长白山自然保护区北坡森林土壤真菌种群及其多样性研究
|
摘要
真菌是土壤中重要的微生物资源,是土壤生态系统物质循环的主要物质基础。森林土壤与农业土壤相比,多呈酸性,加之其相对特殊的生态环境,更利于真菌的生长与繁殖,因此,对森林土壤真菌生物多样性的研究具有重要意义。长白山自然保护区是目前整个欧亚大陆生态系统保存较完整的生态体系,复杂多变的自然环境,使得保护区内蕴藏着极其丰富的生物资源。长白山北坡因其明显的海拔差异、气候变化、植物垂直分布和土壤特征等综合因素的影响,北坡地带的植物、动物、微生物具有明显的区系分布特点。通过对长白山北坡森林土壤中真菌的分类研究,可明确其物种种类、种群数量及其多样性分布规律,为长白山自然保护区微生物资源的合理开发和利用,以备筛选出具有一定应用价值的食用、药用、工业用等有益真菌提供科学的理论依据。
2006年至2008年,分别于不同时期(6月、7月、8月)赴长白山自然保护区北坡森林地带采集土壤标样。根据海拔高度、森林类型及土壤类型等因素,选取6处能代表不同海拔高度和生态类型的地点,采用“之”字形多点采样法采集土壤样品共计360份。对土样同时采用稀释平板法和土壤平板法进行真菌分离和培养,共获得932株真菌。
根据形态特征,鉴定出53属108种真菌,其中接合菌9属13种,子囊菌9属17种,无性型真菌35属78种。108种真菌中包括中国新记录属1个,即小裸囊壳菌属Gymnascella;中国新记录种7个,即短毛毛壳Chaetomium brevipilium、丹喀小裸囊菌Gymnascella dankaliensis、条纹孢蔓毛壳Herpotrichia striatispora、冬青生柱枝孢Cylindrocladium ilicicola、棘枝粉孢Oidiodendron echinulatum、淡黄茎霉Phomaflavescens、柱孢弯颈霉Tolypocladiumn cylindrocladium。
论文对已鉴定的真菌,对种的阶元均作了形态描述及生境记录,并附有显微形态图;对部分重要属、种进行了简要的分析和讨论;对不同门下分离获得不同的真菌种类及分离所获的部分优势属分别编制了分类检索表。
研究发现海拔高度、森林类型、植被垂直构成、气候条件及土壤类型对长白山森林土壤真菌种群的组成、数量及多样性分布均具有一定的影响,具体结果如下:
不同海拔高度样地中的土壤真菌的种群组成之间具有较大的差异。在海拔800米与海拔1200米处,气候温湿,林分复杂,土壤养分丰富,因此,较适于真菌的生存与繁殖;而在海拔2100米处的高山苔原带,气候湿冷,植被单一,土层瘠薄,此海拔处的恶劣环境不适于真菌的生存。青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌是6个不同海拔样地中始终排在前两位的代表优势属。
森林类型对土壤真菌种群的组成、数量及分布具有一定的影响,即表现出从针阔叶混交林至高山苔原带,真菌的种群数量呈现出逐渐递减的变化趋势。青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、根霉属(Rhizopus)真菌是4个不同林型下的代表优势属。
研究结果表明,随着海拔的升高,相邻两个林型间相似性系数逐渐升高,且针阔叶混交林带与苔原带不但在植被组成上有很大的差异,而且在空间距离和海拔高度上也相差最远,所以其真菌种类表现出最低的相似性,说明了生态环境的多样性对真菌分布格局存在直接影响。
同一林型下气候明显差异的不同月份,林下土壤真菌物种种类及数量表现较一致的变化规律,即7月＞8月＞6月:不同林型间的同一月份真菌数量变化趋势基本一致,即针阔叶混交林＞针叶林＞岳桦林＞高山苔原,说明气候条件影响土壤真菌种群及数量组成。另外,研究发现不同土壤类型演替中真菌种类及数量的分布依次为暗棕色森林土＞棕色针叶林土＞山地生草森林土＞山地苔原土,说明了土壤真菌分布受土壤类型的分布影响较大。
Fungi are the important components of soil microorganisms and they play a significant role in material cyclization in soil ecosystem.The forest soil is characterized with lower acidity by comparison with agricultural soil.Due to the special ecological environment it is more favorable to fungal growth,so it is rich in fungal species.The fungal diversity in forest soil is a fascinating work.Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve is one of the integratedly conserved ecosystems in European-Asian continent.The complicatedly changing natural environment enriches Changbai Mountain with plentiful bio-resources.The north slope of the mountain is characterized with evident elevation difference,climate variation,vertical distribution of vegetation and different soil types.It is recorded that the animals,plants and microorganisms in the north slope of the mountain exhibit clear regional distribution characteristics.The study of soil fungi in the north slope of Changbai Mountain based on classification was designed to explore the fungal resources and their population and biodiversity,it will help provide a scientific base for the utilization of the soil fungi.
During June and August in 2006,2007 and 2008,six sampling locations with different elevations,forest types and soil types were selected in the north slope of Changbai Mountain, 360 forest soil samples were collected by zigzag route in each sampling sites.By means of the methods of dilution plate and soil plate,nearly 1000 fungal isolates were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics,these fungal isolates were identified as 108 species of 53 genera,including one newly recorded genus and five newly recorded species for China.Of the these fungal species,13 species of 9 genera are zygomyctes,17 species of 9 genera ascomyctes and 78 species of 35 genera anamorphic fungi.The newly recorded genus was Gymnascella,the seven newly recorded species were Chaetomium brevipilium,Gymnascella dankaliensis,Herpotrichia striatispora,Cylindrocladium ilicicola,Oidiodendron echinulatum, Phoma flavescens and Tolypocladiumn cylindrocladium.The morphological description, habitat,and micrograph for every fungal species were provided in the paper.Parts of fungal genera and species were briefly analyzed and discussed.The study indicates that the composition,quantity and distribution of fungal populations were associated with elevations and forest types.
The fungal populations in tested soil samples at elevation 800m and 1200m were plentiful because of the warm and moist climate,luxuriant nourishment,while the those fungal populations at 2100m were significantly decreased because of the cold and moist climate,poor vegetation and infertile soil.The species of Penicillium and Aspergillus were the predorminant fungi in the soil sampling locations at six different elevations.
The fungal populations were decreased from the coniferous and broad-leaved forests zone up to the tundra land zone of the mountain.Penicillium,Aspergillus,Trichoderm, Rhizopus were the dominant genera in the four different forest types.
The similarity coefficients of fungal populations in adjacent forest types were much closer. The difference between the similarity coefficients of fungal populations in the coniferous and broad-leaved forests zone and the tundra land zone were much greater possiblely due to their significant discrepancies in vegetation composition,altitudes and spacial distance.The research results suggest that the diverse environments in the mountain had an evident effect on the distribution patterns of the forest soil fungi.
It is found that climate conditions in the mountain affected the diversity of the soil fungi. The developing trend of the quantity of the soil fungal populations and compositions in each forest type was July＞August＞June.On the other hand,the developing trend of the composition and quantity of the soil fungal populations in the same month were coniferous and broad-leaved forest＞dark coniferous forest＞Betula ermanii forest＞tundra land zone.
The research results show that the soil types in the mountain also had an evident effect on the fungal distribution and composition in different types of forest soil.The effect of soil types in the north slope of Changbai mountain was similar to the factors such as forest types, vegetation and climate with the similar trend of fungal population and composition,namely, coniferous and broad-leaved forest＞dark coniferous forest＞betula ermanii forest＞tundra land zone.
