应用叶绿素仪进行棉花氮素营养诊断
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摘要
目的:本研究采用SPAD仪进行棉花氮素营养诊断和氮肥推荐。研究叶位及叶片不同部位的SPAD值,以确定有代表性的诊断部位。研究施肥量、棉花品种对叶绿素仪读数的影响。建立棉花氮素营养诊断追肥模型,并快速推荐不同生育期的追肥量。
方法:通过温室盆栽和大田试验,利用叶绿素仪测定SPAD值,结合植株测试技术,建立棉花氮素营养诊断追肥模型,进行验证,并评价质量及效果。
结论:1.叶片不同部位的SPAD值及不同叶位的叶片含氮量、SPAD值存在明显差异,因此采用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断必须在固定的叶位进行,研究证明棉株倒四叶上部是最佳测试部位。
2.相同的氮肥处理下,新陆早13、新陆早19和新陆早24的SPAD值在全生育期存在相同的的变化趋势,最小值出现在在出苗后65天,出苗后105天达到一个峰值。施氮水平与棉花叶色变化密切相关,SPAD值在各生育期均随着施肥水平的提高而增大。
品种对叶绿素仪读数的影响显著,叶色深绿的新陆早13和新陆早24的SPAD值明显高于叶色淡的品种新陆早19和新陆早23,新陆早13(叶片有绒毛)和新陆早24(叶片有绒毛)的SPAD值间没有显著性差异。
3.叶绿素仪读数与常规方法测得的叶绿素含量、叶片全氮含量、植株全氮含量、吸氮量呈极显著的线性相关关系。SPAD值与施氮量之间呈极显著线性相关,各生育期SPAD值与产量也具有极显著相关性。
在盛蕾期、花期、盛花期和铃期利用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断的临界值分别为60.5,60.0,60.8和59.1。根据不同生育期SPAD值变动一格的施肥量进行施肥指导。验证结果表明从苗期到铃期共进行6次追肥,出苗后75天和出苗后85天是追肥量最大的时期。
新陆早19在盛蕾期、花期、盛花期和铃期利用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断的临界值分别为56.2,48.0,48.5和50.7。
4.采用SPAD进行氮肥推荐,新陆早13和新陆早24比常规氮肥出路减少氮肥用量14.7%和10.27%,而使棉花生长过程中并没有表现出氮素的缺乏,获得了与常规施氮处理相同或更高的产量。
棉花干物质积累速率、叶面积指数和氮素积累速率都能够很好的用Logistic曲线模型进行模拟,相关系数可达到0.8971～0.9990。
Object: This paper was proposed to study using SPAD for cotton plant N nutrition diagnosis.Leves order and leaves position were determined for cotton plant N diagnosis. Study the effects of different nitrogen treatments and cotton varieties on SPAD value. To establish cotton nitrogen diagnosis model based on SPAD value and validate the model.
Methods: Pot and field experiment were conducted to establish a model based on SPAD measurement and cotton plant N–related physiological factors.And established models was validated by field demonstration.
Conclusion:
1. The results showed that leaf nitrogen content and SPAD value varied markedly in different leaf order. Therefore, in order to take reliable data for cotton plant N diagnosis by using SPAD, to select a fixed leaf order is necessary for the measurement. Our research indicated that the reverse 4th leaf from the apex of the main stem and position 2 is the best position for cotton plant.
2. At the same N fertilization treatment, Xinluzao 13、Xinluzao 19 and Xinluzao 24′s SPAD value have the same trend during the whole growth stage. The minimum value appears the day after emergence 65 day, and the peak value appears the day after emergence 105 day. The SPAD value in cotton leaves was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer.
The different of chlorophyll content is notable among varieties. Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao24′s SPAD value was much higher than Xinluzao19, Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao24 had no difference.
3. Significant correlation was found between SPAD and leaf chlorophyll concentration, N concentration in leaf or N absorption per plant. There was a significant linear correlation between the SPAD value and the rate of applied nitrogenous fertilizer. A significant correlation between SPAD value and the cotton yield were found as well.
The threshold SPAD value at budding peak stage, flowering stage, flowering peak stage and bolling stage were 60.5, 60.0, 60.8 and 59.1 respectively. Corresponding to the SPAD value change 1 unit in cotton plant, the quantities of applied nitrogenous fertilizer were assured. The validation results show that from seedling stage to bolling stage, 6 recommended fertilizing were conducted. The maximum fertilizing amounts at the day after emergence 75 day and 85 day.
The threshold SPAD value of Xinluzao19 at the different cotton growth stages were56.2, 48.0, 48.5 and 50.7.
4. In Xinluzao 13 and Xinluzao 24 ,optimized N treatment based on N diagnosis model reduce N application rate at 14.7% and 10.27%.During the vegetative growing period of cotton, without N deficiency symptom. At the same time, optimized N fertilization rate harvested higher yield or the highest yield than the Mid.N treatment.
