复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力研究
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摘要
提高企业的自主创新能力是实现产业结构调整与转型的关键环节。复杂产品系统是指研发投入大、技术含量高、生产周期长、单件或小批量定制化生产的大型产品、系统或基础设施。复杂产品系统集成商创新能力的高低直接决定着整个制造业生产效率的提高,且可以带动整个产业的技术升级与产业发展。英国和欧盟国家通过复杂产品系统创新实现了产业结构的合理调整,且成为其在国际经济中竞争优势的主要来源。中国制造业“大而不强”的一个突出表现就是复杂产品系统制造业创新能力的薄弱,且因价值链控制权的缺失中国制造业始终处于全球产业链的低端。因此,如何有效提升具有控制力效应的复杂产品系统集成商创新能力成为国家经济发展和技术提升过程中亟需关注的议题。
本论文以复杂产品系统制造集成商为研究对象,通过理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,系统展开复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力研究,深入挖掘创新控制力的结构维度,并通过静态与动态相结合的研究视角,揭开复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力结构维度的关键要素及其在企业发展过程中的演化特点。本研究主体内容包括四个部分：
第一,在对复杂产品系统创新过程与特点等相关文献分析的基础上,运用探索性单案例研究与调查统计分析相结合的方法,得出复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力包括三个结构维度,即：核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力。进一步通过理论分析,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新的核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力分别包含不同的关键要素,且从动态视角得出核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力在复杂产品系统制造企业发展的不同阶段表现出不同的演化特点。因此,构建基于三个创新控制力结构维度和演化特点的复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力整合框架。
第二,运用文献研究与探索性多案例研究方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新核心技术控制力的三个关键要素,即自主产品价值、技术体系平台和组合集成创新。在此基础上,基于企业进化理论,从动态视角构建了复杂产品系统创新核心技术控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中的演化特点的解释框架：自主产品价值——选择机制、技术体系平台——遗传机制、组合集成创新——变异机制,并运用验证性多案例研究方法对研究框架进行了检验。
第三,运用文献研究和探索性单案例研究方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新组织控制力的三个关键要素,即价值链分解权、多组织协同控制和交互式组织学习。在此基础上,从动态视角运用调查统计嵌入式探索性单案例研究方法,得出复杂产品系统创新组织控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中均有所提高,但其变化速度和在组织控制力中的主导地位存在差异。企业发展第一阶段,组织控制力主要表现为交互式组织学习能力,企业发展第二阶段,多组织协同控制能力相对第一阶段有了很大提高,该阶段企业的组织学习吸收能力也有进一步的提高,企业发展第三阶段,企业的组织控制力主要表现为多组织协同控制能力。
第四,运用探索性多案例嵌入式调查统计分析方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新市场控制力的三个关键要素,即政治政策能力、差异竞争能力和客户价值链管理能力。在此基础上,运用数学模型方法构建复杂产品系统创新市场控制力函数,并从动态视角基于企业生命周期理论,通过对函数及参数影响因素的分析阐释复杂产品系统创新市场控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中的演化规律,即市场控制力总体呈增长趋势,其中政治政策能力表现为由强到弱的演化趋势,差异竞争能力和客户价值链管理能力均表现为由弱到强的演变趋势。
Enhancing the capability of independent innovation is a key link in the industrial structure adjustment and transformation. Complex product and systems are high-technology and high-value capital goods, such as telecommunications systems, flight simulators, high-speed trains, air traffic control systems, intelligent buildings, weapon systems, and baggage handling systems. UK and EU countries have achieved reasonable adjustment of the industrial structure through Complex Product Systems innovations, and they have become the main source of its competitive advantage in the international economy. A major reason of "big but not strong" in China's manufacturing industry mainly results of weak innovation capability of Complex Product Systems manufacturing. Therefore, how to effectively enhance innovation capacity of Complex Product and Systems becomes a urgent issue that has to be pay attention to in context of country's economic development and technological advancement.
Complex Product and Systems manufacturers are taken as this paper's study object, also theoretical research and empirical research are combined as the method. This paper systematic researched the driving forces of Complex Product Systems Innovation in sight of cotrolling, deeply studied the core elements of the innovation capabilities, and also uncovered dimension of the structure of the core elements of the driving force and its evolution in the process of enterprise development model and features in combination of static and dynamic perspective. The main content consists of four parts:
First, on basis of literature of innovation processes and characteristics of Complex Product and Systems, draw three key innovation capabilities of Complex Product Systems innovation with mixed methods of exploratory single case study and survey analysis, including capabilities of core technology control, dynamic capabilities and capabilities of market control. Furthermore. it was concluded that there are different structural dimension of these three driving forces based on theoretical analysis. Also, there are different evolution pattern and characteristics of these three driving forces during different stages of development of complex products manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, an integration framework based on the structural dimension and the evolution of the characteristics of the three driving force of Complex Product Systems innovation was built.
