引黄工程水力学仿真研究与设计
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摘要
山西是全国以至全世界水资源奇缺的地区之一，万家寨引黄入晋工程是一个牵系全国的大工程，工程规模仅次于三峡和小浪底，是中国目前在建的第三大水利工程；是从根本上解决山西水资源紧缺、推动山西能源重化工基地全面发展、振兴山西经济的国家重点工程。本文在系统地描述和分析了整个工程后，运用面向对象的分析和设计方法，分别从水力学角度和工程角度设计了水力学仿真系统的对象模型；建立了泵系统、管道和阀门的水力学仿真计算的数学模型。在此基础上，给出了管道、泵系统数值计算流程和阀门关闭曲线的抛物线插值算法的流程。在Windows XP环境下，以上述仿真计算模型和算法为基础，使用Visual C++语言，编程实现了引黄工程管道流和泵系统水力学仿真计算程序，运用实际数据对管道流和泵的水力学瞬变特征进行了仿真计算，并在对仿真系统分析的基础上，设计并编写了部分适合于此水力学系统仿真的软件结构和功能模块
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
类。文中结合多计算机系统的结构特点和水力学仿真计算的特
点，提出了以星型拓扑结构为并行仿真计算机系统拓扑更有利
于改善水力系统仿真并行计算性能，分析和确定了以中央结点
集中“收集一广播”的通信方式进行水力系统并行仿真计算过程
中的任务通信方案，将水力学仿真计算这样的串行计算问题转
变为串并行混合计算的问题，根据水力学仿真结构和模块化仿
真模型的特点，提出了同步并行仿真计算方案，并据此设计了
高效的同步并行仿真算法，这样的算法可有效提高仿真速度，
实现传统仿真方法无法实现的实时仿真。通过对理论和实际仿
真计算结果的分析，可以得出本文所进行的对象的设计，采用
的数学模型、软件分析设计和数值计算方法是可靠的。因此计
算得到的系统特性是精确可靠的，并且与实际发生的工况基本
一致。
Shanxi is one of the worldwide most serious regions in water shortage. The Wanjiazhai Project to Divert Yellow River Water to Shanxi Province is a national key project and the 3rd irrigation works inferior to the project of Three Gorges and Xiaolandi. It will make up the water shortage in Shanxi Province and stimulate the all-round development of the energy, heavy and chemical industries there. Based on analysis of the whole-system, this paper puts forward the object models of the hydraulics computer simulation system from the point of view of hydraulics and project in the way of object-oriented; At the same time, the hydraulics mathematical models are designed and created in terms of the principles of pump, conduit and valve system. Consequently, it is put forward that the flow of numerical calculation of the conduits and pump system, and parabola-insertion algorithm of the flow. Under the environment of Windows XP, according to the model of the hydraulics computer simulation and the algorithm, the hydrauli
cs computer simulation program has been programmed and implemented with MS VC++, which is able to simulate the hydraulics characteristics of a series of transient working conditions. With this program, calculation has been made by applying actual data. After the analysis of the simulation system, structure of software and model of function are designed and
created. Considering the characteristics of multicomputer systems and the algorithm of hydraulics system simulation, the paper puts forward the STAR topology of the connection amongst multiple processors since the root processor of the star could implement our designed collect-assemble-broadcast communication strategy so as to efficiently reduce the communication delay. Thus this serial computing problem is converted into serial-parallel-hybrid computing problem. Consequently, a parallel simulation algorithm is designed according to structure of hydraulics simulation and characteristic of simulation model which can effectively speed up the simulation. After this scheme is applied, the real-time simulation of hydraulics system is realized which traditional methods could never reach. Theoretical analysis and result of practical numerical calculation indicates that mathematical models , design method of software and numerical calculation methods in the paper is exactly reliable. So the characteristics of system
are exactly reliable by calculation. And it tallied with the actual working conditions of the system.
