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冲压焊接离心泵叶轮设计方法和成型工艺的研究
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摘要
20世纪70年代以来,在泵的制造中开始采用冲压焊接成型技术。与铸造离心泵相比,冲压焊接离心泵具有多方面的突出优点,是中小型离心泵的理想替代产品。冲压焊接离心泵作为一种新产品,近十年来在国际上有了很大的发展,国内在此方面也做了不少的研究,并取得了许多成果。但与国外相比,国内对冲压焊接离心泵的研究起步较晚,水力设计及制造工艺方面还有待于进一步研究。本文正是基于此种现状,对不锈钢冲压焊接离心泵设计方法进行了研究,并对叶轮的制造工艺进行了一些新的尝试。主要研究内容如下:
     1.在前人研究的基础上,从不锈钢冲压焊接离心泵自身的特点出发,对参数为:流量Q=50m~3/h、扬程H=50m、转速n=2900r/min、比转速n_s=66的冲压焊接离心泵进行了设计,给出了该泵叶轮设计的中间过程和模型图,并确定出同时满足水力性能和制造工艺要求的叶轮结构。
     2.利用Fluent软件对设计出的叶轮进行数值模拟,得出模拟结果,如压力分布图、速度分布图等,并在流场计算的基础上进行了泵扬程和水力效率的预测,然后将模拟结果与实验结果对比,以检验叶轮设计方法及叶轮结构的合理性。
     3.根据叶轮零件图上的要求,编制叶轮前盖板、叶片、后盖板的冲压工艺,并对工艺过程中出现的问题进行分析和解决。
     4.鉴于当前叶轮焊接方法存在一些不足,本研究采用激光焊对叶轮进行焊接,制定了叶轮的激光焊接工艺,包括激光焊接设备的选择、焊接工艺参数的确定等,并对激光焊接后的叶轮进行金相试验,以检验焊接情况及微观结构组织。
     通过本文的研究,为冲压焊接离心泵的设计及制造工艺提供了有益参考。
Since the 1970s, stamping and welding technologies have been used in the manufacture process of the pumps. Compared with the mold centrifugal pump, the stamped-welded pump has many advantages; and it is the substitute of the small and medium-sized centrifugal pump. As a new product, this kind of pump has progressed greatly overseas in the last decades, and a lot of researches have also been done in our country, many achievements have been obtained. But further researches on the design and molding methods of the pump still need to be done. Based on the status, the study on the design methods on stamped-welded centrifugal pump was done, and some new methods on the manufacture technology of impeller were attempted. The main work is outlined hereinafter:
     1.Based on the former research, and starting with the characteristics of stamped-welded centrifugal pump, a pump was designed with the main parameters: Q=50m~3/h, H=50m, n=2900r/min, n_s=66, the design process and the hydraulic model of the impeller were given, and the reasonable impeller structure which can meet the demands of hydrodynamic performance and molding technologies synchronously was determined.
     2.The inner flow of impeller was simulated using the software FLUENT, and some results such as the distribution of pressure and velocity were obtained. Compared with the experiment results, the rationality of the impeller design methods and its structure is demonstrated. And the head and hydraulic efficiency of the pump were forecasted on the basis of those simulation results.
     3.According to the demands of the component drawings, the stamping technology of the impeller including shroud, vans and hub was established, and some problems appearing during the manufacture process were analyzed and solved.
     4.Whereas the disadvantages of the current welding methods, laser weld was adopted to joint parts of the impeller, the laser weld technology of the impeller was established, which includes choosing the welding equipment and fixing on welding parameters, and the metallographic tests for impeller welded was made to exam the microcosmic structure of welding.
     This research can offer some helpful references for the design methods and manufacture of the centrifugal pump.
引文
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