2006年至2008年,分别于不同时期(6月、7月、8月)赴长白山自然保护区北坡森林地带采集土壤标样。根据海拔高度、森林类型及土壤类型等因素,选取6处能代表不同海拔高度和生态类型的地点,采用“之”字形多点采样法采集土壤样品共计360份。对土样同时采用稀释平板法和土壤平板法进行真菌分离和培养,共获得932株真菌。
根据形态特征,鉴定出53属108种真菌,其中接合菌9属13种,子囊菌9属17种,无性型真菌35属78种。108种真菌中包括中国新记录属1个,即小裸囊壳菌属Gymnascella;中国新记录种7个,即短毛毛壳Chaetomium brevipilium、丹喀小裸囊菌Gymnascella dankaliensis、条纹孢蔓毛壳Herpotrichia striatispora、冬青生柱枝孢Cylindrocladium ilicicola、棘枝粉孢Oidiodendron echinulatum、淡黄茎霉Phomaflavescens、柱孢弯颈霉Tolypocladiumn cylindrocladium。
论文对已鉴定的真菌,对种的阶元均作了形态描述及生境记录,并附有显微形态图;对部分重要属、种进行了简要的分析和讨论;对不同门下分离获得不同的真菌种类及分离所获的部分优势属分别编制了分类检索表。
研究发现海拔高度、森林类型、植被垂直构成、气候条件及土壤类型对长白山森林土壤真菌种群的组成、数量及多样性分布均具有一定的影响,具体结果如下:
不同海拔高度样地中的土壤真菌的种群组成之间具有较大的差异。在海拔800米与海拔1200米处,气候温湿,林分复杂,土壤养分丰富,因此,较适于真菌的生存与繁殖;而在海拔2100米处的高山苔原带,气候湿冷,植被单一,土层瘠薄,此海拔处的恶劣环境不适于真菌的生存。青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌是6个不同海拔样地中始终排在前两位的代表优势属。
森林类型对土壤真菌种群的组成、数量及分布具有一定的影响,即表现出从针阔叶混交林至高山苔原带,真菌的种群数量呈现出逐渐递减的变化趋势。青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、根霉属(Rhizopus)真菌是4个不同林型下的代表优势属。
研究结果表明,随着海拔的升高,相邻两个林型间相似性系数逐渐升高,且针阔叶混交林带与苔原带不但在植被组成上有很大的差异,而且在空间距离和海拔高度上也相差最远,所以其真菌种类表现出最低的相似性,说明了生态环境的多样性对真菌分布格局存在直接影响。
同一林型下气候明显差异的不同月份,林下土壤真菌物种种类及数量表现较一致的变化规律,即7月＞8月＞6月:不同林型间的同一月份真菌数量变化趋势基本一致,即针阔叶混交林＞针叶林＞岳桦林＞高山苔原,说明气候条件影响土壤真菌种群及数量组成。另外,研究发现不同土壤类型演替中真菌种类及数量的分布依次为暗棕色森林土＞棕色针叶林土＞山地生草森林土＞山地苔原土,说明了土壤真菌分布受土壤类型的分布影响较大。
Fungi are the important components of soil microorganisms and they play a significant role in material cyclization in soil ecosystem.The forest soil is characterized with lower acidity by comparison with agricultural soil.Due to the special ecological environment it is more favorable to fungal growth,so it is rich in fungal species.The fungal diversity in forest soil is a fascinating work.Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve is one of the integratedly conserved ecosystems in European-Asian continent.The complicatedly changing natural environment enriches Changbai Mountain with plentiful bio-resources.The north slope of the mountain is characterized with evident elevation difference,climate variation,vertical distribution of vegetation and different soil types.It is recorded that the animals,plants and microorganisms in the north slope of the mountain exhibit clear regional distribution characteristics.The study of soil fungi in the north slope of Changbai Mountain based on classification was designed to explore the fungal resources and their population and biodiversity,it will help provide a scientific base for the utilization of the soil fungi.
During June and August in 2006,2007 and 2008,six sampling locations with different elevations,forest types and soil types were selected in the north slope of Changbai Mountain, 360 forest soil samples were collected by zigzag route in each sampling sites.By means of the methods of dilution plate and soil plate,nearly 1000 fungal isolates were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics,these fungal isolates were identified as 108 species of 53 genera,including one newly recorded genus and five newly recorded species for China.Of the these fungal species,13 species of 9 genera are zygomyctes,17 species of 9 genera ascomyctes and 78 species of 35 genera anamorphic fungi.The newly recorded genus was Gymnascella,the seven newly recorded species were Chaetomium brevipilium,Gymnascella dankaliensis,Herpotrichia striatispora,Cylindrocladium ilicicola,Oidiodendron echinulatum, Phoma flavescens and Tolypocladiumn cylindrocladium.The morphological description, habitat,and micrograph for every fungal species were provided in the paper.Parts of fungal genera and species were briefly analyzed and discussed.The study indicates that the composition,quantity and distribution of fungal populations were associated with elevations and forest types.
The fungal populations in tested soil samples at elevation 800m and 1200m were plentiful because of the warm and moist climate,luxuriant nourishment,while the those fungal populations at 2100m were significantly decreased because of the cold and moist climate,poor vegetation and infertile soil.The species of Penicillium and Aspergillus were the predorminant fungi in the soil sampling locations at six different elevations.
The fungal populations were decreased from the coniferous and broad-leaved forests zone up to the tundra land zone of the mountain.Penicillium,Aspergillus,Trichoderm, Rhizopus were the dominant genera in the four different forest types.
The similarity coefficients of fungal populations in adjacent forest types were much closer. The difference between the similarity coefficients of fungal populations in the coniferous and broad-leaved forests zone and the tundra land zone were much greater possiblely due to their significant discrepancies in vegetation composition,altitudes and spacial distance.The research results suggest that the diverse environments in the mountain had an evident effect on the distribution patterns of the forest soil fungi.
It is found that climate conditions in the mountain affected the diversity of the soil fungi. The developing trend of the quantity of the soil fungal populations and compositions in each forest type was July＞August＞June.On the other hand,the developing trend of the composition and quantity of the soil fungal populations in the same month were coniferous and broad-leaved forest＞dark coniferous forest＞Betula ermanii forest＞tundra land zone.
The research results show that the soil types in the mountain also had an evident effect on the fungal distribution and composition in different types of forest soil.The effect of soil types in the north slope of Changbai mountain was similar to the factors such as forest types, vegetation and climate with the similar trend of fungal population and composition,namely, coniferous and broad-leaved forest＞dark coniferous forest＞betula ermanii forest＞tundra land zone.
引文
1.艾训儒.2006.人为干扰对森林群落及生物多样性的影响[J].福建林业科技,33(3):5-9.
2.白清云.1997.土壤微生物群落结构的化学估价方法[J].农业环境保护,16(6):252-256.
3.陈杰,董爱荣,吕国忠.2004.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区白桦林土壤真菌[J].东北林业大学学报,32(6):108-110.
4.陈廷贵,张金屯.1999.十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].河南科学,17(专辑):55-71.
5.陈灵芝.1993.生物多样性保护状及其研究[J].生命科学,7-9.
6.陈辉,唐明,刘安全,等.1993.人工竹林凋落物中真菌群落的研究[J].西北林学院学报,8(4):41-45.
7.陈仁华.2004.武夷山不同森林类型土壤微生物分布状况的研究[J].福建林业科技,31(4):44-47.
8.陈鸿逵,王拱辰.1992.浙江镰刀菌志[M].浙江:浙江科学技术出版社,1-72.
9.陈育新,韦刚,陈卫平.2002.拟盘多毛孢属真菌的新种[J].菌物学报,21(3):316-323.
10.戴芳澜,1979.中国真菌总汇[M].北京:科学出版社.1-1527.
11.董爱荣,吕国忠,吴庆禹,等.2004.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区森林土壤真菌的多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,32(1):8-10.
12.董爱荣.2002.小兴安岭森林士壤真菌多样性及分类研究.博士后研究工作报告.沈阳农业大学,1-40.
13.董百丽,魏春艳,于大炮,等.2008.长白山北坡环境因子对水甲虫多样性影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,27(2):299-301.
14.东秀珠,洪俊华.2001.原核微生物的多样性[J].生物多样性,9(1):18-24.
15.方羽生,李小妮,黄田福,等.2006.菜地和稻田土壤真菌的分离方法比较[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,19(2):53-55.
16.方中达.1998.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1-150.
17.范丙全,刘巧玲.2005.保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,13(3):130-132.
18.冯健,张健,梁剑.2005.巨桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的初步研究[J].四川农业大学学报,23(3):300-304.
19.付惠,陈玉惠,王文久,等.1999.云南五种用材竹的致霉菌及其致霉性特性研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,18(1):16-22.
20.冯健,张健.2005.巨桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律[J].应用生态学报.16(8):1422-1426.
21.高超云,朱文珊,陈文新.1998.士壤真菌群落生态特征与营养分化[J].生态科学,17(1):60-66.
22.郭银宝,许小英.2005.祁连林区不同植被类型下三种土壤微生物群落的数量分布[J].青海农林科技.3:16-18.
23.韩芳,邵玉琴,赵吉.2002.曾对黄甫川流域不同草地类型土壤中为生物多样性的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报,33(5):552-557.
24.韩燕峰,梁宗琪,初华丽.2004.高山弯颈霉(Tolypocladium nubicola),中国弯颈霉属一新记录种[J].菌物研究,2(2):50-52.
25.韩雪梅,郭卫华,周娟,张淑萍,王仁卿.2006.土壤微生物生态学研究中的非培养方法[J].生态科学,25(1):87-90.
26.郝锡联,任炳忠,吴艳光,等.2006.长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅱ)——访花昆虫种类与分布[J].吉林师范大学学报.3:16-20.
27.郝占庆,邓红兵,姜萍,等.2001.长白山北坡植物群落问物种共有度的海拔梯度变化[J].生态学报,21(9):2240-2245.
28.黄进勇,李春霞.2004.土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因子及其效应[J].河南科技大学学报,24(4):10-13.
29.潘俊波,姜佰文,李传宝,等.2004.土壤微生物快速检测技术的研究[J].林业科技情报,36(3):97-98.
30.黄庆辉,杨淑专.1991.闽西梅花山自然保护区森林土壤微生物数量分布与区系的研究[J].福建林学院学报,11(1):90-97.
31.胡承彪,韦源连,朱宏光.1992.广西森林土壤丝状真菌的生态分布[J].生态学杂志,11(6):11-16
32.贾春生,由士江,宋晓辉.2005.吉林市森林土壤中的昆虫病原真菌调查[J].韶关学院学报,26(3):86-89.
