游梁式抽油机采油系统实时评价方法研究
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摘要
游梁式抽油机采油系统是油田开发过程的主要生产设备,也是反映地下油藏动态信息的重要窗口,在石油开发过程中占有举足轻重的地位,研究其实时评价技术具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。主要工作如下:
介绍了游梁式抽油机采油系统基本结构和工作原理,分析了传统游梁式抽油机采油系统评价方法特点以及存在的问题,针对传统游梁式抽油机评价技术在数据实时性、传感器可靠性、应用成本等方面存在的问题,提出了基于电功图的游梁式抽油机采油系统实时评价方法,并分析了其可行性。
针对缺乏有效的游梁式抽油机采油系统整体动态模型的问题,提出一种实用的抽油机整体动态模型。这方面研究内容包括:针对电动机无传感器转矩和转速估计问题,提出基于电压源的电动机等效电路模型;针对抽油机地面机械部分的动力学分析问题,研究系统能耗组成,描绘了系统能流路线,同时采用矢量分析的方法对游梁式抽油机几何结构的动力学形态进行了精确求解;研究了抽油杆的行为特性,针对抽油杆波动方程实时求解实时性差问题,提出了抽油杆运动形态简化模型。
针对游梁式抽油机电参数采样尺度不一致、特性差异大的问题,提出一种基于多尺度采样的数据处理方法。根据系统实时评价过程中不同层次模型对数据尺度的要求,分别采用不同的采样尺度。根据不同信号的特点,采用三种数据预处理及信号分析方法:针对现场数据电磁脉冲干扰问题,采用预测均值滤波算法对信号的奇异值进行预处理;针对非完整周期间歇采样信号的处理问题,采用拟合先行的希尔伯特黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transition,HHT)信号分离方法;针对信号实时梯度计算问题,采用基于多尺度均值滤波的信号梯度计算方法。仿真分析和实验验证说明了上述方法的有效性。
建立了基于电功图的游梁式抽油机采油系统实时评价性能指标以及具体评价方法。从数学和图形两方面寻找适合于工程应用的对象信息特征,提出9种用于抽油机电功图状态识别的性能指标参数以及基于电功图抽油机系统评价的三种方法:图形化方法、差异性描述、特征频率圆投影法。同时研究了基于电功图抽油机采油系统实时评价方法在抽油机故障诊断、产能预测及参数软测量、系统效率分析方面的应用。列举了8种常见抽油机故障的电功图特征和分析步骤,给出了动液面软测量、产量估计和系统效率的计算公式。
根据所研究的电功图评价方法开发了数据采集系统和应用软件,进行了离线仿真分析和在线应用分析。在胜利油田某采油厂的现场应用结果说明,本文所提出的基于电功图的实时评价方法能够正确识别游梁式抽油机采油系统的故障,及时发现系统性能变化。
As being the primary producing equipment of oil recovery and the major information reflecting of the reservoirs underground, the Beam-Pump recovery system occupies important position in the petroleum development process. In addition, real-time evaluation is significantly important for Beam-Pump recovery system. The works includes:
The pre-knowledge of Beam-Pump recovery system is introduced in this dissertation, which includes its basic architechure and principal scheme. According to the experiences and deficiencies of the evaluation methods of traditional suspended point dynamometer cards and the excellent properties of electric parameters measurement in reliability and economy, the real-time evaluation method of Beam-Pump recovery system based on the electric power cards is proposed. On the other hand, the feasibility analysis is made.
According to the lackness of the overall dynamic model of Beam-Pump recovery system , a practical one for simulation and online real-time analysis is putting forward. With problems to the sensor-less torque and rotational speed estimation of the motor, the equivalent circuit model based on voltage source is proposed. The structure theory of the mechanical parts on the ground is analyzed by adopting the vector analytic method to solve the kinetic equation of four-bar mechanism. And gradually the energy consumption is analyzed. The behavioral characteristics of sucker rod are researched. In order to realize real-time dynamic analysis, a simple model of the rod’s moving patterns is proposed.
According to the characteristics of electric parameters of the beam-Pump unit, multi-scale sampling of data and storage rules are proposed, which undertake more tasks of the system with less hardware resources. Three kinds of data pretreatment and signal analysis methods are put forward: Prediction mean filter algorithm is adopted for signal singular value pretreatment to solves irregular electromagnetic interference problems of practical acquisition signal; In order to solving signals intermittent sampling in deficient period processing problems, the fitting first HHT signals separation method is given; It is found that mean filter residual contains the signal gradient information through analyzing the characteristics of sliding mean filter. Signal gradient calculation method based on mean filtering is brought forward. Compared with Richard extrapolation, the proposed method is better in the calculation speed, boundary effects, etc.
As the foundation of whole evaluation system theory system, the establishment of the electric power cards evaluation performance indexes is introduced, and three ways to the system evaluation: graphical method, the different description of system dynamic response processes, and a specific frequency polar images, are brought forward. It is studied that object information feature from the two aspects of mathematical and graphics is suitable for engineering application. At the same time, the application researches on this method in fault diagnosis, productivity prediction, parameter soft measurement and the efficiency of the system analysis are done. Eight kinds of common fault electric power cards features and analysis steps are presented in detail. Formulas of the dynamic liquid level measurement, estimation and the calculating system efficiency are given.
