农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素及绩效研究
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摘要
农业是我国国民经济的基础,我国农业在飞速发展的同时也带来了大量的资源环境问题。农业环境污染威胁粮食安全和农产品质量安全,已经引起国家的高度关注。农业企业是农业产业化经营的重要形式,是农户与市场联系的纽带,农业企业既是农业技术创新的主要推动者、主要农产品的直接提供者和现代农业发展的促进者,也是农村环境污染的主要制造者,农业企业成为农业环境治理的重要主体。农业企业环境友好战略是政府、非政府组织、消费者等利益相关者高度关注的问题。目前关于农业企业环境友好战略的全面、系统的研究比较缺乏。本研究旨在通过对农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素及绩效的研究,进一步丰富和发展企业战略管理和环境管理理论,为其他研究者开展本领域的研究提供理论借鉴,也可以为农业企业制定环境友好战略和政府制定环境政策提供实践参考。
本文以可持续发展理论、利益相关者理论、企业社会责任理论、系统管理理论等相关理论为指导,以农业企业为研究对象,设计相关问卷,对四川232家农业企业进行了实地调查,从认知和行动两个维度对农业企业环境友好战略进行了探讨,分析了四川农业企业环境友好战略的现状,对农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素进行理论分析,认为农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素包括环境规制、公众压力、市场压力、组织特征等几个方面；引入博弈论的分析方法对农业企业环境战略决策的相关主体进行了分析,建立了农业企业环境友好战略绩效的评价指标体系,对农业企业环境友好战略的绩效评价则采用多级模糊综合评价方法,并以四川XH农业开发公司为案例,对其绩效进行了评价。最后提出农业企业环境友好战略有效实施的对策建议。
通过理论和实证分析,本文获得了以下结论：(1)农业企业环境友好战略可以从认知和行动两个维度分为前瞻型、跟随型、反应型、预防型四种类型。四川农业企业更多实施的是反应型和预防型环境友好战略。(2)农业企业环境友好战略的关键影响因素是环境规制、市场压力和企业规模,公众压力、所有制结构、企业历史对农业企业环境友好战略的影响不显著。(3)博弈分析表明,政府规制、其他农业企业以及中央政府与地方政府的行为差异会对农业企业环境友好战略产生影响。(4)农业企业环境友好战略的绩效可以用平衡计分卡与关键绩效指标整合进行评价。建立的农业企业环境友好战略绩效评价指标体系既可为企业、政府、利益相关者等评价农业企业环境友好战略的绩效提供科学依据,又可以为农业企业建立资源节约、环境友好、气候安全型生产体系提供参考。
据此,本研究提出以下对策建议：(1)政府有关部门应进一步完善激励约束机制,强化政府环保职能,健全和完善环境保护的法律法规,完善参与式环境管理相关制度。(2)增强农业企业实施环境友好战略的经济动力。完善生态补偿政策,建立生态补偿机制,积极推行排污权交易和碳汇贸易。(3)提高农业企业管理者以及公众的环保意识,倡导绿色消费理念。(4)推动农业企业实施“三型”生产方式,大力发展循环经济。(5)逐步实现农业企业的规模经营。通过土地流转来促进土地使用权向农业龙头企业和大户集中,建设低碳农业示范园区以实现规模经济。
本文的创新之处主要体现在：(1)本文以农业企业为研究对象,基于认知和行动的视角,系统研究了农业企业环境友好战略及其影响因素,在理论分析的基础上设计了测量量表,并以四川232家农业企业为例对其进行了实证分析。(2)将平衡记分卡和关键绩效指标结合起来,建立了农业企业环境友好战略绩效的评价指标体系,这是既往研究所缺乏的。(3)采用博弈论的分析方法对农业企业环境战略决策涉及的利益主体进行了深入分析,进一步提升了农业企业环境战略决策的有效性；通过实证调研得出了一系列有价值的结论,这为政府环境政策的制定和农业企业环境友好战略的实施提供了一定的理论指导。
Agriculture is the foundation of our national economy, with rapid development, China's agriculture has also brought a lot of resources and environmental problems. Agricultural environmental pollution bring threat to food security and the quality and safety of agricultural products, It has been highly concerned by the state. Agricultural enterprises is an important form of agricultural industrialization, it is a link between the farmers and market, Agricultural enterprises is not only the prime promoters of agricultural technology innovation, the direct provider of major agricultural products and facilitator of the development of modern agriculture, but also is a major manufacturer of environmental pollution in rural areas. Agricultural enterprises has become an important subject of agricultural environmental governance. Agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy is an issue of great concern by the government, non-governmental organizations, consumers and other stakeholders. The present study on agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy comprehensive and systematic is relatively lack. This research aims to study the influencing factors of the agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy and performance, further enrich and develop corporate strategic management and environmental management theory. provide a theoretical reference for other researchers in this field, it can also provide practical reference for agricultural enterprises to develop environment-friendly strategies and government formulates environmental policy.
