网格环境下的HLA仿真关键问题研究
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摘要
高层体系结构(HLA)是当前分布式仿真技术应用的主流。网格(Grid)是一种分布的高性能计算与数据处理的底层支持框架,能够管理众多地理上、组织上分布的异构资源。构建网格环境下的HLA仿真并对其关键问题进行研究是仿真技术进一步发展的需要,具有深刻的理论意义和巨大的工程价值,现已成为国际和国内仿真界的研究热点。
本论文的主要工作和创新性成果如下：
(1)提出了一种将HLA与Grid相结合的Grid-HLA框架及基于Proxy的体系结构。
鉴于当前HLA/RTI存在的局限性和HLA与网格技术相结合的可行性,本文提出了能将HLA移植到网格开展分布式仿真的框架Grid-HLA,并设计了具有Federate-Proxy-RTI体制的体系结构,实现了不同仿真器(联邦成员)之间的互操作。对Grid-HLA的仿真服务发现、执行过程及关键组件的设计进行了研究。体系结构中使用的接口遵守标准的HLA接口特性,能实现仿真过程中的可重用并具有负载平衡的作用。
(2)提出了异构平台下独立仿真任务调度的PASMM算法和TDMM算法。
针对仿真网格中异构平台的独立任务调度,通过对仿真任务的优先级分析,提出了基于任务平均执行时间与任务标准差为优先级的Min-Min算法(Priority of Average-Standard Min-Min:PASMM);通过对推荐证据的信任度分析,提出了信任驱动的Min-Min启发式算法(’Trust Driven Min-Min:TDMM)。PASMM算法做到了调度跨度低与平均等待时间短的统一；TDMM算法能消除服务热点、提高不诚实节点识别率和系统整体性能。
(3)提出了异构平台下依赖仿真任务调度的STDCMS算法。
针对仿真网格中异构平台的依赖任务调度,提出一种基于选择父任务复制与簇合并相结合的调度算法(Select Task Duplication and Cluster Merge based Scheduling:STDCMS)。该算法既考虑复制其它父任务以减少通讯时间,又尽可能少地复制父任务,而不是盲目复制Cluster中的所有祖先任务,能产生比TDS和OSA算法更短的调度；同时,该算法在不增加调度长度的前提下将负载较轻的处理器上的任务进行了合并,因此减少了处理器数目。
(4)提出了兴趣管理中的三种算法或策略：自适应外推模型与R-树结合的区域匹配算法、基于本体的网格服务匹配算法、HLA层次结构化的组播地址分配策略。
在对HLA数据分发管理的兴趣技术进行研究的基础上,提出了一种将自适应外推模型与R-树结合的区域匹配算法,并对其性能进行了分析和比较实验,验证了所提方法的有效性；提出了一种基于本体的仿真网格服务匹配算法,该方法有效地利用了本体知识,具有可接受的服务匹配时间、较高的匹配成功率和较强的获取网格服务信息的能力,为匹配恰当的网格服务提供了一种可行的机制；提出了一种HLA层次结构化的组播地址分配结构,对组播地址的分配及数据转发算法进行了描述,实验结果表明：层次组播中节点的最大可接收能力消息开销得到显著提高。
(5)提出了与时间同步相关的一种Lookahead的动态调整方法、优化的LBTS计算方法及改进的Frederick算法。
在对HLA的时间管理进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于比例因子和调整窗口的Lookahead动态调整算法；提出了一种将LBTS查询和计算分开的优化设计与实现方法,该方法把主动查询变成被动更新,大大地减少了LBTS通讯次数；探索了死锁的规律性,提出了改进的Frederick算法,解除了原来Frederick算法中的死锁问题。
At present, high level architecture(HLA) is the mainstream of application in distributed simulation technology.Grid is a bottom-layer support framework for high performance computing and data processing in distributed environment and it is able to manage a large number of heterogeneous resources of geographically and organizationally distributed.It is the demand for more development to build the HLA simulation in grid environment and research the key problems.These researchs have a profound theoretical significance and great value of the engineering and have become research focus of simulation community at the international and domestic.
In this paper, the main work and innovative results are as follows:
(1) Proposes a Grid-HLA framework and Proxy-based architecture.
View of the current HLA/RTI limitations exist and the the feasibility of combining grid technology, this paper proposed a distributed simulation framework Grid-HLA by migrating HLA to the grid and designed a Federate-Proxy-RTI architecture system.The system enables different simulator(Federation) interoperability.The Grid-HLA simulation service discovery, implementation process and key components have been studied.The interface of architecture comply with the standard HLA interface characteristics and can achieve reusable and have load-balancing effect.