Second, three structural dimensions of capabilities complex product and system innovative were concluded from a static perspective based on literature research and exploratory multi-case study method. They are the independent value of the product, technical system platform, and a combination of integrated innovation. On this basis, based on the enterprise theory of evolution, an explanatory framework of the evolution process of three structural dimension of capabilities of core technology control during the enterprise development was built in sight of dynamic perspective:independent product value-selection mechanism, technical system platform-genetic mechanisms, the combination of integrated innovation-mutation mechanism, and finally the research framework was also tested by multi-case study method.
Third, the use of literature research and exploratory single case study method, Complex Product Systems Innovation the three structural dimensions of the organizational controll capabilities derived from a static perspective, the perception of the value chain decomposition rights, multi-organizational coordination control and interactive learning ability. On this basis, from a controll perspective, the use of survey embedded exploratory single case study methods, draw three structural dimensions of the complex system innovation organizational control capabilities have improved in the process of enterprise development, but the pace of change in the dynamic capabilities the dominant position differences. Enterprise development, the first phase, organizational control capabilities mainly organizational learning absorption capacity, the second stage of corporate development, multi-organizational collaborative control capability has been greatly improved relative to the first stage, the stage of the enterprise organizational learning absorption capacity also further improved, the third phase of the development of enterprises, mainly of organizational controll capabilities for multi-organizational collaborative control capabilities.
Fourth, the use of exploratory multi-case embedded survey analysis method, derived from a static perspective Complex Product Systems Innovation the three structural dimension of the control of the market, it shall be the capabilities of political policy capacity, differences competitiveness capacity and customer value chain management capabilities. On this basis, the use of mathematical models to build complex system innovation in control of the market function and explain the three structural dimensions of Complex Product Systems Innovation control of the market from a dynamic perspective based on the enterprise life cycle theory, based on the analysis of the functions and parameters influencing factors the evolution process of enterprise development, that is, control of the market overall upward trend, which deal with government capacity performance by the strong to weak evolutionary trends, respond to customer and respond to competitive ability showed weak to strong evolution trend on the ground.
本论文以复杂产品系统制造集成商为研究对象,通过理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,系统展开复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力研究,深入挖掘创新控制力的结构维度,并通过静态与动态相结合的研究视角,揭开复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力结构维度的关键要素及其在企业发展过程中的演化特点。本研究主体内容包括四个部分：
第一,在对复杂产品系统创新过程与特点等相关文献分析的基础上,运用探索性单案例研究与调查统计分析相结合的方法,得出复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力包括三个结构维度,即：核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力。进一步通过理论分析,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新的核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力分别包含不同的关键要素,且从动态视角得出核心技术控制力、组织控制力和市场控制力在复杂产品系统制造企业发展的不同阶段表现出不同的演化特点。因此,构建基于三个创新控制力结构维度和演化特点的复杂产品系统集成商创新控制力整合框架。
第二,运用文献研究与探索性多案例研究方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新核心技术控制力的三个关键要素,即自主产品价值、技术体系平台和组合集成创新。在此基础上,基于企业进化理论,从动态视角构建了复杂产品系统创新核心技术控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中的演化特点的解释框架：自主产品价值——选择机制、技术体系平台——遗传机制、组合集成创新——变异机制,并运用验证性多案例研究方法对研究框架进行了检验。
第三,运用文献研究和探索性单案例研究方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新组织控制力的三个关键要素,即价值链分解权、多组织协同控制和交互式组织学习。在此基础上,从动态视角运用调查统计嵌入式探索性单案例研究方法,得出复杂产品系统创新组织控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中均有所提高,但其变化速度和在组织控制力中的主导地位存在差异。企业发展第一阶段,组织控制力主要表现为交互式组织学习能力,企业发展第二阶段,多组织协同控制能力相对第一阶段有了很大提高,该阶段企业的组织学习吸收能力也有进一步的提高,企业发展第三阶段,企业的组织控制力主要表现为多组织协同控制能力。
第四,运用探索性多案例嵌入式调查统计分析方法,从静态视角得出复杂产品系统创新市场控制力的三个关键要素,即政治政策能力、差异竞争能力和客户价值链管理能力。在此基础上,运用数学模型方法构建复杂产品系统创新市场控制力函数,并从动态视角基于企业生命周期理论,通过对函数及参数影响因素的分析阐释复杂产品系统创新市场控制力三个关键要素在企业发展过程中的演化规律,即市场控制力总体呈增长趋势,其中政治政策能力表现为由强到弱的演化趋势,差异竞争能力和客户价值链管理能力均表现为由弱到强的演变趋势。