33.蒋志刚,纪力强.1999.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J].生物多样性,7(3):220-225.
34.孔华忠.2007.中国真菌志,第三十五卷,青霉属及其相关有性型属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-284.
35.梁晨,吕国忠.2000.土壤真菌分离和计数方法的探讨[J].沈阳农业大学学报,31(5):515-519.
36.李博,徐炳声,陈家宽.2001.从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征[J].生物多样性,(9)4::446-457.
37.刘大力,肖昌松,周培瑾.1994.南极长城站微生物区系调查[J].生物多样性,2(2):76-81.
38.刘会梅,张天宇.2004.黄河三角洲地区土壤中暗色丝孢菌研究初报Ⅰ[J].菌物学报,23(3):338-344.
39.刘会梅.2004.中国东部暖温带地区土壤中暗色丝孢菌分类研究.博士学位论文.山东农业大学,21-184.
40.刘会梅,张天宇.2008.土壤真菌研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,39(2):326-330.
41.李建东,吴榜华,盛连喜.2001.吉林植被[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,393-396.
42.李建平,李涛,赵之伟.2003.金沙江干热河谷(元谋段)丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究[J].菌 物系统,22(4):604-612.
43.李延茂,胡江春,卜张晶,等.2005.杉木连栽土壤微生物多样性的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,16(7):1275-1278.
44.李越中,郑是琳,姜广正.1992.毛白杨落叶的分解及叶上小型真菌种群的演替[J].微生物学报,32(4):299-304.
45.刘阳,刘玉焕,李方.2004.广谱降解有机磷农药的真菌酶解研究[J].中山大学学,43(2):76-80.
46.林波,刘庆,吴彦,等.2004.森林凋落物研究进展[J].生态学杂志,23(1):60-64.
47.刘利,邰志娟.2001.长白山国家级自然保护区生物多样性现状与保护[J].长春师范学院学报,27(15):60-65.
48.刘美爽,杨卫东.2006.森林生物多样性可持续发展的探讨[J].林业科技,31(4):66-67.
49.陆勇军,陆大京.广州市郊蔬菜根际真菌物种多样性[J].生态科学,18(1):56-58.
50.马克平.1993.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性.1(1):20-22.
51.马万里.2004.土壤微生物多样性研究的新方法[J].土壤学报,41(1):103-106.
52.孟庆繁,高文韬,刘生冬.2008.长白山北坡针叶林带蛾类多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,36(3):15-17.
53.齐祖同主编.1997.中国真菌志,第五卷,曲霉属及其相关有性型[M].北京:科学出版社,1-197.
54.任炳忠,吴艳光,杜秀娟,等.2006.长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性[J].东北师大学报,38(3):79-82.
55.史铭儡,刘淑霞,李玉,等.2004.不同肥力下黑土土壤真菌数量年变化的研究[J].菌物研究,2(4):16-21.
56.宋福强,田兴军,郝杰杰,等.2005.栓皮栎林下主要丝状真菌的分解能力[J].生态学报,25(1):89-95.
57.宋漳,朱锦懋,杨玉盛.2000.闽北常绿阔叶林土壤微生物学特性的研究[J].福建林学院学报,20(4):317-320.
58.谭悠久,孙广宁.2004.中国毛壳菌科分类研究(Ⅱ)[J].石河子大学学报(增刊),22:82-83.
59.王拱辰,郑重,叶琪明,等.1996.常见镰刀菌鉴定指南[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1-97.
60.魏景超.1979.真菌鉴定手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1-780.
61.文成敬,陶家凤,陈文瑞.1993.中国西南地区术霉属分类研究[J].菌物学报,12(2):118-130.
62.佟富春,金哲东,王庆礼,等.2003.长白山北坡土壤动物群落物种共有度的海拔梯度变化[J].应用生态学报,14(10):1723-17
63.吴庆禹,董爱荣,王君玫,等.2005.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区枫桦红松林土壤真菌[J].东北林业大学学报,33(2):43-45.
64.吴庆禹,董爱荣,张绍松,等.2005.凉水自然保护区红松人工林土壤真菌[J].林业科技,30(3):29-31.
65.王春艳.2005.森林凋落物分解菌的种类和多样性分析[J].林业建设,6:15-16.
66.王发园,林先贵,周健民.2004.中国AM真菌的生物多样性[J].生态学杂志,23(6):149-154.
67.王家和,唐嘉义,何永宏,等.2000.大围山自然保护区土壤真菌名录初报[J].云南农业大学学报,15(1):16-20.
68.王锐萍,刘强,文艳,等.2005.鼎湖山和尖峰岭土壤及凋落物中微生物数量季节动态[J].土壤通报,36(6):933-937.
69.王正荣,李扬旗,黄韶华.1994.沙滩荒漠生态区的土壤微生物检测[J].新疆环境保护,16(4):182-186.
70.魏玉莲,戴玉成.2004.木材腐朽菌在森林生态系统中的功能[J].应用生态学报,15(10):1935-1938.
71.魏志琴,曾秀敏,宋培勇.2006.土壤微生物DNA提取方法研究进展[J]'遵义师范学院学报,8 (4):53-56.
72.武觑文,高宗庆,姚俊梅.1985.培养真菌的试剂松膏和松裔培养基[J].真菌学报,4(3):185-192.
73.肖育贵,胡震宇.1991.不同林型土壤微生物种群数量及养分变化分析[J].四川林业科技,18(4):32-35.
74.邢来君,李明春.2003.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1-345.
75.许光辉,郑洪元,张德生,等.1984.长白山北坡自然保护区森林土壤微生物生态分布及其生化特性的研究[J].生态学报,4(3):207-223.
76.许华夏,张桂春.1998.微生物降解石油污染的土壤.辽宁城乡环境科技,18(6):22-24.
77.姚煦,王心明,等.2001.通化长白山及双辽市申克孢子丝菌和暗色真菌的分离研究[J].长春中医学院学报,17(1):42-44.
78.姚一健,李玉译.2002.菌物学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1-771.
79.姚拓,杨秀俊,景耀,等.1998.秦岭落叶松林土壤真菌种群及其生态特性研究[J].生态学杂志,17(4):7-13.
80.姚拓,马丽萍,张德罡.2005.我国草地土壤微生物生态研究进展及浅评[J].草业科学,22(11):1-7.
81.严东辉,姚一建.2003.菌物在森林生态系统中的功能和作用研究进展[J].植物生态学报,27(2):143-150.
82.杨芳,王开运,方德华,等.2004.川西亚高山针叶林土壤微生物生态研究展望[J].内蒙古林业科技.2:26:29.
83.杨莉榕,任文智,贺冰.园林土壤真菌种类的初步研究[J].山西农业大学学报,28(2):149-152.
84.杨明宪,马树才.1990.长白山北坡土壤蜻类调查及其数量分析[J].辽宁大学学报,17(1):55-63.
85.杨喜田,宁国华,董惠英,等.2006.太行山区不同植被群落土壤微生物学特征变化[J].应用生态学报,17(9):1761-1764.
86.于德永,郝占庆,姬兰柱,等.2003.长白山北坡植物群落相异性及其海拔梯度变化[J].生态学杂志,22(5):1-5.
87.于淑玲.2006.河北省临城县小天池林区被子植物区系研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,34(7):72-76.
88.俞益武,徐秋芳.2003.天然林改为经济林后土壤微生物量的变化[J].水土保持学报,17(5):103-106.
89.张崇邦,金则新,李均敏.2001.浙江天台山不同林型土壤环境的微生物区系和细菌生理群的多样[J].性生物多样性,9(4):382-388.
90.章家恩,蔡燕飞,高爱霞,等.2004.土壤微生物多样性实验研究方法概述[J].土壤,36(4):346-350.
91.张晶,张惠文,李新宇,等.2004.土壤真菌多样性及分子生态学研究进展[J].应用生态学报,15(10):1958-1962.
92.张萍,郭辉军,刀志灵,等.1999.高黎贡山土壤微生物的数量和多样性[J].生物多样性,7(4):294-302.
93.张薇魏,海雷,高洪文,等.2005.土壤微生物多样性及其环境影响因子研究进展[J].生态学杂志.24(1):48-52.
94.张荣,陈占全,李松龄.2003.湟水流域农田土壤真菌数量分布研究[J].青海林业科技,2:4-6.
95.张睿,刘志恒,杨红.吉林省人参根际土壤真菌群落生态特征及区系分析[J].吉林农业科学.2008,33(1):47-50.
96.张其水,俞新妥.1991.杉木连栽地土壤微生物的季节动态研究[J].福建林学院学报,11(4):422-427.1.
97.张伟,许俊杰,张天宇.2005.土壤真菌研究进展[J].菌物研究,(3)2:52-58.
98.张天宇主编.2003.中国真菌志,第十六卷,链格孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-283.
99.张中义主编.2003.中国真菌志,第十四卷,枝孢属黑星孢属梨孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-297.
100.张中义主编.2006.中国真菌志,第二十六卷,葡萄孢属柱格孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-277.