(2) Proposed the PASMM algorithms and TDMM algorithm of independent simulation task scheduling on heterogeneous platform.
For the independent task scheduling of simulation grid on heterogeneous platform, this paper proposed the priority based on average-standard Min-Min (PASMM)algorithms through the priority analysis of simulation task.Through the trust analysis of recommendation evidence,this paper proposed trust driven Min-Min (TDMM)heuristic algorithm. PASMM algorithm can achieve the unification of low span and short average waiting time.TDMM algorithm can eliminate hot spots of services, improve the dishonest node identification rate and the overall system performance.
(3) Proposed the STDCMS algorithm of dependence simulation task scheduling on heterogeneous platforms.
For the dependent task scheduling of simulation grid on heterogeneous platform, this paper presents a new scheduling algorithm STDCMS based on select replication of the parent task and cluster merging. Not only consider the task of copying other parent in order to reduce communication time, but also as little as possible to copy the parent task, rather than blindly copying all the ancestors of the cluster. This algorithm can produce more than TDS and OSA shorter scheduling algorithms. At the same time, the algorithm merger the tasks of lesser load processor under without increasing the length of scheduling, thereby reducing the number of processors.
(4) Proposed three kinds of algorithms or strategies about interest mangagement:a region matching algorithm of combined adaptive extrapolation model and the R-tree; ontology-based grid service matching algorithm; multicast address allocation strategy of HLA hierarchy
On the basis of the study the interest technology of HLA data distribution management, this paper proposed a region matching algorithm of combined adaptive extrapolation model and the R-tree. The algorithm performance is analyzed and compared through experiment to test the effectiveness of the proposed method; This paper proposed a ontology-based grid service matching algorithm.This method is effective use of the knowledge of ontology.With an acceptable service to match the time, a higher success rate and a strong obtain capacity of grid services information, it provides a viable mechanism for matching the appropriate grid service; This paper proposed a multicast address allocation of HLA hierarchy structure and described the data forwarding algorithm. The results show that:the maximum level of nodes in the multicast reception of the message overhead can be significantly enhanced.
(5) Proposed a dynamic adjustment method of Lookahead associated with time synchronization, LBTS optimization calculation method and the improved algorithm of Frederick.
On the basis of an analysis of HLA time management,this paper proposed a Lookahead dynamic adjustment algorithm based scale factor and adjusting window; this paper Proposed a optimize design and implementation to separate of query from calculation of LBTS. This method can take the initiative check into a passive update, greatly reducing the number of LBTS communications.This paper explores the rules of deadlock and proposed an improved Frederick algorithm and solve the deadlock problem of the original Frederick algorithm.
本论文的主要工作和创新性成果如下：
(1)提出了一种将HLA与Grid相结合的Grid-HLA框架及基于Proxy的体系结构。
鉴于当前HLA/RTI存在的局限性和HLA与网格技术相结合的可行性,本文提出了能将HLA移植到网格开展分布式仿真的框架Grid-HLA,并设计了具有Federate-Proxy-RTI体制的体系结构,实现了不同仿真器(联邦成员)之间的互操作。对Grid-HLA的仿真服务发现、执行过程及关键组件的设计进行了研究。体系结构中使用的接口遵守标准的HLA接口特性,能实现仿真过程中的可重用并具有负载平衡的作用。
(2)提出了异构平台下独立仿真任务调度的PASMM算法和TDMM算法。
针对仿真网格中异构平台的独立任务调度,通过对仿真任务的优先级分析,提出了基于任务平均执行时间与任务标准差为优先级的Min-Min算法(Priority of Average-Standard Min-Min:PASMM);通过对推荐证据的信任度分析,提出了信任驱动的Min-Min启发式算法(’Trust Driven Min-Min:TDMM)。PASMM算法做到了调度跨度低与平均等待时间短的统一；TDMM算法能消除服务热点、提高不诚实节点识别率和系统整体性能。
(3)提出了异构平台下依赖仿真任务调度的STDCMS算法。
针对仿真网格中异构平台的依赖任务调度,提出一种基于选择父任务复制与簇合并相结合的调度算法(Select Task Duplication and Cluster Merge based Scheduling:STDCMS)。该算法既考虑复制其它父任务以减少通讯时间,又尽可能少地复制父任务,而不是盲目复制Cluster中的所有祖先任务,能产生比TDS和OSA算法更短的调度；同时,该算法在不增加调度长度的前提下将负载较轻的处理器上的任务进行了合并,因此减少了处理器数目。
(4)提出了兴趣管理中的三种算法或策略：自适应外推模型与R-树结合的区域匹配算法、基于本体的网格服务匹配算法、HLA层次结构化的组播地址分配策略。
在对HLA数据分发管理的兴趣技术进行研究的基础上,提出了一种将自适应外推模型与R-树结合的区域匹配算法,并对其性能进行了分析和比较实验,验证了所提方法的有效性；提出了一种基于本体的仿真网格服务匹配算法,该方法有效地利用了本体知识,具有可接受的服务匹配时间、较高的匹配成功率和较强的获取网格服务信息的能力,为匹配恰当的网格服务提供了一种可行的机制；提出了一种HLA层次结构化的组播地址分配结构,对组播地址的分配及数据转发算法进行了描述,实验结果表明：层次组播中节点的最大可接收能力消息开销得到显著提高。
(5)提出了与时间同步相关的一种Lookahead的动态调整方法、优化的LBTS计算方法及改进的Frederick算法。
在对HLA的时间管理进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于比例因子和调整窗口的Lookahead动态调整算法；提出了一种将LBTS查询和计算分开的优化设计与实现方法,该方法把主动查询变成被动更新,大大地减少了LBTS通讯次数；探索了死锁的规律性,提出了改进的Frederick算法,解除了原来Frederick算法中的死锁问题。
