磷富集植物筛选及其吸收机理研究
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摘要
地表径流中水溶性磷是水生系统中水体富营养化的主要原因之一,目前已成为全球关注的热点环境问题。利用富集植物修复污染土壤已成为当今国际生物修复研究的热点和前沿。通过野外采样,筛选出对磷富集能力差异较大的矿山生态型和非矿山生态型植物种类,结合盆栽试验,验证两种生态型磷富集植物对磷的富集能力差异,揭示矿山生态型磷富集植物对磷的吸收特性。主要研究结果如下:
1.通过野外采样,分析了什邡磷矿区采集的12种优势植物矿山生态型及相对应的采自雅安市雨城区的非矿山生态型的磷富集能力。粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)在花期的地上部磷含量较高,分别为16.23和8.59g kg~(-1),是相对应非矿山生态型的3.4和7倍。这两种植物对应根际土壤的速效磷含量分别为112.84和121.78mg kg~(-1),是非根际土壤的12和4倍。12种优势植物矿山生态型地上部磷含量与相对应根际土壤速效磷含量呈显著负相关(p＜0.05),在非矿山生态型植物中得到相反结果。粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)地上部磷含量高于其他植物,可作为潜在的磷污染环境修复材料。
2.随着土壤磷浓度的增加,矿山生态型水蓼地上部生物量急剧增加,非矿山生态型却呈减小趋势。矿山生态型水蓼磷累积量是非矿山生态型的3-5倍。与种植前相比,两种生态型水蓼根际土壤的速效磷含量均有一定程度的增加,矿山生态型水蓼的增加幅度是非矿山生态型的1.05-63.02倍。矿山生态型水蓼叶片叶绿素含量随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,在200mg P kg~(-1)时略有下降,但差异不显著。与对照相比,矿山生态型水蓼叶片SOD活性增加了7-9倍,在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,增加幅度达到了634%(p＜0.05),但非矿山生态型水蓼叶片SOD活性逐渐降低。矿山生态型水蓼叶片POD活性随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,在100 mg P kg~(-1)时,POD活性增加了29.5倍。矿山生态型水蓼叶片CAT活性随着磷浓度的增加而增强,增加幅度为66-210%。矿山生态型水蓼叶片MDA含量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而降低,降低幅度为133-210%,非矿山生态型叶片MDA含量呈现相反的变化趋势。
3.矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部生物量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低(p＜0.05)。在200mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花的生物量比非矿山生态型的高246%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷含量随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低。随着生育期延长,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷含量均呈下降趋势,其中,矿山生态型的降幅比非矿山生态型小4%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷累积量比非矿山生态型高10-276%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花的叶绿素a含量随着磷浓度的增加而增加,在200 mg P kg~(-1)时达到最大值,但处理间差异不显著。两种生态型粗齿冷水花叶绿素b含量处理间差异均不显著。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片CAT活性与对照相比增强,非矿山生态型叶片CAT活性呈先增后降的趋势。在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型叶片CAT活性为非矿山生态型的3倍。磷处理引起了矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片POD活性的增加。在50mg P kg~(-1)时,非矿山生态型叶片POD活性达最大值,随着磷浓度的增加急剧减少。在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片POD活性比非矿山生态型高132.95%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片SOD活性随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低。磷处理条件下,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片SOD活性比非矿山生态型高46.88-108.33%。非矿山生态型叶片游离脯氨酸和MDA含量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,显著高于矿山生态型。
1.Movement of soluble phosphates (Pi) from phosphorus-impacted soils poses tremendous threats to the degradation of the aquatic and other eco-systems and triggers serious environmental consequences. Plant-assisted clean-up strategies have demonstrated great advantages over conventional methods in redundant phosphorus removal from soils. Phosphorus accumulation potentials were investigated for 12 dominant plant species growing in a phosphorus mining area in Shifang, as well as their corresponding non-mining ecotypes growing in Ya'an, China. High phosphorus concentrations were observed in the seedling and flowering stages of two species, Pilea sinofasciata and Polygonum hydropiper, up to 16.23 and 8.59 g kg~(-1) respectively, which were 3.4 and 7 times higher than in the non-mining ecotypes. Available phosphorus levels in the respective rhizosphere soils of these plants were 112.84 and 121.78 mg kg~(-1), 12 and 4 times higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil. Phosphorus concentrations in shoots of the mining ecotypes of all 12 species were significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soils (p＜0.05), whereas a positively correlation was observed in the non-mining ecotypes. The results suggested that Pilea sinofasciata and Polygonum hydropiper were efficient candidates among the tested species for phosphorus accumulation in shoots, and that further studies should be conducted to investigate their potential to be adopted as phosphorus accumulators.
