辣椒3414施肥模型的初探
摘要
以辣椒(热辣1号)作为研究对象,采用3414试验设计,研究花岗岩砖红壤上辣椒的施肥模型,以及氮磷钾肥料的利用率。研究结果表明：
(1)辣椒3414试验产量多重比较结果显示,14个处理产量差异极显著。6号处理产量最大,达到12.1 t·hm-2。1号处理的产量为最小产量,为1.4 t·hm-2。
(2)试验产量与肥料关系经过三元二次方程拟合,方程的F值达到极显著,方程为y=1243.057+17.806x1+29.04x2+28.962x3-0.078x12-0.623x22-0.056x32+ 0.24x1x2+0.09x2x3+0.017x1x3。根据此方程规划求解之后,得到氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为339.86.118.03.405.02 kg·hm-2。交互作用大小次序为NP>PK>NK,且都为正向效应。说明在交互作用中,氮、磷起主要作用,其次为磷与钾和氮与钾。
(3)通过对辣椒氮磷钾单因素、双因素互作、三因素互作分析发现,氮磷钾之间的互作效应很明显。每公顷施氮量从114.141 kg到213.177 kg再到339.86 kg,施磷量从23.312 kg到44.578-64.374 kg再到118.03 kg,施钾量从258.589 kg到294.411 kg再到405.02 kg,交互作用随着施肥量而逐渐变大。
(4)采用一元模型拟合肥料效应时,以处理2、3、6、11拟合N肥效应；以处理4、5、6、7拟合P肥效应；以处理6、8、9、10拟合K肥效应；线性加平台和平方根方程的F值大于0.05,没有达到显著水平,不能根据这两个方程计算推荐施肥量。；拟合成功的方程为一元二次方程。
(5)维生素C与辣椒产量之间的关系为极显著相关。维生素C最大含量为处理6,这与辣椒最大产量也为处理6相同。所以,维生素C的最大施肥量可以根据辣椒重量的最大施肥量来确定。维生素C的氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为345.0、113.850、414kg·hm-2。
(6)将三元二次方程和一元方程的进行比较,根据方程的Pr＞F值判断得出,只有三元二次方程和一元二次方程可以计算推荐施肥量。最后,氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为332.35～339.86、117.84～118.03、396.77～405.02 kg·hm-2。这时辣椒产量在11.85-12.08 t·hm-2。
考虑到辣椒品质指标——维生素C在达到最高含量时,氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为345.0～113.850～414 kg.hm-2,以及在肥料利用率中处理6的肥料利用率最高,调整后的氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为332.35-345.00、113.85-118.03、396.77-414.00kg·hm-2。
综合考虑三元二次方程和一元方程的施肥效益,氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥量确定为311.78～332.35、108.35～117.84、371.73～396.77 kg·hm-2。此时,施肥效益在3.56-4.13万元·hm-2。
(7)将试验14个处理的氮磷钾养分利用率进行多重比较分析发现,各处理组合肥料利用率高低排列次序中,6号处理组合为最高值。N、P、K的肥料利用率分别为33.23%、13.97%、42.81%。
(8)在验证试验中,地块1的推荐施肥量与常规施肥量的产量差异极显著,增产率为15.39%。地块2的推荐施肥与常规施肥之间差异不显著,原因可能是地块2中有1个重复与其他2个之间产量差距很大,减弱了推荐施肥与常规施肥产量之间的差异。地块2上增产率为20%。地块3的3个处理相互间差异显著。地块3增产率为17.31%。
This paper studied the effects of different fertilizer models on simulation for the '3414'fertilizer experiments in 2009～2010, which the Capsicum cultivated by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that.
(1) Through use of different weights of nitrogen, the results showed that there was a significant difference at the 0.05 or 0.01 probability levels in the yield between the treatments. And the average yield of treatment 6, reached a maximum of 12.1 t·hm-2. The average yield of treatment 1, reached a minimum of 1.4 t·hm-2.
(2) The fertilizer consumption and production as a test factor, the equations for the three-factors obtained by fitting the equation y= 1243.057+17.806x1+29.047x2+ 28.962x3-0.078x12-0.623x22-0.056x32+0.24x1x2+0.09x2x3+0.017x1x3, this equation F<0.0001, the effect was extremely significant. According to this equation Solver, the received the largest NPK fertilizer were 339.86,118.03,405.02 kg·hm-2.we found that the order of the interaction of fertilizer NP> PK> NK, and all for the positive effect. These show that the interaction of NP play a major role, followed by PK, and finally for the NK.
(3) The analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium single factor, two-factor interaction, and the interaction of three factors, the results show that the interaction between NPK effects is obvious, nitrogen fertilizer from 114.141 to 213.177, and then to 339.86 kg·hm-2, phosphate Fertilizer from 23.312 to 44.578～64.374, and then to 118.03 kg·hm-2, potash fertilizer from 258.589 to 294.411, and then to 405.02 kg·hm-2.
