-pit mine is attached great importance and concern by the state. Carrying out he survey of the safety status quo and countermeasure of open-pit mine are the approach, which could minimize casualties and property losses, so it need to solve the urgent problems at present.
Open-pit mine is a multi-factor, multi-variable and multi-level production system. This project has been investigated more deeply and detailedly by open-pit mine in Huanggang region, so revealed the hazard installations and hidden dangers, and systematically analyzed the safety status, safety assessment with open-pit mine, and that discussed how to improve the safety status of open-pit mine. In the end put forward a proposal for corresponding safety countermeasures.
Survey is the most important in this project. Through on-the-spot survey a number of open-pit mine to obtain first-hand information. It was applied the theory of hazard installations to recognize the inherent, potential, dynamic and common hazard installations. Apply human-machine, environment technology, management and supervision to determine the major risk factors. Open-pit mine would be revealed the safety status in Huanggang region.
For the results of the survey, apply the theory of safety system engineering to analyze that why hazard installations were formed and the accidents were caused, set up a system of the theory of accident causation and units of safety evaluation. set values that factor of evaluation may take, finally that evaluate the status with two kinds of methods. And according to the actual situation and features, try to improve on risk assessment method on working conditions and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, guild us what to do next in the light of local conditions.
Finally, come to the safety countermeasures are the project of the ultimate goal. According to the results of the evaluation can make decisions. The effective analysis has been from the essence, the mining of technology, enterprise management, supervision of a government and other aspects using the theory of hazard installations and combine with the actual local conditions. The progressive measures shows that the selected open-pit mines have been prospective effects and the safety status rose significantly. So will expect that improve the safety status of open-pit mine in Huanggang region, and has consult value to their sustained and safety development.
露天采石场是一个多因素、多变量和多层次的生产系统,课题依托于黄冈地区的露天采石场,进行深入详细的调查和分析,揭露了采石场存在的危险源和安全隐患,系统的分析了安全现状,对采石场进行了安全评价,探讨了如何提高采石场的安全现状,提出了对应的安全对策。
课题重在调查,通过现场详细调查多个采石场,获取第一手资料,运用危险源辨识理论辨识露天采石场固有的、潜在的、动态、共性的危险源,从人、机、环境、技术、管理和监管方面确定采石场存在的主要危险因素,揭示黄冈地区露天采石场的安全现状。
针对调查结果,根据安全系统工程的原理进行分析危险源存在和引发安全事故的原因,构建采石场安全事故致因理论体系和安全评价单元,确定评价因素的取值,运用两种评价方法对采石场进行现状评价。结合露天采石场的实际情况和特点,对作业条件危险性评价法和模糊综合评价法进行了尝试性的改进,评价结果更加符合专业性,因地制宜的提出了指导改进措施。
课题的目的是提出安全对策,根据评价结果,进行决策分析,运用危险源控制理论并结合黄冈地区露天采石场的实际情况从本质化、开采技术、企业管理、政府监督等方面进行了有效的分析,提出了有针对性的对策改进和安全措施,从措施进展来看,试点采石场取得了预期的效果,安全现状显著提升。期望借助课题的研究能提高黄冈地区露天采石场的安全现状,对采石场持续安全的发展有一定的参考意义。
The mineral resources are important components of the natural resources and the important material base that the mankind depends on for existence and development. So far, it has created huge economic and social benefits. Safe production is an important part of social development. Mine safety is the mining enterprises stable and sustained development of the fundamental guarantee. Based in China, open-pit mine are weak foundations, great quantity Wide distribution, backward Mining technique, poor security production conditions, chaotic managements, increasing hidden dangers, grim security production situation, upward trend in security incidents, so safe production of open-pit mine is attached great importance and concern by the state. Carrying out he survey of the safety status quo and countermeasure of open-pit mine are the approach, which could minimize casualties and property losses, so it need to solve the urgent problems at present.
Open-pit mine is a multi-factor, multi-variable and multi-level production system. This project has been investigated more deeply and detailedly by open-pit mine in Huanggang region, so revealed the hazard installations and hidden dangers, and systematically analyzed the safety status, safety assessment with open-pit mine, and that discussed how to improve the safety status of open-pit mine. In the end put forward a proposal for corresponding safety countermeasures.
Survey is the most important in this project. Through on-the-spot survey a number of open-pit mine to obtain first-hand information. It was applied the theory of hazard installations to recognize the inherent, potential, dynamic and common hazard installations. Apply human-machine, environment technology, management and supervision to determine the major risk factors. Open-pit mine would be revealed the safety status in Huanggang region.
For the results of the survey, apply the theory of safety system engineering to analyze that why hazard installations were formed and the accidents were caused, set up a system of the theory of accident causation and units of safety evaluation. set values that factor of evaluation may take, finally that evaluate the status with two kinds of methods. And according to the actual situation and features, try to improve on risk assessment method on working conditions and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, guild us what to do next in the light of local conditions.
Finally, come to the safety countermeasures are the project of the ultimate goal. According to the results of the evaluation can make decisions. The effective analysis has been from the essence, the mining of technology, enterprise management, supervision of a government and other aspects using the theory of hazard installations and combine with the actual local conditions. The progressive measures shows that the selected open-pit mines have been prospective effects and the safety status rose significantly. So will expect that improve the safety status of open-pit mine in Huanggang region, and has consult value to their sustained and safety development.
引文
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[4]唐丰.实施安全许可制度,加强非煤矿山安全监管[J].安全与健康,2006,(21)
[5]周建新,张兴凯,刘晓宇等.非煤矿山安全标准化在安全生产中的地位和作用[J].金属矿山,2007,370(04):1-5
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[13]罗云,樊运晓,马晓春.风险分析与安全分析[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
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[25]王祥尧.非煤矿山安全生产保障管理体系的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007
[26]张甫仁,景国勋,顾志凡等.论矿山重大危险源辨识、评价及控制[J].中国煤炭,2001,27(10):41-43
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[28]孙猛、陈全.矿山重大危险源辨识评价若干问题的研究与探讨[A].中国国际安全生产论坛论文集,2002
[29]黄平路.中深孔爆破安全评价方法的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004
[30]郭进.金堆城露天矿安全评价研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[31]Tore J Larsson,& Andrew R Hale.Aspects of Risk Assessment,Control and Prevention.[M].Safety Science Monitor,2000
[32]Fukuchi,Nobuyoshi;Imamura,Teruyuki.Risk assessment for fire safety considering characteristic evacuees and smoke movement in marine fires[J].Journal of Marine Science and Technology,v 10,n 3,September,2005,p 147-157
[33]Tokuno,K;Yamada,S.Stochastic software safety/reliability measurement and its application[J].ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,1999:p 123-145
[34]吴宗之,高进东.危险评价方法及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
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