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WS-1型乳化油的研制
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摘要
本文研制出了两种新型的矿用乳化油配方。这两种乳化油主要应用于煤矿中的液压支架,通过由它们所配制的乳化液在由一定结构的管路和控制元件组成的系统中流动,来实现能量的传递和转换。在试验中本文采用了来源广泛且价格便宜的石油磺酸钠、重烷磺酸钠和松香作为主要乳化剂,从而使得最终所获得的乳化油配方在不降低主要使用性能的条件下,降低了生产成本,因而具有一定的经济和社会效益。
     在试验中,本文利用均匀设计法和正交设计法对乳化油的配方进行了优选;并对最优的两种乳化油及由它们所配制的乳化液进行了各种性能测试。试验表明在以松香、重烷磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠为主要乳化剂时,要获得优良的乳化液,需满足以下几个条件:(1)需在乳化油配方中加入适量的乳化剂,且其中阴离子乳化剂总量与非离子乳化剂总量的应保持适当的比例;(2)乳化油中环烷酸锌的量与其它乳化剂总量要保持正比关系;(3)乳化油中松香的量不易过大,且油酸的加入量应与松香量成正比(起到助溶作用);(4)乳化油中水分含量不易过高(一般不能大于8%),过高时稳定性不好,易分层。另外,配方中若使用重烷磺酸钠作乳化剂的用量要比用石油磺酸钠的大一些(原因可能是重烷磺酸钠中有效成分含量少)。
     最终所获两种乳化油配方的自乳化性、粘度、粘温性能、闪点、凝固点等主要使用性能良好。由它们所配制的乳化液的稳定性、耐腐蚀等主要性能也良好。
Two kinds of emulsified oil used in hydraulic support of colliery are developed. Energy is transferred and converted during the flowing of emulsified fluid,which is produced by adding emulsified oil to water. The far-flung and low-cost sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate,petroleum sulfonate and rosin are used as main emulsifier. Thus the cost of emulsified oil is cut down without decreased its main properties.
    Qrthogonal design method and even design method are used to select formulae of emulsified oil. The properties of emulsified oil and emulsified fluid are tested. The results show that four conditions should meet the requirement of the stable emulsified fluid when sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate,petroleum sulfonate and rosin are used as main emulsifier. First,the content of surfactant should be more than 18 percent and the content of anion surfactant should be kept in proper proportion to the content of nonionic surfactant. Second,the content of zinc naphthenate should be kept in directly proportional to the content of other surfactant. Third,the content of rosin shouldn't too higher and the content of oleic acid should be kept in directly proportional to the content of rosin. Fourth,the content of water should be kept in a low level (less than 8%);otherwise emulsifier oil will delaminate. In addition,the requisite content of sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate is higher than petroleum sulfonate. (It is
    probably because the effective component of sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate is less than petroleum sulfonate.)
    The new emulsified oil has favorable properties of viscosity,viscosity-temperature characteristic,flash point,freezing point and cost price. The emulsified fluid,which is produced by adding new emulsified oil to water,also has favorable properties of stability and rust-resistant.
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