发动机缸套矩阵式微坑润滑模拟仿真分析
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摘要
缸套—活塞环系统的润滑状态直接影响着发动机的正常工作、使用寿命等性能。因此其润滑性能对提高发动机的动力性、可靠性和耐久性，保证发动机能够经济、可靠地工作有很大的作用。发动机缸套是缸套—活塞环系统中的重要一环，因此如何改善缸套的性能更利于缸套—活塞环系统之间的润滑越来越受到人们的重视。
本文基于表面微造型技术的研究，在缸套表面加工出矩阵式微坑单元，并且利用大型流体仿真软件FLUENT对矩阵式微坑缸套—活塞环环形间隙流场进行了模拟仿真。采用四面体网格对模型划分网格，在数学模型上，选用层流流动模型。从剪应力、油膜压力和摩擦力三个方面对计算结果进行分析，探讨其润滑机理，研究微坑单元对润滑效果的影响。得出结论，矩阵式微坑缸套表面相对光滑缸套表面上的剪应力大大降低，摩擦阻力也相应的降低，说明了矩阵式微坑缸套对缸套—活塞环系统的润滑效果起到了一定的作用，上述所做工作为矩阵式微坑形态的设计提供了理论依据。
同时与有限差分法和超松弛迭代法求解出的结果对比，验证了软件分析矩阵式微坑缸套—活塞环环形间隙流场的精度及可靠性，为CFD方法探索矩阵式微坑表面润滑的理论研究提供依据，使其从复杂的编程中解放出来。
The lubrication of cylinder-piston rings system has direct impact on the normaloperation of the engine, service life and so on. Therefore, its lubrication performance has agreat effect to improve the power, reliability and durability of engine, and ensure that theengine can work economically and reliability. The cylinder of engine is an important partin the cylinder-piston rings system, so how to improve the performance of cylinder to bebenefit to the lubrication of the cylinder-piston rings system receives more attention.
Based on micro-modeling techniques, processing matrix tiny-pits in the cylinder, by using largeflow simulation software FLUENT, the gap flow of matrix tiny-pits cylinder-piston rings wassimulated. Meshing for the model used tetrahedral mesh. In the mathematical model, chosethe laminar flow model. From the shear stress, pressure and friction film aspects,calculation results were analyzed. Explore its lubrication mechanism to study the tiny-pitsunits to the effect of the lubrication. The shear stress and friction of matrix tiny-pitscylinder surface reduced significantly. It illustrated that matrix tiny- pits cylinder had a greateffect on the lubrication of cylinder-piston rings system. It offered design theory fordesigning the matrix pits.
At the same time, compared with the results which were solved by Finite differencemethod and the SOR, It verified software’s accuracy and reliability to the analysis of gapflow field of matrix tiny-pits cylinder-piston rings. It also provided the basis for theoreticalstudies on the lubrication of matrix tint-pits surface by the CFD method and let peopleliberate from complex programming.
本文基于表面微造型技术的研究，在缸套表面加工出矩阵式微坑单元，并且利用大型流体仿真软件FLUENT对矩阵式微坑缸套—活塞环环形间隙流场进行了模拟仿真。采用四面体网格对模型划分网格，在数学模型上，选用层流流动模型。从剪应力、油膜压力和摩擦力三个方面对计算结果进行分析，探讨其润滑机理，研究微坑单元对润滑效果的影响。得出结论，矩阵式微坑缸套表面相对光滑缸套表面上的剪应力大大降低，摩擦阻力也相应的降低，说明了矩阵式微坑缸套对缸套—活塞环系统的润滑效果起到了一定的作用，上述所做工作为矩阵式微坑形态的设计提供了理论依据。
同时与有限差分法和超松弛迭代法求解出的结果对比，验证了软件分析矩阵式微坑缸套—活塞环环形间隙流场的精度及可靠性，为CFD方法探索矩阵式微坑表面润滑的理论研究提供依据，使其从复杂的编程中解放出来。
The lubrication of cylinder-piston rings system has direct impact on the normaloperation of the engine, service life and so on. Therefore, its lubrication performance has agreat effect to improve the power, reliability and durability of engine, and ensure that theengine can work economically and reliability. The cylinder of engine is an important partin the cylinder-piston rings system, so how to improve the performance of cylinder to bebenefit to the lubrication of the cylinder-piston rings system receives more attention.