The theories related to the sustainable development theory, stakeholder theory, corporate social responsibility theory, system management theory is the guidance of this article, we took agricultural enterprises as the research object, designed question-naire, conducted a field survey of232agricultural enterprises in Sichuan, Agricultural enterprise environment-friendly strategies are discussed from two dimensions of cognition and action, we analyzed the status quo of Sichuan Agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy. then we analyzed theoretically on influencing factors of agriculture enterprise environmental friendly strategy, we think that factors include aspects of environmental regulation, public pressure, the market pressure, organizational characteristics. Using the game theory analysis method to analyze agricultural enterprises environmental strategy decision, Using multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the performance of agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy.Established agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategic performance evaluation index system, Multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is use to evaluate the performance, we take Sichuan XH Agricultural Development Corporation as a case study to evaluate its performance. And finally put forward some countermeasures and proposals for the effective implementation of agriculture enterprise environmental friendly strategy
Through theoretical and empirical analysis, we got the following conclusions(1) From the two dimensions of perception and action, agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy can be divided into four types of prospective, following, reactive, preventive. Sichuan agricultural enterprises more choices reactive and preventive environmentally friendly strategy.(2) The key influence factors of agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategic is the environmental regulation, market pressures and firm size, public pressure, ownership structure, corporate history is not significant.(3) Game Analysis showed that government regulation, other agricultural enterprises and the differences in behavior of and the central government and local government will affect agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy.(4) The performance of the agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy can be integrated balanced scorecard and key performance indicators for evaluation.. The evaluation index system can provide a scientific basis for corporate, government, and other stakeholders in evaluation of the performance of the agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy, but also for agricultural enterprises to establish a resource-saving and environment-friendly, the climate security production systems to provide a reference.
Accordingly, this study proposes the following suggestions:(1) The government departments should further improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthen the government's environmental protection functions, improve and perfect the laws and regulations of the environmental protection, improve the participatory environmental management system.(2)Enhance the economic vitality of the agricultural enterprises to implement environmentally friendly strategy, we should improve the ecological compensation policy, establish ecological compensation mechanism, promote the emission trading and carbon trade actively.(3)Improve the managers of agricultural enterprises as well as public awareness of environmental protection, advocate green consumption concept.(4) Promote agricultural enterprises to implement the "three-type" of production, vigorously develop the circular economy.(5) Realize the scale of operation of agricultural enterprises progressively, Through the transfer of land to promote land use rights to the leading agricultural enterprises and large concentration, build a low-carbon agricultural demonstration zone in order to achieve economies of scale.