2.In this study, phosphorus concentration, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper leaves in the phosphorus mining ecotype (ME) and the non-mining ecotype (NME) were investigated under different soil phosphorus status. The results showed that significant increase (p＜0.05) in biomass was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The phosphorus concentration in Polygonum hydropiper leaves was higher than in the shoot and root. The phosphorus accumulation of Polygonum hydropiper was 3-5 times higher than in NME. Significant increase in available phosphorus concentration in rhizosphere was observed in both ecotypes after planting, the increase in ME was 1.05-63.02 times higher than in NME. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of leaves in ME increased proportionally with the ascending soil phosphorus. The plants of ME growing under higher phosphorus concentration presented higher bio-activities of CAT, SOD and POD than under low phosphorus conditions. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in activity of SOD was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, nearly 634% higher than the control at 200 mg P kg~(-1), while reverse tendency was observed in NME. Significant increase (p<0.05) in concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the NME, while reverse tendency was manifested in plants from the ME.
3. In this study, Phosphorus concentration, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Pilea sinofasciata leaves in the phosphorus mining ecotype (ME) and the non-mining ecotype (NME) were investigated under different soil P status. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in biomass was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The biomass of the mining ecotype was nearly 246% higher than in the non-mining ecotype at 200 mg P kg~(-1). Significant increase (p<0.05) in phosphorus concentration of shoot was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The phosphorus accumulation of shoot in ME was nearly 10-276% higher than in NME. The results showed that chlorophyll a and of leaves in ME increased proportionally with the ascending soil P. No significant variation was observed both in ME and NME. The plants of ME growing under high P concentration presented higher bio-activities of CAT, SOD and POD than under low P conditions. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline was observed in the NME, while reverse tendency was manifested in plants from the ME.
1.通过野外采样,分析了什邡磷矿区采集的12种优势植物矿山生态型及相对应的采自雅安市雨城区的非矿山生态型的磷富集能力。粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)在花期的地上部磷含量较高,分别为16.23和8.59g kg~(-1),是相对应非矿山生态型的3.4和7倍。这两种植物对应根际土壤的速效磷含量分别为112.84和121.78mg kg~(-1),是非根际土壤的12和4倍。12种优势植物矿山生态型地上部磷含量与相对应根际土壤速效磷含量呈显著负相关(p＜0.05),在非矿山生态型植物中得到相反结果。粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)地上部磷含量高于其他植物,可作为潜在的磷污染环境修复材料。
2.随着土壤磷浓度的增加,矿山生态型水蓼地上部生物量急剧增加,非矿山生态型却呈减小趋势。矿山生态型水蓼磷累积量是非矿山生态型的3-5倍。与种植前相比,两种生态型水蓼根际土壤的速效磷含量均有一定程度的增加,矿山生态型水蓼的增加幅度是非矿山生态型的1.05-63.02倍。矿山生态型水蓼叶片叶绿素含量随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,在200mg P kg~(-1)时略有下降,但差异不显著。与对照相比,矿山生态型水蓼叶片SOD活性增加了7-9倍,在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,增加幅度达到了634%(p＜0.05),但非矿山生态型水蓼叶片SOD活性逐渐降低。矿山生态型水蓼叶片POD活性随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,在100 mg P kg~(-1)时,POD活性增加了29.5倍。矿山生态型水蓼叶片CAT活性随着磷浓度的增加而增强,增加幅度为66-210%。矿山生态型水蓼叶片MDA含量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而降低,降低幅度为133-210%,非矿山生态型叶片MDA含量呈现相反的变化趋势。
3.矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部生物量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低(p＜0.05)。在200mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花的生物量比非矿山生态型的高246%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷含量随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低。随着生育期延长,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷含量均呈下降趋势,其中,矿山生态型的降幅比非矿山生态型小4%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷累积量比非矿山生态型高10-276%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花的叶绿素a含量随着磷浓度的增加而增加,在200 mg P kg~(-1)时达到最大值,但处理间差异不显著。两种生态型粗齿冷水花叶绿素b含量处理间差异均不显著。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片CAT活性与对照相比增强,非矿山生态型叶片CAT活性呈先增后降的趋势。在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型叶片CAT活性为非矿山生态型的3倍。磷处理引起了矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片POD活性的增加。在50mg P kg~(-1)时,非矿山生态型叶片POD活性达最大值,随着磷浓度的增加急剧减少。在200 mg P kg~(-1)时,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片POD活性比非矿山生态型高132.95%。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片SOD活性随土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,非矿山生态型显著降低。磷处理条件下,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花叶片SOD活性比非矿山生态型高46.88-108.33%。非矿山生态型叶片游离脯氨酸和MDA含量随着土壤磷浓度的增加而增加,显著高于矿山生态型。
