南蛇藤（Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.）对重金属铅、铜的响应机制探讨
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摘要
随着社会和经济的发展,重金属污染越来越严重,大量的重金属例如Cu、Pb、Zn、As等进入环境,造成严重的土壤和大气等污染。污染土壤的生态修复已成为我国当前所面临的重要理论和实践课题。人们不断尝试用物理的、化学的和生物的等方法及技术进行污染土壤的生态修复。但是,植物(生物)修复与物理修复和化学修复相比,具有成本低、效果好、无二次污染等优点,因而具有广泛的应用前景。研究重金属对植物的毒害机制及植物耐重金属机理,可为污染土壤修复的植物筛选及应用提供理论依据。
本文采用我国园林绿化应用率较高且生态适应性强的南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatusThunb.)为研究对象,通过室内模拟培养、生理生化指标测定等实验手段,研究了铅(Pb~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+))污染对南蛇藤的毒害作用机理。研究结果如下:
1、低浓度Pb、Cu污染对南蛇藤种子的萌发具有促进作用;在高浓度处理下,则表现为抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,抑制作用加强。
2、实验室砂基培养条件下,低浓度Pb、Cu处理对南蛇藤幼株生长无明显伤害现象,甚至促进生长,其干重、鲜重、含水量和株高明显高于对照;随Pb、Cu浓度增加,可造成幼株生长缓慢,生物量下降,含水量随之下降,叶片枯萎,叶绿素含量下降。
3、在Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)两种离子的作用下,南蛇藤体内与逆境密切相关的物质和保护酶发生一系列的变化,且表现出明显的剂量/效应关系和时间/效应关系。随着处理浓度的加大、处理时间的延长,可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸均出现先升后降的趋势;MDA持续增加,CMP增大,说明细胞内的重金属能通过氧化还原反应产生自由基损伤主要的生物大分子及引起膜脂过氧化。低浓度和短时间胁迫下,南蛇藤启动了细胞的防御反应,植物体内SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性发生了应急性的提高,起到了一定的保护作用。但随着重金属毒害的加重,超过了细胞防御系统的保护限度,保护酶活性降低,更多的MDA等膜质过氧化产物产生。活性氧系统失衡,导致植物生理代谢紊乱,并加速组织、细胞衰老或死亡。
With the development of the society and economy,the pollution of heavy metal is more and more serious.A lot of heavy metals,such as Cu,Pb,Zn,As come into environment,and led to serious air and soil pollution.Ecological reclamation of wasteland has been one of the urgent tasks we are facing nowadays.Kinds of the reclamation methods of pollution soil had been tested worldwide so far.However,compared with physical and chemical ways of reclamation, biological and ecological reclamation was a prior one due to its lower cost,effectual outcome and no secondary pollution.The key step for the ecological reclamation was the selection of heavy metal-resistant plants.Research on the damage of heavy mentals and the resistence of plants to heavy mentals can apply theoretic derection for selecting soil reclamation plants.
In this paper,Oriental bittersweet(Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)were used as material, which was adopted widely to landscaping and had strong ecological adaptability.The toxic effects of Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) treatment on Celastrus orbiculatus were investigated by simulating test and analysing physiological and biochemical indexes.The results as follows:
(1) The germination of seeds were promoted by low concentration of Cu and Pb.However, with the increase of concentration of Cu and Pb,Germination of seeds were inhibited obviously.
(2) It was shown that the growth of Celastrus orbiculatus seedling growing in quartz sand was improved by low concentration of Cu/Pb.The fresh/dry weight,the contents of water,the above-ground height of the seedling were all higher than control plants.However,with the increase of concentration of Cu and Pb,the seedling grew slowly compare with control plants, the biomass,the water content and content of leaf pigments decreased drastically too.
(3)Under the stress of Pb~(2+) and Cu~(2+),a series of change occurred in the substance and protective enzymes related with the stress.Fouthermore,all indexes demonstrated a correlation between the does and effect.The higher pollution concentration and the longer the pollution time, the more serious the damage was.Proline,soluble protein and soluble saccharide content increased first and deceased afterwards with enhancing treatment concentration and time.While malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased persistently and the permeability of cell membrane(CMP) and increased obviously during the course.It showed that lipid peroxidation, which was considered an indication of oxidative stress in plants,could be induced via free radicals that were generated as a result of heavy metal toxicity in plant.Lipid peroxidation can degrade biological membrane making them susceptible to oxidative damage.Under low concentration stress and short time treatment,the protective systems was activitaed in Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) were induced in high level to eliminate ractive oxygen species(ROS).While with more serious damage to Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb,the defensive system of cells could not protect cells effectively and MDA content increased evidently.Disorder of ROS elimination system results to inordinate physiological metabolism in seedling,which speed up senescence and death of plants.