Based on micro-modeling techniques, processing matrix tiny-pits in the cylinder, by using largeflow simulation software FLUENT, the gap flow of matrix tiny-pits cylinder-piston rings wassimulated. Meshing for the model used tetrahedral mesh. In the mathematical model, chosethe laminar flow model. From the shear stress, pressure and friction film aspects,calculation results were analyzed. Explore its lubrication mechanism to study the tiny-pitsunits to the effect of the lubrication. The shear stress and friction of matrix tiny-pitscylinder surface reduced significantly. It illustrated that matrix tiny- pits cylinder had a greateffect on the lubrication of cylinder-piston rings system. It offered design theory fordesigning the matrix pits.
At the same time, compared with the results which were solved by Finite differencemethod and the SOR, It verified software’s accuracy and reliability to the analysis of gapflow field of matrix tiny-pits cylinder-piston rings. It also provided the basis for theoreticalstudies on the lubrication of matrix tint-pits surface by the CFD method and let peopleliberate from complex programming.
引文
[1]程方启，刘鸣，姜明．内燃机缸套活塞环润滑计算的研究发展．山东柴油机．2003，3：1-3．
[2]曲敬信，许山棣．摩擦与磨损.北京：煤炭大学出版社，1992.
[3]施高义．摩擦磨损原理.杭州：浙江大学出版社，1986.
[4]杨明忠．摩擦学设计基础.北京：机械工业出版社，1992.
[5] Brizmer V, Kligerman Y．Etsion L．A laser surface textured parallel thrust bearing．American Society of Mechanical Engineers.2003，46：383-399．
[6] Ryk G，Kligerman Y．Experimental investigation of laser surface texturing forreciprocating automotive components．American Society of Mechanical Engineers，2002，3：443-448．
[7]张云电.蜂窝状微坑缸套设计和制造技术.北京：科学出版社，2004.
[8]高海.干式薄壁套柴油机机体缸孔及缸套孔加工的探讨.天津：天津大学.2003.
[9] Hamilton B，Allen C．A theory of lubrication by Micro asperities．InternationalJournal of Machine Science.1966，88.l：178-183．
[10] Pavinder B，Siripuram，Lyndon S．Effect of deterministic asperity geometry onhydrodynamic lubrication．ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology.2004，17.126：530-533．
[11] Kaneta M，Cammeron A．Effects of asperities in EHL．ASME Journal ofLubrication Technology.1980，1.13：374-379．
[12] Ai Xiaolan and Yu Hailing. A full numerical solution for general transient lasordadynamic line contacts and its application Wear.1988，33.113：303-309．
[13]李为松．缸套微坑加工技术的应用基础研究．太原：中北大学，2007．
[14]高东海．激光微造型凹坑表面形貌摩擦特性的研究．安徽：合肥工业大学，2008．
[15] Bechert. DW，Bruse. M, Hage. W. Experiment with three-dimensional rib lets as anidealized model of shark skin . Experiments in Fluids.2000，28：403-412．
[16] M T Ma，E H Smith，I Sherrington .A three-dimensional analysis of piston ringlubrication：Part I-Modeling[J].Journal of Engineering Iridology.1995，209：1-14.
[17] Patir N，Cheng H S. An average flow model for determining effects ofthree-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication.Journal ofLubrication Technology.1978，100. 1：12-17.
[18] Krupka I，Hart l M.，Poliseuk R. An experimenta1 Study of E1astohydrodynamicCentral and Minimum Film Thicknesses for Various Material Parameters.lubricationScience.2000，12：239- 251.
[19] Dowson D，Whitaker A V. A numerical procedure for the solution of theelastohydrodynamic problem of rolling and sliding contacts lubricated by a Newtonian fluid . Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng.1966，80:57-71.