Finally, a lot of simulation and experimental works is done to demonstrate the proposed methods. Through an actual case studying, the steps for system evaluation and the application effects are indicated. The shortcomings and development direction of electric power cards evaluation system theory are pointed out.
介绍了游梁式抽油机采油系统基本结构和工作原理,分析了传统游梁式抽油机采油系统评价方法特点以及存在的问题,针对传统游梁式抽油机评价技术在数据实时性、传感器可靠性、应用成本等方面存在的问题,提出了基于电功图的游梁式抽油机采油系统实时评价方法,并分析了其可行性。
针对缺乏有效的游梁式抽油机采油系统整体动态模型的问题,提出一种实用的抽油机整体动态模型。这方面研究内容包括:针对电动机无传感器转矩和转速估计问题,提出基于电压源的电动机等效电路模型;针对抽油机地面机械部分的动力学分析问题,研究系统能耗组成,描绘了系统能流路线,同时采用矢量分析的方法对游梁式抽油机几何结构的动力学形态进行了精确求解;研究了抽油杆的行为特性,针对抽油杆波动方程实时求解实时性差问题,提出了抽油杆运动形态简化模型。
针对游梁式抽油机电参数采样尺度不一致、特性差异大的问题,提出一种基于多尺度采样的数据处理方法。根据系统实时评价过程中不同层次模型对数据尺度的要求,分别采用不同的采样尺度。根据不同信号的特点,采用三种数据预处理及信号分析方法:针对现场数据电磁脉冲干扰问题,采用预测均值滤波算法对信号的奇异值进行预处理;针对非完整周期间歇采样信号的处理问题,采用拟合先行的希尔伯特黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transition,HHT)信号分离方法;针对信号实时梯度计算问题,采用基于多尺度均值滤波的信号梯度计算方法。仿真分析和实验验证说明了上述方法的有效性。
建立了基于电功图的游梁式抽油机采油系统实时评价性能指标以及具体评价方法。从数学和图形两方面寻找适合于工程应用的对象信息特征,提出9种用于抽油机电功图状态识别的性能指标参数以及基于电功图抽油机系统评价的三种方法:图形化方法、差异性描述、特征频率圆投影法。同时研究了基于电功图抽油机采油系统实时评价方法在抽油机故障诊断、产能预测及参数软测量、系统效率分析方面的应用。列举了8种常见抽油机故障的电功图特征和分析步骤,给出了动液面软测量、产量估计和系统效率的计算公式。
根据所研究的电功图评价方法开发了数据采集系统和应用软件,进行了离线仿真分析和在线应用分析。在胜利油田某采油厂的现场应用结果说明,本文所提出的基于电功图的实时评价方法能够正确识别游梁式抽油机采油系统的故障,及时发现系统性能变化。
As being the primary producing equipment of oil recovery and the major information reflecting of the reservoirs underground, the Beam-Pump recovery system occupies important position in the petroleum development process. In addition, real-time evaluation is significantly important for Beam-Pump recovery system. The works includes:
The pre-knowledge of Beam-Pump recovery system is introduced in this dissertation, which includes its basic architechure and principal scheme. According to the experiences and deficiencies of the evaluation methods of traditional suspended point dynamometer cards and the excellent properties of electric parameters measurement in reliability and economy, the real-time evaluation method of Beam-Pump recovery system based on the electric power cards is proposed. On the other hand, the feasibility analysis is made.
According to the lackness of the overall dynamic model of Beam-Pump recovery system , a practical one for simulation and online real-time analysis is putting forward. With problems to the sensor-less torque and rotational speed estimation of the motor, the equivalent circuit model based on voltage source is proposed. The structure theory of the mechanical parts on the ground is analyzed by adopting the vector analytic method to solve the kinetic equation of four-bar mechanism. And gradually the energy consumption is analyzed. The behavioral characteristics of sucker rod are researched. In order to realize real-time dynamic analysis, a simple model of the rod’s moving patterns is proposed.
According to the characteristics of electric parameters of the beam-Pump unit, multi-scale sampling of data and storage rules are proposed, which undertake more tasks of the system with less hardware resources. Three kinds of data pretreatment and signal analysis methods are put forward: Prediction mean filter algorithm is adopted for signal singular value pretreatment to solves irregular electromagnetic interference problems of practical acquisition signal; In order to solving signals intermittent sampling in deficient period processing problems, the fitting first HHT signals separation method is given; It is found that mean filter residual contains the signal gradient information through analyzing the characteristics of sliding mean filter. Signal gradient calculation method based on mean filtering is brought forward. Compared with Richard extrapolation, the proposed method is better in the calculation speed, boundary effects, etc.
As the foundation of whole evaluation system theory system, the establishment of the electric power cards evaluation performance indexes is introduced, and three ways to the system evaluation: graphical method, the different description of system dynamic response processes, and a specific frequency polar images, are brought forward. It is studied that object information feature from the two aspects of mathematical and graphics is suitable for engineering application. At the same time, the application researches on this method in fault diagnosis, productivity prediction, parameter soft measurement and the efficiency of the system analysis are done. Eight kinds of common fault electric power cards features and analysis steps are presented in detail. Formulas of the dynamic liquid level measurement, estimation and the calculating system efficiency are given.
Finally, a lot of simulation and experimental works is done to demonstrate the proposed methods. Through an actual case studying, the steps for system evaluation and the application effects are indicated. The shortcomings and development direction of electric power cards evaluation system theory are pointed out.
引文
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