(4) Using one-factor when the fertilizer model was fitted to treatments 2,3,6,11 to N fertilizer fitting, to treatments 4,5,6,7 fit for P fertilizer effect, to treatments 6,8,9,10 to K Fertilizer fitting. Linear plus plateau and Square root were Pr>F values are not reached significant levels, they were not calculated the recommended fertilizer.
(5) Vitamin C and pepper weight relationship between the significant correlations. Maximum content of vitamin C was treatment 6, which is the maximum weight of pepper production process the same was treatment 6. Therefore, vitamin C, the maximum weight of fertilizer can determine the maximum amount of fertilizer. Vitamin C, the largest NPK fertilizer were 345.0 kg·hm-2,113.850 kg·hm-2,414 kg·hm-2.
(6) three-factors and three of one-factor of the equation on the comparison, according to equation Pr＜F value judgments come, only three-factors and one-factor can calculate the fertilizer recommendation. Finally, the largest NPK fertilizer were 332.35～339.86,117.84 ～118.03,396.77～405.02 kg·hm-2. Then pepper production in the 11.85～12.08 t·hm-2.
Taking into account the quality of vitamin C, NPK largest fertilizer were 345.0, 113.850,414 kg·hm-2, and treatment 6 in the fertilizer use efficiency in the handling of fertilizer usage. The adjusted maximum of NPK fertilizer were 332.35～345.00 kg·hm-2, 113.85～118.03 kg·hm-2,396.77～414.00 kg·hm-2.
Three-factors and three of one-factor compare the effectiveness of fertilizer, NPK fertilizer best defined as 311.78～332.35 kg·hm-2,108.35～117.84 kg·hm-2,371.73 396.77 kg·hm-2, and economic benefits in 35610～41310 Yuan·hm-2.
(7) The analysis of NPK nutrient utilization for multiple comparisons, the high and low fertilizer use efficiency of each treatment arranged in order, the highest value was treatment 6. N, P, K fertilizer use efficiency were 33.23%,13.97%,42.81%.
(4) In the verification test, the block 1, the recommended fertilizer application rates and conventional difference between the yield significantly, an increase of 15.39%. Block 2, and conventional fertilizer recommendation was no significant difference between fertilization, may be due to a block 2 repeat with the other two yield gap between the great weakening of the recommended fertilization and yield differences between conventional fertilization. Block 2 on the increase rate was 20%. Inα= 0.05, the block 3 of 3 treatment significantly different from each other, and block 3 output rate of 17.31%.
(1)辣椒3414试验产量多重比较结果显示,14个处理产量差异极显著。6号处理产量最大,达到12.1 t·hm-2。1号处理的产量为最小产量,为1.4 t·hm-2。
(2)试验产量与肥料关系经过三元二次方程拟合,方程的F值达到极显著,方程为y=1243.057+17.806x1+29.04x2+28.962x3-0.078x12-0.623x22-0.056x32+ 0.24x1x2+0.09x2x3+0.017x1x3。根据此方程规划求解之后,得到氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为339.86.118.03.405.02 kg·hm-2。交互作用大小次序为NP>PK>NK,且都为正向效应。说明在交互作用中,氮、磷起主要作用,其次为磷与钾和氮与钾。
(3)通过对辣椒氮磷钾单因素、双因素互作、三因素互作分析发现,氮磷钾之间的互作效应很明显。每公顷施氮量从114.141 kg到213.177 kg再到339.86 kg,施磷量从23.312 kg到44.578-64.374 kg再到118.03 kg,施钾量从258.589 kg到294.411 kg再到405.02 kg,交互作用随着施肥量而逐渐变大。
(4)采用一元模型拟合肥料效应时,以处理2、3、6、11拟合N肥效应；以处理4、5、6、7拟合P肥效应；以处理6、8、9、10拟合K肥效应；线性加平台和平方根方程的F值大于0.05,没有达到显著水平,不能根据这两个方程计算推荐施肥量。；拟合成功的方程为一元二次方程。
(5)维生素C与辣椒产量之间的关系为极显著相关。维生素C最大含量为处理6,这与辣椒最大产量也为处理6相同。所以,维生素C的最大施肥量可以根据辣椒重量的最大施肥量来确定。维生素C的氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为345.0、113.850、414kg·hm-2。
(6)将三元二次方程和一元方程的进行比较,根据方程的Pr＞F值判断得出,只有三元二次方程和一元二次方程可以计算推荐施肥量。最后,氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为332.35～339.86、117.84～118.03、396.77～405.02 kg·hm-2。这时辣椒产量在11.85-12.08 t·hm-2。
考虑到辣椒品质指标——维生素C在达到最高含量时,氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为345.0～113.850～414 kg.hm-2,以及在肥料利用率中处理6的肥料利用率最高,调整后的氮磷钾最大施肥量分别为332.35-345.00、113.85-118.03、396.77-414.00kg·hm-2。
综合考虑三元二次方程和一元方程的施肥效益,氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥量确定为311.78～332.35、108.35～117.84、371.73～396.77 kg·hm-2。此时,施肥效益在3.56-4.13万元·hm-2。
(7)将试验14个处理的氮磷钾养分利用率进行多重比较分析发现,各处理组合肥料利用率高低排列次序中,6号处理组合为最高值。N、P、K的肥料利用率分别为33.23%、13.97%、42.81%。
(8)在验证试验中,地块1的推荐施肥量与常规施肥量的产量差异极显著,增产率为15.39%。地块2的推荐施肥与常规施肥之间差异不显著,原因可能是地块2中有1个重复与其他2个之间产量差距很大,减弱了推荐施肥与常规施肥产量之间的差异。地块2上增产率为20%。地块3的3个处理相互间差异显著。地块3增产率为17.31%。
This paper studied the effects of different fertilizer models on simulation for the '3414'fertilizer experiments in 2009～2010, which the Capsicum cultivated by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that.