[20] Andriy Kovalehenko, Oyelayo Ajayi. The effect of laser surface texturing ontransitioning lubrication regimes during unidirectional sliding contaet.TribologyInternational.2005，38：219-255.
[21] Wilkinson. S, Lazos.B. S. Direct drag and hot-wire measurements on thin-elemenribletarrays In Turbulent Management and Relaminarisation.IUTAM Symp Bangalone, India，1987.
[22] Zuk J，Renkel H E. Numerical Solutions for the Flow and Pressure Field in anIdealized Spiral Grooved Pumping Seal.Journal of Engineering Iridology，1970，290-301.
[23]符永宏，叶云霞．发动机气缸孔表面的激光珩磨技术研究．激光技术.2002，26.5：380-383．
[24]万秩，熊党生．激光纹理化改善不锈钢摩擦性能的研究．哈尔滨工业大学学报.2006，38.7：138-139．
[25]刘红彬．表面纹理对流体润滑油膜承载能力与摩擦特性的影响．中国表面工程.2006，19.9：227-228．
[26]桂长林，马争.内燃机缸套表面形貌摩擦学设计的探讨.润滑与密封.1989：3-8.
[27]孙旭东．发动机微坑缸套润滑分析及试验研究．山西：华北工学院，2006．
[28]封云．仿生非光滑表面湍流流场的数值模拟及减租机理分析．吉林：吉林大学，2003．
[29]陈汉平．计算流体力学．北京：水利电力出版社，1995．
[30]王福军．计算流体动力学分析．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[31]韩占忠，王敬，兰小平. Fluent－流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2004.
[32]于勇.FLUNET入门与进阶教程.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2008.
[33]傅德熏．流体力学数值模拟．北京：国防工业出版社，1993．
[34]程方启.内燃机活塞环一缸套润滑的分析与研究．山东大学,2005．
[35]王瑞金，张凯，王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例.北京：清华大学出版社，2007.
[36] R Sudarsan, S J Fenves, R D Sriram, etc，A product information modeling frameworkfor product lifecycle management.Experiments in Fluids，Computer-AidedDesign,2005
[37] Ai Xiaolan and Yu Hailing. A full numerical solution for general transient Lasordadynamic line contacts and its application Wear.Journal of Engineering Iridology1988，33.113：303-309．
[38] Bechert. DW，Bruse. M, Hage. W. Experiment with three-dimensional rib lets as anidealized model of shark skin.Experiments in Fluids，2000，28：403-412．
[39] M T Ma，E H Smith，I Sherrington .A three-dimensional analysis of piston ringlubrication：Part I-Modeling.Journal of Engineering Iridology.1995，209：1-14.
[40] Patir N，Cheng H S. An average flow model for determining effects ofthree-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication.Journal ofLubrication Technology.1978，100(1)：12-17.
[41]邬伯翔．活塞环．北京：中国铁道出版社，1987．
[42]周全保．内燃机活塞环组的混合润滑模型及其应用．内燃机学报，1991.3：83-90．
[43]根茨布尔克活．塞环理论．北京：机械工业出版社，1986.
[44]廖佩金．内燃机．北京：石油工业出版社，1900.
[45]刘永长．内燃机原理．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2001.
[46]蔡旭晖，刘卫国，蔡立燕．MATLAB基础与应用教程．北京：人民邮电出版社．2009.
[47]周建兴．MATLAB入门到精通．北京：人民邮电出版社，2008.
[48]王福军.计算流体力学动力学分析－CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
[49]赵军．凹坑形仿生非光滑表面的减租技术研究．大连：大连理工大学，2008．
[50]朱带根、樊瑜瑾．内燃机活塞环—缸套的润滑分析．机械工程与自动化，2006，12.9：70-73．
[51]高艳霞、祝锡金、谢锦国．有关微坑缸套中微坑参数优化的研究小型内燃机与摩托车.2008，37.4：30-35．
[52]桂长林,马争.内燃机缸套表面形貌摩擦学设计的探讨.润滑和密封.1989.5：3-8．
[53]侯煜．基于CFD环形间隙泄漏量及摩擦力的仿真计算．山西：太原理工大学，2005．
[54]符永宏,叶云霞等.发动机气缸孔表面的激光珩磨技术研究.激光技术.2002,26 .5：379-381.