101.赵光,王宏燕.2006.土壤微生物多样性的分子生态学研究方法[J].中国林副特产.80(1):54-56.
102.赵肖为,周茂洪.2005.乐清湾红树林真菌区系研究[J].温州大学学报,18(4):55-57.
103.郑鸿元,李凤珍,卢跃波.1987.长白山北坡阔叶红松林下土壤枯叶分解过程中微生物特性的研究[J].生态学杂志,6(3):6-13.
104.郑儒永.1998.中国低温毛霉的分类学研究.博士学位论文.中国科学院微生物研究所,1-99.
105.钟文辉,蔡祖聪.2004.土壤微生物多样性研究方法[J].应用生态学报,15(5):899-904.
106.邹莉,李国江,郑国强.2000.水曲柳落叶松纯林与混交林土壤微生物主要生理类群[J].东北林业大学学报,28(2):49-51.
107.庄铁诚,林鹏.1992.红树林凋落叶自然分解与落叶腐解微生物的关系[J]_植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(1):17-24.
108.庄铁诚,林鹏,陈仁华.1998.武夷山不同类型森林土壤真菌、丝状真菌优势菌属的初步研究[J].土壤通报,35(1):119-123.
109.朱斌,王维中,张立新,等.2000.宝华山不同演替群落下的土壤微生物状况[J].南京林业大学学报,24(3):61-64.
110.Adametz L.1886.Untersuchungen uber die niederen pilze der Ackerkrumme[J].Inaug.Diss Leipzig,2:78-80.
111.Alcorn,G.D.,and C.C.Yeager.1938.A monograph of the genus Cunninghamella with additional descriptions of several common species[J].Mycologia 30:653-658.
112.Ames L M,1961.A monograph of the Chaetomiaceae[M].Army research office.1-125
113.Anderson I.C.,Campbell C.D.,Prosser J.I.2003.Diversity of fungi in organic soils under a moorland-Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)gradient[J].Environ Microbiol,5:1121-1132.
114.Arx J Avon,Guarro J,Figueras M J,1986.The ascomycete genus Chaetomium.Beheifte zur Nova.[J]Hedwigia,84:1-162
115.A rx J.A.Von,1971.On A rachniotus and related genena[J].Persoonia,6:371-380.
114.Barron G.L.1961.Studies on species of Helicodendron,Oidiodendron and Stachybotrys from Soil[J]. Can. J. Bot., 39:1563-1571.
116. Barron G. L.1964.A new genus of the Hyphomycetes from soil[J].Mycologia, 56:515-518.
117. Barron G. L., Bhatt G. C.1967. A new species of Gonytrichum from soil[J]. Mycopath. Mycol. App., 32:126-128.
118. Barron GL. 1968. The genera of Hyphomycetes from soil[M]. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins, 1-245.
119. Bertoldi M. D.,1976. New species of Humcola an approach to genetic and biochemical classification [J]. Can. J. Bot., 54:2755-2768.
120. Bertoldi M. D. Lepidi A. A. Nuti M. P. 1972. Classification of the genus Humicola Traaen I. Preliminary reports and investigations[J]. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 46(4):289-304.
121. Batista AC, Silva Maia HD and Cavalcanti W, 1960. Otomicose por Waldemaria poemambucensis n. gen., n. sp. Atas Inst. Micol. {Recife), 1:5-12.
122. Benjamin, C. R., and C. W. Hesseltine. 1957. The genus Actinomucor. Mycologia 49:240-249.
123. Beyma TK, van FH, 1942. Beschreibung einiger neuer Pilzarten aus dem Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn(Netherland). VII. Antonic van Leeuwenhoek Journal Microbioogy Scroll, 8: 105-122.
124. Bisby G. R.1945. Stachybotrys. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 26:133-143.
125. Bryce K., Jane E. S.,John N., Nancy S. W..1994.A study of morphological variability, characters analysis, and taxonomic significance in the zygomycetous anamorph-genus Umbelopsis. Vol.1:15-26.
126. Cannon P.F.,Hawksworth D.L.1982. Are-evaluation of Melanospora Corda and similar Pyrenomycetes, with a revision of the British species. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 84: 115-160.
127. Carmichael J W, Kendrick W B, Conners L, Singler L. Genera of Hyphomycetes.Edmonton: The University of Alberta Press[M]. 1980.1-386.
128. Castellani A, 1937. A preliminary report on two pathogenic fungi: Trichophyton Dankaliense n. sp.; Sporotrichum Anglicum n. sp.. Jour. Trop. Med. Hyg., 40: 313-318.
129. Chesters C GC.1940.A method of isolating soil fungi[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 22:352-355.
130. Chesters C GC. Acontributionto the studyoffungi inthe soil[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1948 ,30:100-117.
131. Christensen M. 1981. The fungal community, its organization and role in the ecosystem. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1-25.
132. Chen Lingzhi, Bao Xiancheng et al. 1964. Some structural characteristics of main plant communities in different vertical zones on the Northern slope of the Changbai Mountain in Jilin province[J]. Actaphytoecologica et Geobotanica sinica 2(2): 207-225.
133. Currah RS, 1985.Taxonomy of the Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae, Gymnoascaceae, Myxotrichaceae and Onygenaceae[J]. Mycotaxon, 24: 1-216.
134. Dobranic J.K., Zak J.C. 1999. A micro titer plate procedure for evaluating fungal functional diversity. Mycologia, 91:756-765.
135. Domsch K.H., Gams W., Anderson T.H. 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi[M]. London: Academic Press, 1-859.
136. Ellis M.B. 1965. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes[J]. Mycological Papers. No. 103: 1-30.
137. Garcia D, Stchigel A.M., Guarro J. 2004. Two new species of Sphaerodes from Spanish soils[J]. Studies in Mycology, 50: 63-68.
138. Getherine C.A., Wolf J.E., Theimer T.C. 2002. Terrestrial vertebrates promote arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and inoculums potential in rain forest soil. Ecol Let, 5: 540-548.
139. Ghosh GR, Orr GF and Kuehn HH, 1963. A new genus of the Gymnoascaceae with a rudimentary peridium[J]. Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata, 21: 36-44.
140. Gilman. 1950. A mannual of soil fungi[M].The iowa state collegae press.1:392.
141. HAO Zhan-qin,YU De-yong, YE Ji, JIANG Ping. 2002. The estimation of species richness at different altitudes on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 13(3): 191-195.
142. Hawksworth D.L. 1991. The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance and conservation. Mycological Research, 95: 641-655.
143. Hawksworth D.L. 2001. The magnitude of fungal diversity: The 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycol Res, 105: 1422-1432.
144. Hawksworth D.L, Rossman A.Y. 1997. Where are all the undescribed fungi? Phytopathology, 87: 888-891.
145. Hawksworth D.L., Udagawa S. 1977. Contributions to a monograph of Microthecium. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 18: 143-154.
146. Hesseltine C.W., Benjamin C.R., Mehrotra B.S. 1959. The genus Zygorhynchus[J]. Mycologia, Vol.51:173-194.
147. Hin-Yuen Yip.1986. Two new species of Umbelopsis from soil in Australia[J]. Mycol. Soc., 87(2): 243-248.
148. Hughes S. J. 1952. Trichocaldium Harz[J]. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 35:152-157.
149. Jong S. C, Davis E. E.1976. Contribution to the knowledge of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella in culture[J]. Mycotaxon, 3:409-485.
150. Jonsson L., Dahlberg A., Nilsson M.C., Zackrisson O. and Kr(?)n O. 1999. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in late-successional Swedish boreal forests, and their composition following wildfire[J]. Molecular Ecology , 8: 205-215.
151. Jalaluddin M 1969 Microorganic colonization of forest soil after burning. Plant and Soil 30, 150-152.
152. Jurnpponen A. 2003. Soil fungal community assembly in a primary successional glacier forefront ecosystem as inferred from rDNA sequence analysis[J]. New phytol, 58: 569-578.
153. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW and DavidJ C. 2001. Ainsworth and bisby's dictionary of the fungi 9thed. [M].UK: Biddies Ltd. 1-700.
154. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW and Stalpers JA, 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi[M]. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK, pp.771.
155. Klich M.A., Pitt J.I. 1994. A laboratory guide to common Aspergillus species and their teleomorphs[J]. Australia:CSIRO, Division of Food Processing, 1-116.
156. Klamer, M., Roberts, M.S., Levine, L.H., Drake, B.G., Garland, J.L., 2002. Influence of levated CO2 on the fungal community in a coastal scruboak forest soil investigated using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Applied and Environmental[J]. Microbiology,68: 4370-4376.
157. Kubicek C.P., Harman G.E. 1998. Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology[J], Taxonomy and Genetics. London : Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1 -34.
158. Kuehn HH, 1957. Observations on Gymnoascaceae V, developmental morphology of two species representing a new genus of the Gymnoascaceae[J]. Mycologia, 49: 694-706.
159. Kuehn HH and Orr GF, 1959. Observation on Gymnoascaceae VI, a new species of Arachnitus[J]. Mycologia, 51: 864-870.
160. Mathur PN, 1970. Studies on some Pseudoarachniotus species from India[J]. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata, 40: 97-105.