At present, high level architecture(HLA) is the mainstream of application in distributed simulation technology.Grid is a bottom-layer support framework for high performance computing and data processing in distributed environment and it is able to manage a large number of heterogeneous resources of geographically and organizationally distributed.It is the demand for more development to build the HLA simulation in grid environment and research the key problems.These researchs have a profound theoretical significance and great value of the engineering and have become research focus of simulation community at the international and domestic.
In this paper, the main work and innovative results are as follows:
(1) Proposes a Grid-HLA framework and Proxy-based architecture.
View of the current HLA/RTI limitations exist and the the feasibility of combining grid technology, this paper proposed a distributed simulation framework Grid-HLA by migrating HLA to the grid and designed a Federate-Proxy-RTI architecture system.The system enables different simulator(Federation) interoperability.The Grid-HLA simulation service discovery, implementation process and key components have been studied.The interface of architecture comply with the standard HLA interface characteristics and can achieve reusable and have load-balancing effect.
(2) Proposed the PASMM algorithms and TDMM algorithm of independent simulation task scheduling on heterogeneous platform.
For the independent task scheduling of simulation grid on heterogeneous platform, this paper proposed the priority based on average-standard Min-Min (PASMM)algorithms through the priority analysis of simulation task.Through the trust analysis of recommendation evidence,this paper proposed trust driven Min-Min (TDMM)heuristic algorithm. PASMM algorithm can achieve the unification of low span and short average waiting time.TDMM algorithm can eliminate hot spots of services, improve the dishonest node identification rate and the overall system performance.
(3) Proposed the STDCMS algorithm of dependence simulation task scheduling on heterogeneous platforms.
For the dependent task scheduling of simulation grid on heterogeneous platform, this paper presents a new scheduling algorithm STDCMS based on select replication of the parent task and cluster merging. Not only consider the task of copying other parent in order to reduce communication time, but also as little as possible to copy the parent task, rather than blindly copying all the ancestors of the cluster. This algorithm can produce more than TDS and OSA shorter scheduling algorithms. At the same time, the algorithm merger the tasks of lesser load processor under without increasing the length of scheduling, thereby reducing the number of processors.
(4) Proposed three kinds of algorithms or strategies about interest mangagement:a region matching algorithm of combined adaptive extrapolation model and the R-tree; ontology-based grid service matching algorithm; multicast address allocation strategy of HLA hierarchy
On the basis of the study the interest technology of HLA data distribution management, this paper proposed a region matching algorithm of combined adaptive extrapolation model and the R-tree. The algorithm performance is analyzed and compared through experiment to test the effectiveness of the proposed method; This paper proposed a ontology-based grid service matching algorithm.This method is effective use of the knowledge of ontology.With an acceptable service to match the time, a higher success rate and a strong obtain capacity of grid services information, it provides a viable mechanism for matching the appropriate grid service; This paper proposed a multicast address allocation of HLA hierarchy structure and described the data forwarding algorithm. The results show that:the maximum level of nodes in the multicast reception of the message overhead can be significantly enhanced.
(5) Proposed a dynamic adjustment method of Lookahead associated with time synchronization, LBTS optimization calculation method and the improved algorithm of Frederick.
On the basis of an analysis of HLA time management,this paper proposed a Lookahead dynamic adjustment algorithm based scale factor and adjusting window; this paper Proposed a optimize design and implementation to separate of query from calculation of LBTS. This method can take the initiative check into a passive update, greatly reducing the number of LBTS communications.This paper explores the rules of deadlock and proposed an improved Frederick algorithm and solve the deadlock problem of the original Frederick algorithm.
引文
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