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
类。文中结合多计算机系统的结构特点和水力学仿真计算的特
点，提出了以星型拓扑结构为并行仿真计算机系统拓扑更有利
于改善水力系统仿真并行计算性能，分析和确定了以中央结点
集中“收集一广播”的通信方式进行水力系统并行仿真计算过程
中的任务通信方案，将水力学仿真计算这样的串行计算问题转
变为串并行混合计算的问题，根据水力学仿真结构和模块化仿
真模型的特点，提出了同步并行仿真计算方案，并据此设计了
高效的同步并行仿真算法，这样的算法可有效提高仿真速度，
实现传统仿真方法无法实现的实时仿真。通过对理论和实际仿
真计算结果的分析，可以得出本文所进行的对象的设计，采用
的数学模型、软件分析设计和数值计算方法是可靠的。因此计
算得到的系统特性是精确可靠的，并且与实际发生的工况基本
一致。
Shanxi is one of the worldwide most serious regions in water shortage. The Wanjiazhai Project to Divert Yellow River Water to Shanxi Province is a national key project and the 3rd irrigation works inferior to the project of Three Gorges and Xiaolandi. It will make up the water shortage in Shanxi Province and stimulate the all-round development of the energy, heavy and chemical industries there. Based on analysis of the whole-system, this paper puts forward the object models of the hydraulics computer simulation system from the point of view of hydraulics and project in the way of object-oriented; At the same time, the hydraulics mathematical models are designed and created in terms of the principles of pump, conduit and valve system. Consequently, it is put forward that the flow of numerical calculation of the conduits and pump system, and parabola-insertion algorithm of the flow. Under the environment of Windows XP, according to the model of the hydraulics computer simulation and the algorithm, the hydrauli
cs computer simulation program has been programmed and implemented with MS VC++, which is able to simulate the hydraulics characteristics of a series of transient working conditions. With this program, calculation has been made by applying actual data. After the analysis of the simulation system, structure of software and model of function are designed and
created. Considering the characteristics of multicomputer systems and the algorithm of hydraulics system simulation, the paper puts forward the STAR topology of the connection amongst multiple processors since the root processor of the star could implement our designed collect-assemble-broadcast communication strategy so as to efficiently reduce the communication delay. Thus this serial computing problem is converted into serial-parallel-hybrid computing problem. Consequently, a parallel simulation algorithm is designed according to structure of hydraulics simulation and characteristic of simulation model which can effectively speed up the simulation. After this scheme is applied, the real-time simulation of hydraulics system is realized which traditional methods could never reach. Theoretical analysis and result of practical numerical calculation indicates that mathematical models , design method of software and numerical calculation methods in the paper is exactly reliable. So the characteristics of system
are exactly reliable by calculation. And it tallied with the actual working conditions of the system.
引文
[2] 山西省万家寨引黄入晋工程详细设计说明书．天津水利水电勘测设计院1996．9
[2] 山西省万家寨引黄入晋工程全线自动化系统初步设计报告．天津水利水电勘测设计院1996．9
[3] Peng, X., et al, Real Time Micro-Computer Network Simulation System And Its Application in Flight Simulation, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD BEIJING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SIMULATION AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, Beijing, Oct. 1995, 634-637
[4] 李志华，用局域网实现船舶仿真系统的通讯．一九九七年中国系统仿真学会学术年会论文集(上)，张家界，1997年10月，204-209
[5] 陈德来等，异构型分布式并行实时仿真平台的研究．一九九七年中国系统仿真学会学术年会论文集(上)，1997年10月，张家界，210-215
[6] Afjeh, Abdollah A. et al. Implementing Monitoring and Zooming in a Heterogeneous Distributed Jet Engine Simulation. Simulation, 1997, Vol. 69 No.4, pp.205-218