Enhancing the capability of independent innovation is a key link in the industrial structure adjustment and transformation. Complex product and systems are high-technology and high-value capital goods, such as telecommunications systems, flight simulators, high-speed trains, air traffic control systems, intelligent buildings, weapon systems, and baggage handling systems. UK and EU countries have achieved reasonable adjustment of the industrial structure through Complex Product Systems innovations, and they have become the main source of its competitive advantage in the international economy. A major reason of "big but not strong" in China's manufacturing industry mainly results of weak innovation capability of Complex Product Systems manufacturing. Therefore, how to effectively enhance innovation capacity of Complex Product and Systems becomes a urgent issue that has to be pay attention to in context of country's economic development and technological advancement.
Complex Product and Systems manufacturers are taken as this paper's study object, also theoretical research and empirical research are combined as the method. This paper systematic researched the driving forces of Complex Product Systems Innovation in sight of cotrolling, deeply studied the core elements of the innovation capabilities, and also uncovered dimension of the structure of the core elements of the driving force and its evolution in the process of enterprise development model and features in combination of static and dynamic perspective. The main content consists of four parts:
First, on basis of literature of innovation processes and characteristics of Complex Product and Systems, draw three key innovation capabilities of Complex Product Systems innovation with mixed methods of exploratory single case study and survey analysis, including capabilities of core technology control, dynamic capabilities and capabilities of market control. Furthermore. it was concluded that there are different structural dimension of these three driving forces based on theoretical analysis. Also, there are different evolution pattern and characteristics of these three driving forces during different stages of development of complex products manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, an integration framework based on the structural dimension and the evolution of the characteristics of the three driving force of Complex Product Systems innovation was built.
Second, three structural dimensions of capabilities complex product and system innovative were concluded from a static perspective based on literature research and exploratory multi-case study method. They are the independent value of the product, technical system platform, and a combination of integrated innovation. On this basis, based on the enterprise theory of evolution, an explanatory framework of the evolution process of three structural dimension of capabilities of core technology control during the enterprise development was built in sight of dynamic perspective:independent product value-selection mechanism, technical system platform-genetic mechanisms, the combination of integrated innovation-mutation mechanism, and finally the research framework was also tested by multi-case study method.
Third, the use of literature research and exploratory single case study method, Complex Product Systems Innovation the three structural dimensions of the organizational controll capabilities derived from a static perspective, the perception of the value chain decomposition rights, multi-organizational coordination control and interactive learning ability. On this basis, from a controll perspective, the use of survey embedded exploratory single case study methods, draw three structural dimensions of the complex system innovation organizational control capabilities have improved in the process of enterprise development, but the pace of change in the dynamic capabilities the dominant position differences. Enterprise development, the first phase, organizational control capabilities mainly organizational learning absorption capacity, the second stage of corporate development, multi-organizational collaborative control capability has been greatly improved relative to the first stage, the stage of the enterprise organizational learning absorption capacity also further improved, the third phase of the development of enterprises, mainly of organizational controll capabilities for multi-organizational collaborative control capabilities.
Fourth, the use of exploratory multi-case embedded survey analysis method, derived from a static perspective Complex Product Systems Innovation the three structural dimension of the control of the market, it shall be the capabilities of political policy capacity, differences competitiveness capacity and customer value chain management capabilities. On this basis, the use of mathematical models to build complex system innovation in control of the market function and explain the three structural dimensions of Complex Product Systems Innovation control of the market from a dynamic perspective based on the enterprise life cycle theory, based on the analysis of the functions and parameters influencing factors the evolution process of enterprise development, that is, control of the market overall upward trend, which deal with government capacity performance by the strong to weak evolutionary trends, respond to customer and respond to competitive ability showed weak to strong evolution trend on the ground.
引文
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