(1) Through use of different weights of nitrogen, the results showed that there was a significant difference at the 0.05 or 0.01 probability levels in the yield between the treatments. And the average yield of treatment 6, reached a maximum of 12.1 t·hm-2. The average yield of treatment 1, reached a minimum of 1.4 t·hm-2.
(2) The fertilizer consumption and production as a test factor, the equations for the three-factors obtained by fitting the equation y= 1243.057+17.806x1+29.047x2+ 28.962x3-0.078x12-0.623x22-0.056x32+0.24x1x2+0.09x2x3+0.017x1x3, this equation F<0.0001, the effect was extremely significant. According to this equation Solver, the received the largest NPK fertilizer were 339.86,118.03,405.02 kg·hm-2.we found that the order of the interaction of fertilizer NP> PK> NK, and all for the positive effect. These show that the interaction of NP play a major role, followed by PK, and finally for the NK.
(3) The analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium single factor, two-factor interaction, and the interaction of three factors, the results show that the interaction between NPK effects is obvious, nitrogen fertilizer from 114.141 to 213.177, and then to 339.86 kg·hm-2, phosphate Fertilizer from 23.312 to 44.578～64.374, and then to 118.03 kg·hm-2, potash fertilizer from 258.589 to 294.411, and then to 405.02 kg·hm-2.
(4) Using one-factor when the fertilizer model was fitted to treatments 2,3,6,11 to N fertilizer fitting, to treatments 4,5,6,7 fit for P fertilizer effect, to treatments 6,8,9,10 to K Fertilizer fitting. Linear plus plateau and Square root were Pr>F values are not reached significant levels, they were not calculated the recommended fertilizer.
(5) Vitamin C and pepper weight relationship between the significant correlations. Maximum content of vitamin C was treatment 6, which is the maximum weight of pepper production process the same was treatment 6. Therefore, vitamin C, the maximum weight of fertilizer can determine the maximum amount of fertilizer. Vitamin C, the largest NPK fertilizer were 345.0 kg·hm-2,113.850 kg·hm-2,414 kg·hm-2.
(6) three-factors and three of one-factor of the equation on the comparison, according to equation Pr＜F value judgments come, only three-factors and one-factor can calculate the fertilizer recommendation. Finally, the largest NPK fertilizer were 332.35～339.86,117.84 ～118.03,396.77～405.02 kg·hm-2. Then pepper production in the 11.85～12.08 t·hm-2.
Taking into account the quality of vitamin C, NPK largest fertilizer were 345.0, 113.850,414 kg·hm-2, and treatment 6 in the fertilizer use efficiency in the handling of fertilizer usage. The adjusted maximum of NPK fertilizer were 332.35～345.00 kg·hm-2, 113.85～118.03 kg·hm-2,396.77～414.00 kg·hm-2.
Three-factors and three of one-factor compare the effectiveness of fertilizer, NPK fertilizer best defined as 311.78～332.35 kg·hm-2,108.35～117.84 kg·hm-2,371.73 396.77 kg·hm-2, and economic benefits in 35610～41310 Yuan·hm-2.
(7) The analysis of NPK nutrient utilization for multiple comparisons, the high and low fertilizer use efficiency of each treatment arranged in order, the highest value was treatment 6. N, P, K fertilizer use efficiency were 33.23%,13.97%,42.81%.
(4) In the verification test, the block 1, the recommended fertilizer application rates and conventional difference between the yield significantly, an increase of 15.39%. Block 2, and conventional fertilizer recommendation was no significant difference between fertilization, may be due to a block 2 repeat with the other two yield gap between the great weakening of the recommended fertilization and yield differences between conventional fertilization. Block 2 on the increase rate was 20%. Inα= 0.05, the block 3 of 3 treatment significantly different from each other, and block 3 output rate of 17.31%.
引文
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