[7] Obeng, Morrison S. et al. Simulation Study of Performance of a Cluster Based Hypercube Multicomputer. Simulation, 1997, Vol.68 No.4 pp.231-240
[8] 关治，数字计算方法．清华大学出版社，1990
[9] Allievi L, the Theory of Waterhammer, Eglish Translation by Halmos E E, ASME, New York, 1925
[10] Bergeron L, Study on the steady-state Variation in Water-filled conduits, General Graphical Solution, Revue General de L'Hydraulique, 1935, Vol. 1 No. 1
[11] Evangelisti G, Waterhammer Analysis by the Method of Characteristics, Li Energ. Elec, Milan, 1969, Vol. ⅩLⅥ, No. 10,11
[12] Steeter V L, Waterhammer Analysis, ASCE, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1969, 95(HY6)
[13] Tijsseling A S, Vardy AE&Fan D, Fluid Structure Interaction in a T-pipe, Journal of Fluids and Structure, 1996, 10
[14] Tijsseling A S, Vardy AE&Fan D, Fluid Structure Interaction and Cavitation in a Single-elbow Pipe System, Journal of Fluids and Structure, 1996, 10
[15] Lavooij C S W&Tijsseling A S, Fluid-structure Interaction Liquid-filled Piping Systems, Journal of fluids and Structure, 1991, 5
[16] Kruisbrink A C H&Heinxbroek A G J, fluid-structure Interaction in Non-rigid Pipeline System-large Scale Validation Test, Proc. of the Int. Louf. On Pipeline Systems, BHRG, Manchester, March, 1992
[17] 张立翔等，弱约束管道系统水锤研究与进展，水动力学研究与进展，1999．3，
14(1)，101-111
[18] 蒋劲，刘光临等，气穴瞬变基本方程特征根问题研究，华中理工大学报，1997．8，25(8)，80-84
[19] 于永海等，有压瞬变流反向问题研究综述，水利水电科技进展，2000．10，20(5)，32-36
[20] 金玲琴，水锤特征线法的一种等距计算格式，水动力学研究与进展，1997．6，12(2) 35-38
[21] 马素霞，阎庆绂等，截留在管道中气体引起的瞬交流动，第十三届水动力学研究与进展研讨会，贵阳，1999．10
[22] Ma Su Xia, Li Xin, Yah QingFu, Transient Characteristics of Condensate System of a Power Plant, ACFM-8 December 6-10, 1999, Shen Zhen, China.
[23] http://www1.baidu.com/baidu?myselectvalue=0&tn=sitek666&ct=&lm=&myselect=0&word=%CF%D2%BD%D8%B7%A8
[24] Marchal M G Flesh and P Surer, The calculation of Waterhammer Problems by Means of the Digital Computer, Proc. Int. symp. Waterhammer pumped storage projects, ASME, Chicago, Nov. 1965
[25] Steerer V L and E B Wylie, Transient Analysis of Offshore Loading System, J. of Eng. For Industry, Trans, ASME, No.1, Feb.1975, Vol 97, Sec.B
[26] Donsky Benjamin, Complete Pump Characteristics and the Effects of Specific Speeds on Hydraulic Transients, J.Basic Eng. ASME, Dec. 1961
[27] Linton P, Note on Pressure Surge Calculation by the Graphical Method Pump Stoppage after Power Failure, K.J.Enver. BHRA. Fluid Eng. TN447, Aug. 1972
[28] Sheer T J, R J Baasch and M S Gibbs, Computer Analysis of Waterhammer in Pumping System, the south African Mech. Eng, July 1973, Vol 23, No.7, pp. 27-30
[29] 李欣，火电厂凝结水系统瞬变工况特性研究，太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2001．3
[30] 郝晓燕，山西省万家寨引黄工程水力学仿真计算研究，太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2003．5
[31] 刘光临等，泵系统水锤最优阀调节研究，流体工程，1992．5
[32] Halliwell, A.R., Velocity of a Waterhammer Wave in an Elastic Pipe, Jour., Hydraulics Div, Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., July 1963, Vol.89.No.HY4 ,pp. 1-21
[33] Steerer, V.L., and Wylie, E.B., Hydraulic Transients, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1967, pp. 22-52
[34] [加]Chaudhry,M.H., 陈家远、孙诗杰等译，实用水利过渡过程，四川省水力发电工程学会 1985．9 419-420
[35] Lin Xiaohan, Chen Naixiang, Li Hui, Fan Honggang. A new method To represent the pumpturbine characteristics And Its application in the pumpturbine transient simulation. In: ⅪⅩ IAHR Symposium. Singapore, 1998.11 9～11
[36] 山西省万家寨引黄工程全系统运行水力瞬变计算报告，中国水利水电科学研究院 1999．9 4-16，21-25，21-25
[37] 山西省万家寨引黄工程一期工程简介，山西省万家寨引黄工程总公司 1996
[38] 吴建华，供水泵站工程计算机实用优化技术，中国商业出版社，1999．2，68
[39] 郭健强，龚杰民，构件软件与面向对象技术，西安电子科技大学学报，1998．12 25(6)719-724
[40] Streeter, V.L., Fluid Mechanics, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1966.