[55]王碧波．蜂窝状微坑对发动机性能的影响．杭州：杭州电子科技大学，2002．
[56]王树立、史小军．沟槽面在湍流减阻中的技术研究与发展．西南石油大学学报.2008，2.1：148-150．
[57]汪建华，刘明尧，王本德．多级泵平衡盘问隙流动及刚度分析．长江大学学报.2005.2：164-166．
[58]陈秀琴．T形槽干气体密封性能研究．西安：西华大学，2008．
[59]梁志勇．微气泡减少平板摩擦阻力的数值模拟．船舶力学.2002.4：14-23．
[60]宫武旗，李新宏，黄淑娟.沟槽壁面减阻机理实验研究．工程热物理学报.2002，23.5：579-582．
[2]曲敬信，许山棣．摩擦与磨损.北京：煤炭大学出版社，1992.
[3]施高义．摩擦磨损原理.杭州：浙江大学出版社，1986.
[4]杨明忠．摩擦学设计基础.北京：机械工业出版社，1992.
[5] Brizmer V, Kligerman Y．Etsion L．A laser surface textured parallel thrust bearing．American Society of Mechanical Engineers.2003，46：383-399．
[6] Ryk G，Kligerman Y．Experimental investigation of laser surface texturing forreciprocating automotive components．American Society of Mechanical Engineers，2002，3：443-448．
[7]张云电.蜂窝状微坑缸套设计和制造技术.北京：科学出版社，2004.
[8]高海.干式薄壁套柴油机机体缸孔及缸套孔加工的探讨.天津：天津大学.2003.
[9] Hamilton B，Allen C．A theory of lubrication by Micro asperities．InternationalJournal of Machine Science.1966，88.l：178-183．
[10] Pavinder B，Siripuram，Lyndon S．Effect of deterministic asperity geometry onhydrodynamic lubrication．ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology.2004，17.126：530-533．
[11] Kaneta M，Cammeron A．Effects of asperities in EHL．ASME Journal ofLubrication Technology.1980，1.13：374-379．
[12] Ai Xiaolan and Yu Hailing. A full numerical solution for general transient lasordadynamic line contacts and its application Wear.1988，33.113：303-309．
[13]李为松．缸套微坑加工技术的应用基础研究．太原：中北大学，2007．
[14]高东海．激光微造型凹坑表面形貌摩擦特性的研究．安徽：合肥工业大学，2008．
[15] Bechert. DW，Bruse. M, Hage. W. Experiment with three-dimensional rib lets as anidealized model of shark skin . Experiments in Fluids.2000，28：403-412．
[16] M T Ma，E H Smith，I Sherrington .A three-dimensional analysis of piston ringlubrication：Part I-Modeling[J].Journal of Engineering Iridology.1995，209：1-14.
[17] Patir N，Cheng H S. An average flow model for determining effects ofthree-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication.Journal ofLubrication Technology.1978，100. 1：12-17.
[18] Krupka I，Hart l M.，Poliseuk R. An experimenta1 Study of E1astohydrodynamicCentral and Minimum Film Thicknesses for Various Material Parameters.lubricationScience.2000，12：239- 251.
[19] Dowson D，Whitaker A V. A numerical procedure for the solution of theelastohydrodynamic problem of rolling and sliding contacts lubricated by a Newtonian fluid . Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng.1966，80:57-71.
[20] Andriy Kovalehenko, Oyelayo Ajayi. The effect of laser surface texturing ontransitioning lubrication regimes during unidirectional sliding contaet.TribologyInternational.2005，38：219-255.