Plant dry matter, LAI and N uptake of cotton could be modeled by Logistic model, with high correlative coefficient.(r=0.8971～0.9990)
方法:通过温室盆栽和大田试验,利用叶绿素仪测定SPAD值,结合植株测试技术,建立棉花氮素营养诊断追肥模型,进行验证,并评价质量及效果。
结论:1.叶片不同部位的SPAD值及不同叶位的叶片含氮量、SPAD值存在明显差异,因此采用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断必须在固定的叶位进行,研究证明棉株倒四叶上部是最佳测试部位。
2.相同的氮肥处理下,新陆早13、新陆早19和新陆早24的SPAD值在全生育期存在相同的的变化趋势,最小值出现在在出苗后65天,出苗后105天达到一个峰值。施氮水平与棉花叶色变化密切相关,SPAD值在各生育期均随着施肥水平的提高而增大。
品种对叶绿素仪读数的影响显著,叶色深绿的新陆早13和新陆早24的SPAD值明显高于叶色淡的品种新陆早19和新陆早23,新陆早13(叶片有绒毛)和新陆早24(叶片有绒毛)的SPAD值间没有显著性差异。
3.叶绿素仪读数与常规方法测得的叶绿素含量、叶片全氮含量、植株全氮含量、吸氮量呈极显著的线性相关关系。SPAD值与施氮量之间呈极显著线性相关,各生育期SPAD值与产量也具有极显著相关性。
在盛蕾期、花期、盛花期和铃期利用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断的临界值分别为60.5,60.0,60.8和59.1。根据不同生育期SPAD值变动一格的施肥量进行施肥指导。验证结果表明从苗期到铃期共进行6次追肥,出苗后75天和出苗后85天是追肥量最大的时期。
新陆早19在盛蕾期、花期、盛花期和铃期利用SPAD进行棉花氮素营养诊断的临界值分别为56.2,48.0,48.5和50.7。
4.采用SPAD进行氮肥推荐,新陆早13和新陆早24比常规氮肥出路减少氮肥用量14.7%和10.27%,而使棉花生长过程中并没有表现出氮素的缺乏,获得了与常规施氮处理相同或更高的产量。
棉花干物质积累速率、叶面积指数和氮素积累速率都能够很好的用Logistic曲线模型进行模拟,相关系数可达到0.8971～0.9990。
Object: This paper was proposed to study using SPAD for cotton plant N nutrition diagnosis.Leves order and leaves position were determined for cotton plant N diagnosis. Study the effects of different nitrogen treatments and cotton varieties on SPAD value. To establish cotton nitrogen diagnosis model based on SPAD value and validate the model.
Methods: Pot and field experiment were conducted to establish a model based on SPAD measurement and cotton plant N–related physiological factors.And established models was validated by field demonstration.
Conclusion:
1. The results showed that leaf nitrogen content and SPAD value varied markedly in different leaf order. Therefore, in order to take reliable data for cotton plant N diagnosis by using SPAD, to select a fixed leaf order is necessary for the measurement. Our research indicated that the reverse 4th leaf from the apex of the main stem and position 2 is the best position for cotton plant.
2. At the same N fertilization treatment, Xinluzao 13、Xinluzao 19 and Xinluzao 24′s SPAD value have the same trend during the whole growth stage. The minimum value appears the day after emergence 65 day, and the peak value appears the day after emergence 105 day. The SPAD value in cotton leaves was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer.
The different of chlorophyll content is notable among varieties. Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao24′s SPAD value was much higher than Xinluzao19, Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao24 had no difference.
3. Significant correlation was found between SPAD and leaf chlorophyll concentration, N concentration in leaf or N absorption per plant. There was a significant linear correlation between the SPAD value and the rate of applied nitrogenous fertilizer. A significant correlation between SPAD value and the cotton yield were found as well.
The threshold SPAD value at budding peak stage, flowering stage, flowering peak stage and bolling stage were 60.5, 60.0, 60.8 and 59.1 respectively. Corresponding to the SPAD value change 1 unit in cotton plant, the quantities of applied nitrogenous fertilizer were assured. The validation results show that from seedling stage to bolling stage, 6 recommended fertilizing were conducted. The maximum fertilizing amounts at the day after emergence 75 day and 85 day.
The threshold SPAD value of Xinluzao19 at the different cotton growth stages were56.2, 48.0, 48.5 and 50.7.
4. In Xinluzao 13 and Xinluzao 24 ,optimized N treatment based on N diagnosis model reduce N application rate at 14.7% and 10.27%.During the vegetative growing period of cotton, without N deficiency symptom. At the same time, optimized N fertilization rate harvested higher yield or the highest yield than the Mid.N treatment.
Plant dry matter, LAI and N uptake of cotton could be modeled by Logistic model, with high correlative coefficient.(r=0.8971～0.9990)
引文
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