[41] Wylie, C.R., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1967
[42] [加]Chaudhry,M.H，陈家远、孙诗杰等译．实用水利过渡过程．四川省水力发电工程学会 1985．9 419-420
[43] 薛松，杨彬，赵栋伟等，Visual C++6.0编程实例，人民邮电出版社，1999．8
[44] 罗大卫，基于软部件和构架技术的CAI软件，现代计算机，1999
[45] (美)刘润东，UML对象设计与编程，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[46] Culler, D., et al, LogP: Towards A Realistic Model of Parallel Computation, PROC.4TH ACM PPOPP, May 1993 1-12
[47] Alexandrov A., et al. LogGP: Incorporating Long Messages into the LogP Model - One Step Closer Towards a Realistic Model of Parallel Computation. Proceedings of 7th Annual ACM Symposium Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, July 1995 95-105
[48] lannello, Giulio. Efficient Algorithms for the Reduce-Scatter Operation in LogGP. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1997, Vol.8 No.9 pp.970-952
[49] Chandry M H. Applied Hydraulic Transients. Canada: Van Nostrand Reinhoib Ltd, 1979
[50] 吴持恭，水力学，高等教育出版社，1998
[51] [美]E B怀利，V L斯特里特，瞬变流，水利水电出版社，2000
[52] 苏铭德，计算流体力学基础，清华大学出版社，1997
[53] 孙祥海等，计算流体力学导论，上海交通大学出版社，1987
[2] 山西省万家寨引黄入晋工程全线自动化系统初步设计报告．天津水利水电勘测设计院1996．9
[3] Peng, X., et al, Real Time Micro-Computer Network Simulation System And Its Application in Flight Simulation, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD BEIJING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SIMULATION AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, Beijing, Oct. 1995, 634-637
[4] 李志华，用局域网实现船舶仿真系统的通讯．一九九七年中国系统仿真学会学术年会论文集(上)，张家界，1997年10月，204-209
[5] 陈德来等，异构型分布式并行实时仿真平台的研究．一九九七年中国系统仿真学会学术年会论文集(上)，1997年10月，张家界，210-215
[6] Afjeh, Abdollah A. et al. Implementing Monitoring and Zooming in a Heterogeneous Distributed Jet Engine Simulation. Simulation, 1997, Vol. 69 No.4, pp.205-218
[7] Obeng, Morrison S. et al. Simulation Study of Performance of a Cluster Based Hypercube Multicomputer. Simulation, 1997, Vol.68 No.4 pp.231-240
[8] 关治，数字计算方法．清华大学出版社，1990
[9] Allievi L, the Theory of Waterhammer, Eglish Translation by Halmos E E, ASME, New York, 1925
[10] Bergeron L, Study on the steady-state Variation in Water-filled conduits, General Graphical Solution, Revue General de L'Hydraulique, 1935, Vol. 1 No. 1
[11] Evangelisti G, Waterhammer Analysis by the Method of Characteristics, Li Energ. Elec, Milan, 1969, Vol. ⅩLⅥ, No. 10,11
[12] Steeter V L, Waterhammer Analysis, ASCE, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1969, 95(HY6)
[13] Tijsseling A S, Vardy AE&Fan D, Fluid Structure Interaction in a T-pipe, Journal of Fluids and Structure, 1996, 10
[14] Tijsseling A S, Vardy AE&Fan D, Fluid Structure Interaction and Cavitation in a Single-elbow Pipe System, Journal of Fluids and Structure, 1996, 10
[15] Lavooij C S W&Tijsseling A S, Fluid-structure Interaction Liquid-filled Piping Systems, Journal of fluids and Structure, 1991, 5
[16] Kruisbrink A C H&Heinxbroek A G J, fluid-structure Interaction in Non-rigid Pipeline System-large Scale Validation Test, Proc. of the Int. Louf. On Pipeline Systems, BHRG, Manchester, March, 1992
[17] 张立翔等，弱约束管道系统水锤研究与进展，水动力学研究与进展，1999．3，
14(1)，101-111
[18] 蒋劲，刘光临等，气穴瞬变基本方程特征根问题研究，华中理工大学报，1997．8，25(8)，80-84
[19] 于永海等，有压瞬变流反向问题研究综述，水利水电科技进展，2000．10，20(5)，32-36
[20] 金玲琴，水锤特征线法的一种等距计算格式，水动力学研究与进展，1997．6，12(2) 35-38
[21] 马素霞，阎庆绂等，截留在管道中气体引起的瞬交流动，第十三届水动力学研究与进展研讨会，贵阳，1999．10
[22] Ma Su Xia, Li Xin, Yah QingFu, Transient Characteristics of Condensate System of a Power Plant, ACFM-8 December 6-10, 1999, Shen Zhen, China.