The innovation points of this paper are as follows:(1) We take agricultural enterprises as the research object, based on the perspective of cognition and action, We studied agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy and its influencing factors systematically, designed the measurement scale on the basis of theoretical analysis, take232agricultural enterprises in Sichuan as example for an empirical analysis.(2) Combined the balanced scorecard and key performance indicators, established agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategic performance evaluation index system, this is the lack of previous research.(3) We use game theory to analyze the environmental strategic decision of agricultural enterprises, further enhance the effectiveness of the strategic decisions of the agricultural enterprise environment; A series of valuable conclusions are derived through empirical research, This provides a theoretical guidance for government environmental policy formulation and implementation of the agricultural enterprise environment-friendly strategy.
本文以可持续发展理论、利益相关者理论、企业社会责任理论、系统管理理论等相关理论为指导,以农业企业为研究对象,设计相关问卷,对四川232家农业企业进行了实地调查,从认知和行动两个维度对农业企业环境友好战略进行了探讨,分析了四川农业企业环境友好战略的现状,对农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素进行理论分析,认为农业企业环境友好战略的影响因素包括环境规制、公众压力、市场压力、组织特征等几个方面；引入博弈论的分析方法对农业企业环境战略决策的相关主体进行了分析,建立了农业企业环境友好战略绩效的评价指标体系,对农业企业环境友好战略的绩效评价则采用多级模糊综合评价方法,并以四川XH农业开发公司为案例,对其绩效进行了评价。最后提出农业企业环境友好战略有效实施的对策建议。
通过理论和实证分析,本文获得了以下结论：(1)农业企业环境友好战略可以从认知和行动两个维度分为前瞻型、跟随型、反应型、预防型四种类型。四川农业企业更多实施的是反应型和预防型环境友好战略。(2)农业企业环境友好战略的关键影响因素是环境规制、市场压力和企业规模,公众压力、所有制结构、企业历史对农业企业环境友好战略的影响不显著。(3)博弈分析表明,政府规制、其他农业企业以及中央政府与地方政府的行为差异会对农业企业环境友好战略产生影响。(4)农业企业环境友好战略的绩效可以用平衡计分卡与关键绩效指标整合进行评价。建立的农业企业环境友好战略绩效评价指标体系既可为企业、政府、利益相关者等评价农业企业环境友好战略的绩效提供科学依据,又可以为农业企业建立资源节约、环境友好、气候安全型生产体系提供参考。
据此,本研究提出以下对策建议：(1)政府有关部门应进一步完善激励约束机制,强化政府环保职能,健全和完善环境保护的法律法规,完善参与式环境管理相关制度。(2)增强农业企业实施环境友好战略的经济动力。完善生态补偿政策,建立生态补偿机制,积极推行排污权交易和碳汇贸易。(3)提高农业企业管理者以及公众的环保意识,倡导绿色消费理念。(4)推动农业企业实施“三型”生产方式,大力发展循环经济。(5)逐步实现农业企业的规模经营。通过土地流转来促进土地使用权向农业龙头企业和大户集中,建设低碳农业示范园区以实现规模经济。
本文的创新之处主要体现在：(1)本文以农业企业为研究对象,基于认知和行动的视角,系统研究了农业企业环境友好战略及其影响因素,在理论分析的基础上设计了测量量表,并以四川232家农业企业为例对其进行了实证分析。(2)将平衡记分卡和关键绩效指标结合起来,建立了农业企业环境友好战略绩效的评价指标体系,这是既往研究所缺乏的。(3)采用博弈论的分析方法对农业企业环境战略决策涉及的利益主体进行了深入分析,进一步提升了农业企业环境战略决策的有效性；通过实证调研得出了一系列有价值的结论,这为政府环境政策的制定和农业企业环境友好战略的实施提供了一定的理论指导。
Agriculture is the foundation of our national economy, with rapid development, China's agriculture has also brought a lot of resources and environmental problems. Agricultural environmental pollution bring threat to food security and the quality and safety of agricultural products, It has been highly concerned by the state. Agricultural enterprises is an important form of agricultural industrialization, it is a link between the farmers and market, Agricultural enterprises is not only the prime promoters of agricultural technology innovation, the direct provider of major agricultural products and facilitator of the development of modern agriculture, but also is a major manufacturer of environmental pollution in rural areas. Agricultural enterprises has become an important subject of agricultural environmental governance. Agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy is an issue of great concern by the government, non-governmental organizations, consumers and other stakeholders. The present study on agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy comprehensive and systematic is relatively lack. This research aims to study the influencing factors of the agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy and performance, further enrich and develop corporate strategic management and environmental management theory. provide a theoretical reference for other researchers in this field, it can also provide practical reference for agricultural enterprises to develop environment-friendly strategies and government formulates environmental policy.