161. Manka M., Fruzynska J.D. 1996. Biocontrol of greenhouse carnation Fusarium wilt with saprophytic forest soil fungi. Folia Horticulturae, 8(1): 93-105.
162. Matha V., Jegorov A., Weiser J. 1992. The mosquitocidal activity of conidia of Tolypocladium tundrense and Tolypocladium terricola. Cytobios, 69(278-279): 163-170.
163. Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M]. Croom Helm, London: 1-179.
164. May R.M.1975. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. In: M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond, Editors, Ecology and evolution of communities, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 81-120.
165. Meyer W., Gams W.2003. Delimitation of Umbelopsis (Mucorales, Umbelopsidaceae fam. nov.) based on ITS sequence and RFLP data.[J]. Mycological Research, 107(3): 339-350.
166. Mil'ko,A.A. 1970.Genus Absidia van Tieghem (Mucorales) [J].Nov.Syst.Plant. non Vascul. 7:121-138.
167. Nag Raj T.R. 1993. Coelomycetous Anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia[J]. Canada: Mycologue Publication, 623-671.
168. Petch T. 1938. British Hypocreales. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 21: 243-305.
169. Pitt J.I. 1988. A Laboratory guide to common Penicillium species. Australia:CSIRO, Division of Food Processing, 1-187.
170. Oades J.M., TisdallJ.M. 1979. Stabilization of soil aggregates by the root systems of ryegrass[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17:429-441.
171. Oudemans C A J A , Koning C J. 1902.Prodome d' une flore mycologique obtenue par la culture sur g(?)latine pr(?)par(?)e de la terrehumeuse du spanderswoud , pres de Bussum [ J ] . Archives Ne erlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Ⅱ, 7 :266-298.
172. Orr GF, Ghosh GR and Roy K, 1977. The genera Gymnascella, Arachniotus and Pseudoarachniotus. Mycologia, 69: 126-163.
173. Peck CH, 1885. New literature[J]. Journal Mycologia, 1: 56-58.
174. Pedro W. C, Alan J.L., Michael J. W.1992. Effects of cultural conditions on vesicle and conidium morphology in species of Cylindrocladium and Cylindroclaiella[3].Mycologia, 84(4): 497-504.
175. Peerally A.. 1991.The classification and phytopatholoyg of cylindwcladium species[J]. Myxotaxon, Ⅺ: 323-366.
176. Ranjard L., Lejon D.P., Mougel C., et al. 2003. Sampling strategy in molecular ecology: Influence of soil sample size on DNA fingerprinting analysis of fungal and bacteria communities. Environ Microbiol, 5: 1111-1120.
177. Samson R. A. & Frisvad J. C. 1991. Current taxonomic concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus, in Cereal Grain, Mycotoxins, Fungi and Quality in Drying and Storage[J], Elsevier Amsterdam, 39-405.
178. Samson R. A.. 1993. Taxonomy-current concepts of Aspergillus systematics[J], in Biotechnology Handbooks, Vol. 7. Aspergillus, Plenum Press, New York, London, 1-22.
179. Sissett J. 1983. Notes on Tolypocladium and related genera[J]. Can. J. Bot., 61: 1311-1329.
180. Simmons E. G. 1967. Typifation of Alternaria, Stemphylium and Ulocladium[J]. Mycologia, 59:67-92.
181. Song Fu-qiang, Tian Xing-Jun, LI Zhong-Qi, et al.2004. Diversity of filamentous fungi in organic layers of two forests in Zijin Mountain[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 15(4): 273-279.
182. Sobek E.A., Zak J.C. 2003. The soil fungi Log procedure: Method and analytical approaches toward understanding fungal functional diversity. Mycologia, 95: 590-602.
183. Sun Guang-Yu, TAN You-Jiu, ZHANG Rong.2004. The family chaetomiaceae from china I .Species of the genus chaetomium[J]. Mycosystema, 23(3): 333-337
184. Sun Guang-Yu, Tan You-Jiu, Zhang Rong. The family Chaetomiaceae from China Ⅲ. Species of Chaetomium and Thielavia[J]. Mycosystem, 24(3): 318-321.
185. Sutton Brian C. 1980. The Coelomycetes[M]. England: C. M. I, 251-269.
186. Stevens C., Palmer M. A., Tang A. Y., et al. 1990. Use of aminopeptidase substrate apecificities to identify species of Cylindrocladium in Wisconsin Nurseries[J]. Mycologia, 82(4): 436-443.
187. Unagawa S, Awao T.1984. A new Myrothecium from Japan.Arhizonic acid Producer[J]. Mycotaxon ⅩⅩ(2):381-387.
188. Van Elsas J D, Garbeva P, Salles J.2002. Effects of agronomical measures on the microbial diversity of soill as related to the soil suppression of soil-born plant pathogens[J]. Biodegradtion, 13: 29-40.
189. Viaud M., Pasquier A., Brygoo Y. 2000. Investigation of the influence of prescribed burning on ITS profiles of ectomycorrhizal and other soil fungi at three Australian sclerophyll forest sites [J]. Mycological Research, 106 (5): 532-540.
190. Visser Suzanne. 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in jack pine stands following wildfire[J]. New Phytologist, 129: 389-401.
191. Von Arx J.A.1981. The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture[J]. Vaduz: Cramer J., 141-156.
192. Warcup, J.H. 1959. Studies on Basidiomycetes in soil[J]. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc, 42: 45-52.
193. Watanabe, T. 1994. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species[J]. London: CRC press, 1-411.
194. Thirumalachar MJ and Mathur PM, 1965. Narasimhela, a new genus of the Gymnoascace[J]. Sydowia, 19: 184-186.
195. Takahashi R. 1919. On some subaquatic Aphididae with description of one new genus and species. Insect World. Gifu ⅩⅩⅢ:439-442.
196. Wang Y. Z, Guo F, Zhou Y.G.. 2002. Survey of Acremonium species from China with three new records[J]. Mycosystema, 21(2): 192-195.
197. Wang Q. K. , Wang S. L.. 2006. Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils: effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 17(3): 197-200.
198. Wang Zhan, Xu Zhenbang et al. 1980. Main forest types and characteristics of community structure on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain (1) [C]. In: Forest Ecosystem Research (1). Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 25-42.
199. Warcup J.H. 1959. Studies on Basidiomycetes in soil. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 42: 45-52.
200. Watanabe T., Watanabe Y, et al.2001. Notes on two Umbelopsis species: U. nana and U. vinacea from Japan[J].Mycoscience, 42: 235-237.
201. Watanabe T. Nakanura K.2004.Cylindrocladium species and the related fungi isolated in the Ogasawara Islands and the Ryukyu Islans, Japan[J]. Mycoscience, 45: 351-356.
202. Whittake R. H.1957a. Recent evolution of ecological concepts in relation to the eastern forests of North [J]. America. Am. J. Bot. 44: 197-206.
203. Widden P. 1987. Fungal communities in soils along an elevation gradient in northern England[J]. Mycologia, 79:298-309.
204. Zuch R.K.1946.Isolations intermediate between Stachybotrys and Memoniella [J]. Mycologia, 38:69-76.
2.白清云.1997.土壤微生物群落结构的化学估价方法[J].农业环境保护,16(6):252-256.
3.陈杰,董爱荣,吕国忠.2004.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区白桦林土壤真菌[J].东北林业大学学报,32(6):108-110.
4.陈廷贵,张金屯.1999.十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].河南科学,17(专辑):55-71.
5.陈灵芝.1993.生物多样性保护状及其研究[J].生命科学,7-9.
6.陈辉,唐明,刘安全,等.1993.人工竹林凋落物中真菌群落的研究[J].西北林学院学报,8(4):41-45.
7.陈仁华.2004.武夷山不同森林类型土壤微生物分布状况的研究[J].福建林业科技,31(4):44-47.
8.陈鸿逵,王拱辰.1992.浙江镰刀菌志[M].浙江:浙江科学技术出版社,1-72.
9.陈育新,韦刚,陈卫平.2002.拟盘多毛孢属真菌的新种[J].菌物学报,21(3):316-323.
10.戴芳澜,1979.中国真菌总汇[M].北京:科学出版社.1-1527.
11.董爱荣,吕国忠,吴庆禹,等.2004.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区森林土壤真菌的多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,32(1):8-10.
12.董爱荣.2002.小兴安岭森林士壤真菌多样性及分类研究.博士后研究工作报告.沈阳农业大学,1-40.
13.董百丽,魏春艳,于大炮,等.2008.长白山北坡环境因子对水甲虫多样性影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,27(2):299-301.
14.东秀珠,洪俊华.2001.原核微生物的多样性[J].生物多样性,9(1):18-24.
15.方羽生,李小妮,黄田福,等.2006.菜地和稻田土壤真菌的分离方法比较[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,19(2):53-55.
16.方中达.1998.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1-150.
17.范丙全,刘巧玲.2005.保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,13(3):130-132.
18.冯健,张健,梁剑.2005.巨桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的初步研究[J].四川农业大学学报,23(3):300-304.