1.Movement of soluble phosphates (Pi) from phosphorus-impacted soils poses tremendous threats to the degradation of the aquatic and other eco-systems and triggers serious environmental consequences. Plant-assisted clean-up strategies have demonstrated great advantages over conventional methods in redundant phosphorus removal from soils. Phosphorus accumulation potentials were investigated for 12 dominant plant species growing in a phosphorus mining area in Shifang, as well as their corresponding non-mining ecotypes growing in Ya'an, China. High phosphorus concentrations were observed in the seedling and flowering stages of two species, Pilea sinofasciata and Polygonum hydropiper, up to 16.23 and 8.59 g kg~(-1) respectively, which were 3.4 and 7 times higher than in the non-mining ecotypes. Available phosphorus levels in the respective rhizosphere soils of these plants were 112.84 and 121.78 mg kg~(-1), 12 and 4 times higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil. Phosphorus concentrations in shoots of the mining ecotypes of all 12 species were significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soils (p＜0.05), whereas a positively correlation was observed in the non-mining ecotypes. The results suggested that Pilea sinofasciata and Polygonum hydropiper were efficient candidates among the tested species for phosphorus accumulation in shoots, and that further studies should be conducted to investigate their potential to be adopted as phosphorus accumulators.
2.In this study, phosphorus concentration, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper leaves in the phosphorus mining ecotype (ME) and the non-mining ecotype (NME) were investigated under different soil phosphorus status. The results showed that significant increase (p＜0.05) in biomass was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The phosphorus concentration in Polygonum hydropiper leaves was higher than in the shoot and root. The phosphorus accumulation of Polygonum hydropiper was 3-5 times higher than in NME. Significant increase in available phosphorus concentration in rhizosphere was observed in both ecotypes after planting, the increase in ME was 1.05-63.02 times higher than in NME. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of leaves in ME increased proportionally with the ascending soil phosphorus. The plants of ME growing under higher phosphorus concentration presented higher bio-activities of CAT, SOD and POD than under low phosphorus conditions. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in activity of SOD was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, nearly 634% higher than the control at 200 mg P kg~(-1), while reverse tendency was observed in NME. Significant increase (p<0.05) in concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the NME, while reverse tendency was manifested in plants from the ME.
3. In this study, Phosphorus concentration, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Pilea sinofasciata leaves in the phosphorus mining ecotype (ME) and the non-mining ecotype (NME) were investigated under different soil P status. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in biomass was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The biomass of the mining ecotype was nearly 246% higher than in the non-mining ecotype at 200 mg P kg~(-1). Significant increase (p<0.05) in phosphorus concentration of shoot was observed in ME with ascending soil phosphorus, while reverse tendency was observed in NME. The phosphorus accumulation of shoot in ME was nearly 10-276% higher than in NME. The results showed that chlorophyll a and of leaves in ME increased proportionally with the ascending soil P. No significant variation was observed both in ME and NME. The plants of ME growing under high P concentration presented higher bio-activities of CAT, SOD and POD than under low P conditions. Significant increase (p＜0.05) in concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline was observed in the NME, while reverse tendency was manifested in plants from the ME.
引文
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