The theories related to the sustainable development theory, stakeholder theory, corporate social responsibility theory, system management theory is the guidance of this article, we took agricultural enterprises as the research object, designed question-naire, conducted a field survey of232agricultural enterprises in Sichuan, Agricultural enterprise environment-friendly strategies are discussed from two dimensions of cognition and action, we analyzed the status quo of Sichuan Agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy. then we analyzed theoretically on influencing factors of agriculture enterprise environmental friendly strategy, we think that factors include aspects of environmental regulation, public pressure, the market pressure, organizational characteristics. Using the game theory analysis method to analyze agricultural enterprises environmental strategy decision, Using multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the performance of agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy.Established agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategic performance evaluation index system, Multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is use to evaluate the performance, we take Sichuan XH Agricultural Development Corporation as a case study to evaluate its performance. And finally put forward some countermeasures and proposals for the effective implementation of agriculture enterprise environmental friendly strategy
Through theoretical and empirical analysis, we got the following conclusions(1) From the two dimensions of perception and action, agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy can be divided into four types of prospective, following, reactive, preventive. Sichuan agricultural enterprises more choices reactive and preventive environmentally friendly strategy.(2) The key influence factors of agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategic is the environmental regulation, market pressures and firm size, public pressure, ownership structure, corporate history is not significant.(3) Game Analysis showed that government regulation, other agricultural enterprises and the differences in behavior of and the central government and local government will affect agricultural enterprise environment friendly strategy.(4) The performance of the agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy can be integrated balanced scorecard and key performance indicators for evaluation.. The evaluation index system can provide a scientific basis for corporate, government, and other stakeholders in evaluation of the performance of the agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy, but also for agricultural enterprises to establish a resource-saving and environment-friendly, the climate security production systems to provide a reference.
Accordingly, this study proposes the following suggestions:(1) The government departments should further improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthen the government's environmental protection functions, improve and perfect the laws and regulations of the environmental protection, improve the participatory environmental management system.(2)Enhance the economic vitality of the agricultural enterprises to implement environmentally friendly strategy, we should improve the ecological compensation policy, establish ecological compensation mechanism, promote the emission trading and carbon trade actively.(3)Improve the managers of agricultural enterprises as well as public awareness of environmental protection, advocate green consumption concept.(4) Promote agricultural enterprises to implement the "three-type" of production, vigorously develop the circular economy.(5) Realize the scale of operation of agricultural enterprises progressively, Through the transfer of land to promote land use rights to the leading agricultural enterprises and large concentration, build a low-carbon agricultural demonstration zone in order to achieve economies of scale.
The innovation points of this paper are as follows:(1) We take agricultural enterprises as the research object, based on the perspective of cognition and action, We studied agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategy and its influencing factors systematically, designed the measurement scale on the basis of theoretical analysis, take232agricultural enterprises in Sichuan as example for an empirical analysis.(2) Combined the balanced scorecard and key performance indicators, established agricultural enterprises environmentally friendly strategic performance evaluation index system, this is the lack of previous research.(3) We use game theory to analyze the environmental strategic decision of agricultural enterprises, further enhance the effectiveness of the strategic decisions of the agricultural enterprise environment; A series of valuable conclusions are derived through empirical research, This provides a theoretical guidance for government environmental policy formulation and implementation of the agricultural enterprise environment-friendly strategy.
引文
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