[21] Wilkinson. S, Lazos.B. S. Direct drag and hot-wire measurements on thin-elemenribletarrays In Turbulent Management and Relaminarisation.IUTAM Symp Bangalone, India，1987.
[22] Zuk J，Renkel H E. Numerical Solutions for the Flow and Pressure Field in anIdealized Spiral Grooved Pumping Seal.Journal of Engineering Iridology，1970，290-301.
[23]符永宏，叶云霞．发动机气缸孔表面的激光珩磨技术研究．激光技术.2002，26.5：380-383．
[24]万秩，熊党生．激光纹理化改善不锈钢摩擦性能的研究．哈尔滨工业大学学报.2006，38.7：138-139．
[25]刘红彬．表面纹理对流体润滑油膜承载能力与摩擦特性的影响．中国表面工程.2006，19.9：227-228．
[26]桂长林，马争.内燃机缸套表面形貌摩擦学设计的探讨.润滑与密封.1989：3-8.
[27]孙旭东．发动机微坑缸套润滑分析及试验研究．山西：华北工学院，2006．
[28]封云．仿生非光滑表面湍流流场的数值模拟及减租机理分析．吉林：吉林大学，2003．
[29]陈汉平．计算流体力学．北京：水利电力出版社，1995．
[30]王福军．计算流体动力学分析．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[31]韩占忠，王敬，兰小平. Fluent－流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2004.
[32]于勇.FLUNET入门与进阶教程.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2008.
[33]傅德熏．流体力学数值模拟．北京：国防工业出版社，1993．
[34]程方启.内燃机活塞环一缸套润滑的分析与研究．山东大学,2005．
[35]王瑞金，张凯，王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例.北京：清华大学出版社，2007.
[36] R Sudarsan, S J Fenves, R D Sriram, etc，A product information modeling frameworkfor product lifecycle management.Experiments in Fluids，Computer-AidedDesign,2005
[37] Ai Xiaolan and Yu Hailing. A full numerical solution for general transient Lasordadynamic line contacts and its application Wear.Journal of Engineering Iridology1988，33.113：303-309．
[38] Bechert. DW，Bruse. M, Hage. W. Experiment with three-dimensional rib lets as anidealized model of shark skin.Experiments in Fluids，2000，28：403-412．
[39] M T Ma，E H Smith，I Sherrington .A three-dimensional analysis of piston ringlubrication：Part I-Modeling.Journal of Engineering Iridology.1995，209：1-14.
[40] Patir N，Cheng H S. An average flow model for determining effects ofthree-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication.Journal ofLubrication Technology.1978，100(1)：12-17.
[41]邬伯翔．活塞环．北京：中国铁道出版社，1987．
[42]周全保．内燃机活塞环组的混合润滑模型及其应用．内燃机学报，1991.3：83-90．
[43]根茨布尔克活．塞环理论．北京：机械工业出版社，1986.
[44]廖佩金．内燃机．北京：石油工业出版社，1900.
[45]刘永长．内燃机原理．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2001.
[46]蔡旭晖，刘卫国，蔡立燕．MATLAB基础与应用教程．北京：人民邮电出版社．2009.
[47]周建兴．MATLAB入门到精通．北京：人民邮电出版社，2008.
[48]王福军.计算流体力学动力学分析－CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
[49]赵军．凹坑形仿生非光滑表面的减租技术研究．大连：大连理工大学，2008．
[50]朱带根、樊瑜瑾．内燃机活塞环—缸套的润滑分析．机械工程与自动化，2006，12.9：70-73．
[51]高艳霞、祝锡金、谢锦国．有关微坑缸套中微坑参数优化的研究小型内燃机与摩托车.2008，37.4：30-35．
[52]桂长林,马争.内燃机缸套表面形貌摩擦学设计的探讨.润滑和密封.1989.5：3-8．
[53]侯煜．基于CFD环形间隙泄漏量及摩擦力的仿真计算．山西：太原理工大学，2005．
[54]符永宏,叶云霞等.发动机气缸孔表面的激光珩磨技术研究.激光技术.2002,26 .5：379-381.
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