19.付惠,陈玉惠,王文久,等.1999.云南五种用材竹的致霉菌及其致霉性特性研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,18(1):16-22.
20.冯健,张健.2005.巨桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律[J].应用生态学报.16(8):1422-1426.
21.高超云,朱文珊,陈文新.1998.士壤真菌群落生态特征与营养分化[J].生态科学,17(1):60-66.
22.郭银宝,许小英.2005.祁连林区不同植被类型下三种土壤微生物群落的数量分布[J].青海农林科技.3:16-18.
23.韩芳,邵玉琴,赵吉.2002.曾对黄甫川流域不同草地类型土壤中为生物多样性的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报,33(5):552-557.
24.韩燕峰,梁宗琪,初华丽.2004.高山弯颈霉(Tolypocladium nubicola),中国弯颈霉属一新记录种[J].菌物研究,2(2):50-52.
25.韩雪梅,郭卫华,周娟,张淑萍,王仁卿.2006.土壤微生物生态学研究中的非培养方法[J].生态科学,25(1):87-90.
26.郝锡联,任炳忠,吴艳光,等.2006.长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅱ)——访花昆虫种类与分布[J].吉林师范大学学报.3:16-20.
27.郝占庆,邓红兵,姜萍,等.2001.长白山北坡植物群落问物种共有度的海拔梯度变化[J].生态学报,21(9):2240-2245.
28.黄进勇,李春霞.2004.土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因子及其效应[J].河南科技大学学报,24(4):10-13.
29.潘俊波,姜佰文,李传宝,等.2004.土壤微生物快速检测技术的研究[J].林业科技情报,36(3):97-98.
30.黄庆辉,杨淑专.1991.闽西梅花山自然保护区森林土壤微生物数量分布与区系的研究[J].福建林学院学报,11(1):90-97.
31.胡承彪,韦源连,朱宏光.1992.广西森林土壤丝状真菌的生态分布[J].生态学杂志,11(6):11-16
32.贾春生,由士江,宋晓辉.2005.吉林市森林土壤中的昆虫病原真菌调查[J].韶关学院学报,26(3):86-89.
33.蒋志刚,纪力强.1999.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J].生物多样性,7(3):220-225.
34.孔华忠.2007.中国真菌志,第三十五卷,青霉属及其相关有性型属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-284.
35.梁晨,吕国忠.2000.土壤真菌分离和计数方法的探讨[J].沈阳农业大学学报,31(5):515-519.
36.李博,徐炳声,陈家宽.2001.从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征[J].生物多样性,(9)4::446-457.
37.刘大力,肖昌松,周培瑾.1994.南极长城站微生物区系调查[J].生物多样性,2(2):76-81.
38.刘会梅,张天宇.2004.黄河三角洲地区土壤中暗色丝孢菌研究初报Ⅰ[J].菌物学报,23(3):338-344.
39.刘会梅.2004.中国东部暖温带地区土壤中暗色丝孢菌分类研究.博士学位论文.山东农业大学,21-184.
40.刘会梅,张天宇.2008.土壤真菌研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,39(2):326-330.
41.李建东,吴榜华,盛连喜.2001.吉林植被[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,393-396.
42.李建平,李涛,赵之伟.2003.金沙江干热河谷(元谋段)丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究[J].菌 物系统,22(4):604-612.
43.李延茂,胡江春,卜张晶,等.2005.杉木连栽土壤微生物多样性的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,16(7):1275-1278.
44.李越中,郑是琳,姜广正.1992.毛白杨落叶的分解及叶上小型真菌种群的演替[J].微生物学报,32(4):299-304.
45.刘阳,刘玉焕,李方.2004.广谱降解有机磷农药的真菌酶解研究[J].中山大学学,43(2):76-80.
46.林波,刘庆,吴彦,等.2004.森林凋落物研究进展[J].生态学杂志,23(1):60-64.
47.刘利,邰志娟.2001.长白山国家级自然保护区生物多样性现状与保护[J].长春师范学院学报,27(15):60-65.
48.刘美爽,杨卫东.2006.森林生物多样性可持续发展的探讨[J].林业科技,31(4):66-67.
49.陆勇军,陆大京.广州市郊蔬菜根际真菌物种多样性[J].生态科学,18(1):56-58.
50.马克平.1993.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性.1(1):20-22.
51.马万里.2004.土壤微生物多样性研究的新方法[J].土壤学报,41(1):103-106.
52.孟庆繁,高文韬,刘生冬.2008.长白山北坡针叶林带蛾类多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,36(3):15-17.
53.齐祖同主编.1997.中国真菌志,第五卷,曲霉属及其相关有性型[M].北京:科学出版社,1-197.
54.任炳忠,吴艳光,杜秀娟,等.2006.长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性[J].东北师大学报,38(3):79-82.
55.史铭儡,刘淑霞,李玉,等.2004.不同肥力下黑土土壤真菌数量年变化的研究[J].菌物研究,2(4):16-21.
56.宋福强,田兴军,郝杰杰,等.2005.栓皮栎林下主要丝状真菌的分解能力[J].生态学报,25(1):89-95.
57.宋漳,朱锦懋,杨玉盛.2000.闽北常绿阔叶林土壤微生物学特性的研究[J].福建林学院学报,20(4):317-320.
58.谭悠久,孙广宁.2004.中国毛壳菌科分类研究(Ⅱ)[J].石河子大学学报(增刊),22:82-83.
59.王拱辰,郑重,叶琪明,等.1996.常见镰刀菌鉴定指南[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1-97.
60.魏景超.1979.真菌鉴定手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1-780.
61.文成敬,陶家凤,陈文瑞.1993.中国西南地区术霉属分类研究[J].菌物学报,12(2):118-130.
62.佟富春,金哲东,王庆礼,等.2003.长白山北坡土壤动物群落物种共有度的海拔梯度变化[J].应用生态学报,14(10):1723-17
63.吴庆禹,董爱荣,王君玫,等.2005.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区枫桦红松林土壤真菌[J].东北林业大学学报,33(2):43-45.
64.吴庆禹,董爱荣,张绍松,等.2005.凉水自然保护区红松人工林土壤真菌[J].林业科技,30(3):29-31.
65.王春艳.2005.森林凋落物分解菌的种类和多样性分析[J].林业建设,6:15-16.
66.王发园,林先贵,周健民.2004.中国AM真菌的生物多样性[J].生态学杂志,23(6):149-154.
67.王家和,唐嘉义,何永宏,等.2000.大围山自然保护区土壤真菌名录初报[J].云南农业大学学报,15(1):16-20.
68.王锐萍,刘强,文艳,等.2005.鼎湖山和尖峰岭土壤及凋落物中微生物数量季节动态[J].土壤通报,36(6):933-937.
69.王正荣,李扬旗,黄韶华.1994.沙滩荒漠生态区的土壤微生物检测[J].新疆环境保护,16(4):182-186.
70.魏玉莲,戴玉成.2004.木材腐朽菌在森林生态系统中的功能[J].应用生态学报,15(10):1935-1938.
71.魏志琴,曾秀敏,宋培勇.2006.土壤微生物DNA提取方法研究进展[J]'遵义师范学院学报,8 (4):53-56.
72.武觑文,高宗庆,姚俊梅.1985.培养真菌的试剂松膏和松裔培养基[J].真菌学报,4(3):185-192.
73.肖育贵,胡震宇.1991.不同林型土壤微生物种群数量及养分变化分析[J].四川林业科技,18(4):32-35.
74.邢来君,李明春.2003.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1-345.
75.许光辉,郑洪元,张德生,等.1984.长白山北坡自然保护区森林土壤微生物生态分布及其生化特性的研究[J].生态学报,4(3):207-223.
76.许华夏,张桂春.1998.微生物降解石油污染的土壤.辽宁城乡环境科技,18(6):22-24.
77.姚煦,王心明,等.2001.通化长白山及双辽市申克孢子丝菌和暗色真菌的分离研究[J].长春中医学院学报,17(1):42-44.
78.姚一健,李玉译.2002.菌物学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1-771.
79.姚拓,杨秀俊,景耀,等.1998.秦岭落叶松林土壤真菌种群及其生态特性研究[J].生态学杂志,17(4):7-13.
80.姚拓,马丽萍,张德罡.2005.我国草地土壤微生物生态研究进展及浅评[J].草业科学,22(11):1-7.
81.严东辉,姚一建.2003.菌物在森林生态系统中的功能和作用研究进展[J].植物生态学报,27(2):143-150.
82.杨芳,王开运,方德华,等.2004.川西亚高山针叶林土壤微生物生态研究展望[J].内蒙古林业科技.2:26:29.
83.杨莉榕,任文智,贺冰.园林土壤真菌种类的初步研究[J].山西农业大学学报,28(2):149-152.
84.杨明宪,马树才.1990.长白山北坡土壤蜻类调查及其数量分析[J].辽宁大学学报,17(1):55-63.
85.杨喜田,宁国华,董惠英,等.2006.太行山区不同植被群落土壤微生物学特征变化[J].应用生态学报,17(9):1761-1764.
86.于德永,郝占庆,姬兰柱,等.2003.长白山北坡植物群落相异性及其海拔梯度变化[J].生态学杂志,22(5):1-5.