本文采用我国园林绿化应用率较高且生态适应性强的南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatusThunb.)为研究对象,通过室内模拟培养、生理生化指标测定等实验手段,研究了铅(Pb~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+))污染对南蛇藤的毒害作用机理。研究结果如下:
1、低浓度Pb、Cu污染对南蛇藤种子的萌发具有促进作用;在高浓度处理下,则表现为抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,抑制作用加强。
2、实验室砂基培养条件下,低浓度Pb、Cu处理对南蛇藤幼株生长无明显伤害现象,甚至促进生长,其干重、鲜重、含水量和株高明显高于对照;随Pb、Cu浓度增加,可造成幼株生长缓慢,生物量下降,含水量随之下降,叶片枯萎,叶绿素含量下降。
3、在Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)两种离子的作用下,南蛇藤体内与逆境密切相关的物质和保护酶发生一系列的变化,且表现出明显的剂量/效应关系和时间/效应关系。随着处理浓度的加大、处理时间的延长,可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸均出现先升后降的趋势;MDA持续增加,CMP增大,说明细胞内的重金属能通过氧化还原反应产生自由基损伤主要的生物大分子及引起膜脂过氧化。低浓度和短时间胁迫下,南蛇藤启动了细胞的防御反应,植物体内SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性发生了应急性的提高,起到了一定的保护作用。但随着重金属毒害的加重,超过了细胞防御系统的保护限度,保护酶活性降低,更多的MDA等膜质过氧化产物产生。活性氧系统失衡,导致植物生理代谢紊乱,并加速组织、细胞衰老或死亡。
With the development of the society and economy,the pollution of heavy metal is more and more serious.A lot of heavy metals,such as Cu,Pb,Zn,As come into environment,and led to serious air and soil pollution.Ecological reclamation of wasteland has been one of the urgent tasks we are facing nowadays.Kinds of the reclamation methods of pollution soil had been tested worldwide so far.However,compared with physical and chemical ways of reclamation, biological and ecological reclamation was a prior one due to its lower cost,effectual outcome and no secondary pollution.The key step for the ecological reclamation was the selection of heavy metal-resistant plants.Research on the damage of heavy mentals and the resistence of plants to heavy mentals can apply theoretic derection for selecting soil reclamation plants.
In this paper,Oriental bittersweet(Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)were used as material, which was adopted widely to landscaping and had strong ecological adaptability.The toxic effects of Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) treatment on Celastrus orbiculatus were investigated by simulating test and analysing physiological and biochemical indexes.The results as follows:
(1) The germination of seeds were promoted by low concentration of Cu and Pb.However, with the increase of concentration of Cu and Pb,Germination of seeds were inhibited obviously.
(2) It was shown that the growth of Celastrus orbiculatus seedling growing in quartz sand was improved by low concentration of Cu/Pb.The fresh/dry weight,the contents of water,the above-ground height of the seedling were all higher than control plants.However,with the increase of concentration of Cu and Pb,the seedling grew slowly compare with control plants, the biomass,the water content and content of leaf pigments decreased drastically too.
(3)Under the stress of Pb~(2+) and Cu~(2+),a series of change occurred in the substance and protective enzymes related with the stress.Fouthermore,all indexes demonstrated a correlation between the does and effect.The higher pollution concentration and the longer the pollution time, the more serious the damage was.Proline,soluble protein and soluble saccharide content increased first and deceased afterwards with enhancing treatment concentration and time.While malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased persistently and the permeability of cell membrane(CMP) and increased obviously during the course.It showed that lipid peroxidation, which was considered an indication of oxidative stress in plants,could be induced via free radicals that were generated as a result of heavy metal toxicity in plant.Lipid peroxidation can degrade biological membrane making them susceptible to oxidative damage.Under low concentration stress and short time treatment,the protective systems was activitaed in Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) were induced in high level to eliminate ractive oxygen species(ROS).While with more serious damage to Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb,the defensive system of cells could not protect cells effectively and MDA content increased evidently.Disorder of ROS elimination system results to inordinate physiological metabolism in seedling,which speed up senescence and death of plants.
引文
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