[23] http://www1.baidu.com/baidu?myselectvalue=0&tn=sitek666&ct=&lm=&myselect=0&word=%CF%D2%BD%D8%B7%A8
[24] Marchal M G Flesh and P Surer, The calculation of Waterhammer Problems by Means of the Digital Computer, Proc. Int. symp. Waterhammer pumped storage projects, ASME, Chicago, Nov. 1965
[25] Steerer V L and E B Wylie, Transient Analysis of Offshore Loading System, J. of Eng. For Industry, Trans, ASME, No.1, Feb.1975, Vol 97, Sec.B
[26] Donsky Benjamin, Complete Pump Characteristics and the Effects of Specific Speeds on Hydraulic Transients, J.Basic Eng. ASME, Dec. 1961
[27] Linton P, Note on Pressure Surge Calculation by the Graphical Method Pump Stoppage after Power Failure, K.J.Enver. BHRA. Fluid Eng. TN447, Aug. 1972
[28] Sheer T J, R J Baasch and M S Gibbs, Computer Analysis of Waterhammer in Pumping System, the south African Mech. Eng, July 1973, Vol 23, No.7, pp. 27-30
[29] 李欣，火电厂凝结水系统瞬变工况特性研究，太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2001．3
[30] 郝晓燕，山西省万家寨引黄工程水力学仿真计算研究，太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2003．5
[31] 刘光临等，泵系统水锤最优阀调节研究，流体工程，1992．5
[32] Halliwell, A.R., Velocity of a Waterhammer Wave in an Elastic Pipe, Jour., Hydraulics Div, Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., July 1963, Vol.89.No.HY4 ,pp. 1-21
[33] Steerer, V.L., and Wylie, E.B., Hydraulic Transients, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1967, pp. 22-52
[34] [加]Chaudhry,M.H., 陈家远、孙诗杰等译，实用水利过渡过程，四川省水力发电工程学会 1985．9 419-420
[35] Lin Xiaohan, Chen Naixiang, Li Hui, Fan Honggang. A new method To represent the pumpturbine characteristics And Its application in the pumpturbine transient simulation. In: ⅪⅩ IAHR Symposium. Singapore, 1998.11 9～11
[36] 山西省万家寨引黄工程全系统运行水力瞬变计算报告，中国水利水电科学研究院 1999．9 4-16，21-25，21-25
[37] 山西省万家寨引黄工程一期工程简介，山西省万家寨引黄工程总公司 1996
[38] 吴建华，供水泵站工程计算机实用优化技术，中国商业出版社，1999．2，68
[39] 郭健强，龚杰民，构件软件与面向对象技术，西安电子科技大学学报，1998．12 25(6)719-724
[40] Streeter, V.L., Fluid Mechanics, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1966.
[41] Wylie, C.R., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1967
[42] [加]Chaudhry,M.H，陈家远、孙诗杰等译．实用水利过渡过程．四川省水力发电工程学会 1985．9 419-420
[43] 薛松，杨彬，赵栋伟等，Visual C++6.0编程实例，人民邮电出版社，1999．8
[44] 罗大卫，基于软部件和构架技术的CAI软件，现代计算机，1999
[45] (美)刘润东，UML对象设计与编程，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[46] Culler, D., et al, LogP: Towards A Realistic Model of Parallel Computation, PROC.4TH ACM PPOPP, May 1993 1-12
[47] Alexandrov A., et al. LogGP: Incorporating Long Messages into the LogP Model - One Step Closer Towards a Realistic Model of Parallel Computation. Proceedings of 7th Annual ACM Symposium Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, July 1995 95-105
[48] lannello, Giulio. Efficient Algorithms for the Reduce-Scatter Operation in LogGP. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1997, Vol.8 No.9 pp.970-952
[49] Chandry M H. Applied Hydraulic Transients. Canada: Van Nostrand Reinhoib Ltd, 1979
[50] 吴持恭，水力学，高等教育出版社，1998
[51] [美]E B怀利，V L斯特里特，瞬变流，水利水电出版社，2000
[52] 苏铭德，计算流体力学基础，清华大学出版社，1997
[53] 孙祥海等，计算流体力学导论，上海交通大学出版社，1987