87.于淑玲.2006.河北省临城县小天池林区被子植物区系研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,34(7):72-76.
88.俞益武,徐秋芳.2003.天然林改为经济林后土壤微生物量的变化[J].水土保持学报,17(5):103-106.
89.张崇邦,金则新,李均敏.2001.浙江天台山不同林型土壤环境的微生物区系和细菌生理群的多样[J].性生物多样性,9(4):382-388.
90.章家恩,蔡燕飞,高爱霞,等.2004.土壤微生物多样性实验研究方法概述[J].土壤,36(4):346-350.
91.张晶,张惠文,李新宇,等.2004.土壤真菌多样性及分子生态学研究进展[J].应用生态学报,15(10):1958-1962.
92.张萍,郭辉军,刀志灵,等.1999.高黎贡山土壤微生物的数量和多样性[J].生物多样性,7(4):294-302.
93.张薇魏,海雷,高洪文,等.2005.土壤微生物多样性及其环境影响因子研究进展[J].生态学杂志.24(1):48-52.
94.张荣,陈占全,李松龄.2003.湟水流域农田土壤真菌数量分布研究[J].青海林业科技,2:4-6.
95.张睿,刘志恒,杨红.吉林省人参根际土壤真菌群落生态特征及区系分析[J].吉林农业科学.2008,33(1):47-50.
96.张其水,俞新妥.1991.杉木连栽地土壤微生物的季节动态研究[J].福建林学院学报,11(4):422-427.1.
97.张伟,许俊杰,张天宇.2005.土壤真菌研究进展[J].菌物研究,(3)2:52-58.
98.张天宇主编.2003.中国真菌志,第十六卷,链格孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-283.
99.张中义主编.2003.中国真菌志,第十四卷,枝孢属黑星孢属梨孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-297.
100.张中义主编.2006.中国真菌志,第二十六卷,葡萄孢属柱格孢属[M].北京:科学出版社,1-277.
101.赵光,王宏燕.2006.土壤微生物多样性的分子生态学研究方法[J].中国林副特产.80(1):54-56.
102.赵肖为,周茂洪.2005.乐清湾红树林真菌区系研究[J].温州大学学报,18(4):55-57.
103.郑鸿元,李凤珍,卢跃波.1987.长白山北坡阔叶红松林下土壤枯叶分解过程中微生物特性的研究[J].生态学杂志,6(3):6-13.
104.郑儒永.1998.中国低温毛霉的分类学研究.博士学位论文.中国科学院微生物研究所,1-99.
105.钟文辉,蔡祖聪.2004.土壤微生物多样性研究方法[J].应用生态学报,15(5):899-904.
106.邹莉,李国江,郑国强.2000.水曲柳落叶松纯林与混交林土壤微生物主要生理类群[J].东北林业大学学报,28(2):49-51.
107.庄铁诚,林鹏.1992.红树林凋落叶自然分解与落叶腐解微生物的关系[J]_植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(1):17-24.
108.庄铁诚,林鹏,陈仁华.1998.武夷山不同类型森林土壤真菌、丝状真菌优势菌属的初步研究[J].土壤通报,35(1):119-123.
109.朱斌,王维中,张立新,等.2000.宝华山不同演替群落下的土壤微生物状况[J].南京林业大学学报,24(3):61-64.
110.Adametz L.1886.Untersuchungen uber die niederen pilze der Ackerkrumme[J].Inaug.Diss Leipzig,2:78-80.
111.Alcorn,G.D.,and C.C.Yeager.1938.A monograph of the genus Cunninghamella with additional descriptions of several common species[J].Mycologia 30:653-658.
112.Ames L M,1961.A monograph of the Chaetomiaceae[M].Army research office.1-125
113.Anderson I.C.,Campbell C.D.,Prosser J.I.2003.Diversity of fungi in organic soils under a moorland-Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)gradient[J].Environ Microbiol,5:1121-1132.
114.Arx J Avon,Guarro J,Figueras M J,1986.The ascomycete genus Chaetomium.Beheifte zur Nova.[J]Hedwigia,84:1-162
115.A rx J.A.Von,1971.On A rachniotus and related genena[J].Persoonia,6:371-380.
114.Barron G.L.1961.Studies on species of Helicodendron,Oidiodendron and Stachybotrys from Soil[J]. Can. J. Bot., 39:1563-1571.
116. Barron G. L.1964.A new genus of the Hyphomycetes from soil[J].Mycologia, 56:515-518.
117. Barron G. L., Bhatt G. C.1967. A new species of Gonytrichum from soil[J]. Mycopath. Mycol. App., 32:126-128.
118. Barron GL. 1968. The genera of Hyphomycetes from soil[M]. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins, 1-245.
119. Bertoldi M. D.,1976. New species of Humcola an approach to genetic and biochemical classification [J]. Can. J. Bot., 54:2755-2768.
120. Bertoldi M. D. Lepidi A. A. Nuti M. P. 1972. Classification of the genus Humicola Traaen I. Preliminary reports and investigations[J]. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 46(4):289-304.
121. Batista AC, Silva Maia HD and Cavalcanti W, 1960. Otomicose por Waldemaria poemambucensis n. gen., n. sp. Atas Inst. Micol. {Recife), 1:5-12.
122. Benjamin, C. R., and C. W. Hesseltine. 1957. The genus Actinomucor. Mycologia 49:240-249.
123. Beyma TK, van FH, 1942. Beschreibung einiger neuer Pilzarten aus dem Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn(Netherland). VII. Antonic van Leeuwenhoek Journal Microbioogy Scroll, 8: 105-122.
124. Bisby G. R.1945. Stachybotrys. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 26:133-143.
125. Bryce K., Jane E. S.,John N., Nancy S. W..1994.A study of morphological variability, characters analysis, and taxonomic significance in the zygomycetous anamorph-genus Umbelopsis. Vol.1:15-26.
126. Cannon P.F.,Hawksworth D.L.1982. Are-evaluation of Melanospora Corda and similar Pyrenomycetes, with a revision of the British species. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 84: 115-160.
127. Carmichael J W, Kendrick W B, Conners L, Singler L. Genera of Hyphomycetes.Edmonton: The University of Alberta Press[M]. 1980.1-386.
128. Castellani A, 1937. A preliminary report on two pathogenic fungi: Trichophyton Dankaliense n. sp.; Sporotrichum Anglicum n. sp.. Jour. Trop. Med. Hyg., 40: 313-318.
129. Chesters C GC.1940.A method of isolating soil fungi[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 22:352-355.
130. Chesters C GC. Acontributionto the studyoffungi inthe soil[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1948 ,30:100-117.
131. Christensen M. 1981. The fungal community, its organization and role in the ecosystem. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1-25.
132. Chen Lingzhi, Bao Xiancheng et al. 1964. Some structural characteristics of main plant communities in different vertical zones on the Northern slope of the Changbai Mountain in Jilin province[J]. Actaphytoecologica et Geobotanica sinica 2(2): 207-225.
133. Currah RS, 1985.Taxonomy of the Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae, Gymnoascaceae, Myxotrichaceae and Onygenaceae[J]. Mycotaxon, 24: 1-216.
134. Dobranic J.K., Zak J.C. 1999. A micro titer plate procedure for evaluating fungal functional diversity. Mycologia, 91:756-765.
135. Domsch K.H., Gams W., Anderson T.H. 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi[M]. London: Academic Press, 1-859.
136. Ellis M.B. 1965. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes[J]. Mycological Papers. No. 103: 1-30.
137. Garcia D, Stchigel A.M., Guarro J. 2004. Two new species of Sphaerodes from Spanish soils[J]. Studies in Mycology, 50: 63-68.
138. Getherine C.A., Wolf J.E., Theimer T.C. 2002. Terrestrial vertebrates promote arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and inoculums potential in rain forest soil. Ecol Let, 5: 540-548.
139. Ghosh GR, Orr GF and Kuehn HH, 1963. A new genus of the Gymnoascaceae with a rudimentary peridium[J]. Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata, 21: 36-44.
140. Gilman. 1950. A mannual of soil fungi[M].The iowa state collegae press.1:392.
141. HAO Zhan-qin,YU De-yong, YE Ji, JIANG Ping. 2002. The estimation of species richness at different altitudes on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 13(3): 191-195.
142. Hawksworth D.L. 1991. The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance and conservation. Mycological Research, 95: 641-655.
143. Hawksworth D.L. 2001. The magnitude of fungal diversity: The 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycol Res, 105: 1422-1432.
144. Hawksworth D.L, Rossman A.Y. 1997. Where are all the undescribed fungi? Phytopathology, 87: 888-891.
145. Hawksworth D.L., Udagawa S. 1977. Contributions to a monograph of Microthecium. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 18: 143-154.
146. Hesseltine C.W., Benjamin C.R., Mehrotra B.S. 1959. The genus Zygorhynchus[J]. Mycologia, Vol.51:173-194.
147. Hin-Yuen Yip.1986. Two new species of Umbelopsis from soil in Australia[J]. Mycol. Soc., 87(2): 243-248.
148. Hughes S. J. 1952. Trichocaldium Harz[J]. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 35:152-157.
149. Jong S. C, Davis E. E.1976. Contribution to the knowledge of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella in culture[J]. Mycotaxon, 3:409-485.
150. Jonsson L., Dahlberg A., Nilsson M.C., Zackrisson O. and Kr(?)n O. 1999. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in late-successional Swedish boreal forests, and their composition following wildfire[J]. Molecular Ecology , 8: 205-215.
151. Jalaluddin M 1969 Microorganic colonization of forest soil after burning. Plant and Soil 30, 150-152.
152. Jurnpponen A. 2003. Soil fungal community assembly in a primary successional glacier forefront ecosystem as inferred from rDNA sequence analysis[J]. New phytol, 58: 569-578.
153. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW and DavidJ C. 2001. Ainsworth and bisby's dictionary of the fungi 9thed. [M].UK: Biddies Ltd. 1-700.
154. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW and Stalpers JA, 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi[M]. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK, pp.771.
155. Klich M.A., Pitt J.I. 1994. A laboratory guide to common Aspergillus species and their teleomorphs[J]. Australia:CSIRO, Division of Food Processing, 1-116.
156. Klamer, M., Roberts, M.S., Levine, L.H., Drake, B.G., Garland, J.L., 2002. Influence of levated CO2 on the fungal community in a coastal scruboak forest soil investigated using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Applied and Environmental[J]. Microbiology,68: 4370-4376.
157. Kubicek C.P., Harman G.E. 1998. Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology[J], Taxonomy and Genetics. London : Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1 -34.
158. Kuehn HH, 1957. Observations on Gymnoascaceae V, developmental morphology of two species representing a new genus of the Gymnoascaceae[J]. Mycologia, 49: 694-706.
159. Kuehn HH and Orr GF, 1959. Observation on Gymnoascaceae VI, a new species of Arachnitus[J]. Mycologia, 51: 864-870.
160. Mathur PN, 1970. Studies on some Pseudoarachniotus species from India[J]. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata, 40: 97-105.
161. Manka M., Fruzynska J.D. 1996. Biocontrol of greenhouse carnation Fusarium wilt with saprophytic forest soil fungi. Folia Horticulturae, 8(1): 93-105.
162. Matha V., Jegorov A., Weiser J. 1992. The mosquitocidal activity of conidia of Tolypocladium tundrense and Tolypocladium terricola. Cytobios, 69(278-279): 163-170.
163. Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M]. Croom Helm, London: 1-179.
164. May R.M.1975. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. In: M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond, Editors, Ecology and evolution of communities, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 81-120.
165. Meyer W., Gams W.2003. Delimitation of Umbelopsis (Mucorales, Umbelopsidaceae fam. nov.) based on ITS sequence and RFLP data.[J]. Mycological Research, 107(3): 339-350.
166. Mil'ko,A.A. 1970.Genus Absidia van Tieghem (Mucorales) [J].Nov.Syst.Plant. non Vascul. 7:121-138.
167. Nag Raj T.R. 1993. Coelomycetous Anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia[J]. Canada: Mycologue Publication, 623-671.
168. Petch T. 1938. British Hypocreales. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 21: 243-305.
169. Pitt J.I. 1988. A Laboratory guide to common Penicillium species. Australia:CSIRO, Division of Food Processing, 1-187.
170. Oades J.M., TisdallJ.M. 1979. Stabilization of soil aggregates by the root systems of ryegrass[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17:429-441.
171. Oudemans C A J A , Koning C J. 1902.Prodome d' une flore mycologique obtenue par la culture sur g(?)latine pr(?)par(?)e de la terrehumeuse du spanderswoud , pres de Bussum [ J ] . Archives Ne erlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Ⅱ, 7 :266-298.
172. Orr GF, Ghosh GR and Roy K, 1977. The genera Gymnascella, Arachniotus and Pseudoarachniotus. Mycologia, 69: 126-163.
173. Peck CH, 1885. New literature[J]. Journal Mycologia, 1: 56-58.
174. Pedro W. C, Alan J.L., Michael J. W.1992. Effects of cultural conditions on vesicle and conidium morphology in species of Cylindrocladium and Cylindroclaiella[3].Mycologia, 84(4): 497-504.
175. Peerally A.. 1991.The classification and phytopatholoyg of cylindwcladium species[J]. Myxotaxon, Ⅺ: 323-366.
176. Ranjard L., Lejon D.P., Mougel C., et al. 2003. Sampling strategy in molecular ecology: Influence of soil sample size on DNA fingerprinting analysis of fungal and bacteria communities. Environ Microbiol, 5: 1111-1120.
177. Samson R. A. & Frisvad J. C. 1991. Current taxonomic concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus, in Cereal Grain, Mycotoxins, Fungi and Quality in Drying and Storage[J], Elsevier Amsterdam, 39-405.
178. Samson R. A.. 1993. Taxonomy-current concepts of Aspergillus systematics[J], in Biotechnology Handbooks, Vol. 7. Aspergillus, Plenum Press, New York, London, 1-22.
179. Sissett J. 1983. Notes on Tolypocladium and related genera[J]. Can. J. Bot., 61: 1311-1329.
180. Simmons E. G. 1967. Typifation of Alternaria, Stemphylium and Ulocladium[J]. Mycologia, 59:67-92.
181. Song Fu-qiang, Tian Xing-Jun, LI Zhong-Qi, et al.2004. Diversity of filamentous fungi in organic layers of two forests in Zijin Mountain[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 15(4): 273-279.
182. Sobek E.A., Zak J.C. 2003. The soil fungi Log procedure: Method and analytical approaches toward understanding fungal functional diversity. Mycologia, 95: 590-602.
183. Sun Guang-Yu, TAN You-Jiu, ZHANG Rong.2004. The family chaetomiaceae from china I .Species of the genus chaetomium[J]. Mycosystema, 23(3): 333-337
184. Sun Guang-Yu, Tan You-Jiu, Zhang Rong. The family Chaetomiaceae from China Ⅲ. Species of Chaetomium and Thielavia[J]. Mycosystem, 24(3): 318-321.
185. Sutton Brian C. 1980. The Coelomycetes[M]. England: C. M. I, 251-269.
186. Stevens C., Palmer M. A., Tang A. Y., et al. 1990. Use of aminopeptidase substrate apecificities to identify species of Cylindrocladium in Wisconsin Nurseries[J]. Mycologia, 82(4): 436-443.
187. Unagawa S, Awao T.1984. A new Myrothecium from Japan.Arhizonic acid Producer[J]. Mycotaxon ⅩⅩ(2):381-387.
188. Van Elsas J D, Garbeva P, Salles J.2002. Effects of agronomical measures on the microbial diversity of soill as related to the soil suppression of soil-born plant pathogens[J]. Biodegradtion, 13: 29-40.
189. Viaud M., Pasquier A., Brygoo Y. 2000. Investigation of the influence of prescribed burning on ITS profiles of ectomycorrhizal and other soil fungi at three Australian sclerophyll forest sites [J]. Mycological Research, 106 (5): 532-540.
190. Visser Suzanne. 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in jack pine stands following wildfire[J]. New Phytologist, 129: 389-401.
191. Von Arx J.A.1981. The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture[J]. Vaduz: Cramer J., 141-156.
192. Warcup, J.H. 1959. Studies on Basidiomycetes in soil[J]. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc, 42: 45-52.
193. Watanabe, T. 1994. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species[J]. London: CRC press, 1-411.
194. Thirumalachar MJ and Mathur PM, 1965. Narasimhela, a new genus of the Gymnoascace[J]. Sydowia, 19: 184-186.
195. Takahashi R. 1919. On some subaquatic Aphididae with description of one new genus and species. Insect World. Gifu ⅩⅩⅢ:439-442.
196. Wang Y. Z, Guo F, Zhou Y.G.. 2002. Survey of Acremonium species from China with three new records[J]. Mycosystema, 21(2): 192-195.
197. Wang Q. K. , Wang S. L.. 2006. Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils: effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 17(3): 197-200.
198. Wang Zhan, Xu Zhenbang et al. 1980. Main forest types and characteristics of community structure on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain (1) [C]. In: Forest Ecosystem Research (1). Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 25-42.
199. Warcup J.H. 1959. Studies on Basidiomycetes in soil. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 42: 45-52.
200. Watanabe T., Watanabe Y, et al.2001. Notes on two Umbelopsis species: U. nana and U. vinacea from Japan[J].Mycoscience, 42: 235-237.
201. Watanabe T. Nakanura K.2004.Cylindrocladium species and the related fungi isolated in the Ogasawara Islands and the Ryukyu Islans, Japan[J]. Mycoscience, 45: 351-356.
202. Whittake R. H.1957a. Recent evolution of ecological concepts in relation to the eastern forests of North [J]. America. Am. J. Bot. 44: 197-206.
203. Widden P. 1987. Fungal communities in soils along an elevation gradient in northern England[J]. Mycologia, 79:298-309.
204. Zuch R.K.1946.Isolations intermediate between Stachybotrys and Memoniella [J]. Mycologia, 38:69-76.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |