CFB锅炉混烧高硫石油焦脱硫灰渣综合利用研究
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摘要
金陵热电厂的脱硫灰外观类似水泥,颜色介于浅灰到灰黑色之间,粒度较粗,常量化学成分以CaO含量高为特征,从总体上看属于高钙灰。而其矿物相不是十分复杂,仅含有α-石英、石膏、方解石、石灰石、三氧化二铁以及粘土等低温矿物,没有莫来石、β-石英等高温矿物,说明金陵热电厂锅炉的燃烧温度较低。利用扫描电镜对金陵热电厂的脱硫灰进行观察研究,发现该电厂的脱硫灰多是片状颗粒,未燃尽碳较多,很少见珠状颗粒。同时也对该电厂脱硫灰的放射性、有毒有害元素含量以及BaP的含量进行了测定,研究发现其含量多在国家标准允许的范围内。另外对该电厂粉煤灰进行了浸出试验研究,结果表明其浸出液中的有毒有害元素含量多在国标允许的范围内,也就是说金陵热电厂的脱硫灰只是一种普通的固体废弃物,而不是有害废弃物。另外对影响脱硫灰强度的因素进行了研究,发现SiO2和Al2O3组分的含量与脱硫灰强度呈正相关关系,但CaO组分的含量与脱硫灰的强度呈负相关性,脱硫灰的强度随着脱硫灰比表面积的增大而增大,而脱硫灰的强度随粒度的增加而逐渐减小。
粉煤灰应用于建材中是其主要的应用方面,从经济角度考虑本文做了脱硫灰取代水泥的砂浆试验。通过实验发现该电厂的脱硫灰可以取代部分水泥作低等级砂浆的掺合料,即该电厂的所有脱硫灰在取代水泥率为30%或更高时都可以作M2.5砂浆的掺合料,而该电厂二、三电场的脱硫灰在取代水泥率为10%时,四电场的脱硫灰在取代水泥率为20%时,可以作M5砂浆的掺合料。
由于粉煤灰在燃烧以后,表面疏松多孔,比表面积很大,有一定的吸附性能,同时粉煤灰中还含有一定量的未燃尽碳,其作用相当于平时用作吸附剂的活性碳,这也使粉煤灰具有很强的吸附性,所以本文设计了粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液的实验。通过实验,发现COD去除率较高,取得了较好的效果。研究发现当灰水比为1:10、pH<4以及硫酸铝的加入量为0.2g/l时,处理效果最佳;当合用混凝剂(2.0%的Al2(SO4)3溶液)与粉煤灰共同处理渗沥液时,先加入少量混凝剂做预处理,然后再加入粉煤灰进行处理的效果最好。
A series of fundamental and practical experiment were carried out in order to deal with the desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant and enlarge the areas of utilization of fly ash. With particles being coarse and the color similar to Portland cement, the flyash drained off by this plant has the major chemical compositions being characteristic with high contents of CaO. As a result, the flyash belongs to high calcium flyash. Fundamental knowledge of the fly ash is achieved by carrying out XRD, SEM and XRF experiments. The crystalline phases of the dusulfuration are made of minerals of low temperature such asα-SiO2, plaster, calcite limestone and clay, without the minerals of high temperature. It is safe to use the desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant on architectural materials and agriculture because the contents of the harmful and poisonous elements and BaP are low. The strength of desulfuration flyash is in proportion to the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and the specific surface, but in inverse proportion to the contents of CaO, the particle diameter.
It is the most popular to use the flyash as the materials mixed in the mortar. The experiment of partial substitution desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant for cement mortar was conducted. The results show that the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M2.5 cement mortar when the contents of the dusulfurration flyash are less than 30%. And the contents of the dusulfurration flyash of the second and the third fields are less than 10%, the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M5 cement mortar. While the contents of the dusulfurration flyash of the fourth fields is less than 20%, the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M5 cement mortar.
Because of the loose, large specific surface and having more remainders of unburnt coal, the flyash can be used as sorbent to dealing with the penetrating fluid. A series of tests are carried out to investigate the role, effect and mechanism of flyash in the process of treating penetrating fluid. The results suggest that the ratio of fly ash to water should be 1:10, the acidity of the leachate should be controlled within pH<4 and the amount of Al2(SO4)3 shoud be 0.2g/l in order to achieve the optimum effect. And it is better to add Al2(SO4)3 first, then add the flyash to treat the penetrating fluid.
粉煤灰应用于建材中是其主要的应用方面,从经济角度考虑本文做了脱硫灰取代水泥的砂浆试验。通过实验发现该电厂的脱硫灰可以取代部分水泥作低等级砂浆的掺合料,即该电厂的所有脱硫灰在取代水泥率为30%或更高时都可以作M2.5砂浆的掺合料,而该电厂二、三电场的脱硫灰在取代水泥率为10%时,四电场的脱硫灰在取代水泥率为20%时,可以作M5砂浆的掺合料。
由于粉煤灰在燃烧以后,表面疏松多孔,比表面积很大,有一定的吸附性能,同时粉煤灰中还含有一定量的未燃尽碳,其作用相当于平时用作吸附剂的活性碳,这也使粉煤灰具有很强的吸附性,所以本文设计了粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液的实验。通过实验,发现COD去除率较高,取得了较好的效果。研究发现当灰水比为1:10、pH<4以及硫酸铝的加入量为0.2g/l时,处理效果最佳;当合用混凝剂(2.0%的Al2(SO4)3溶液)与粉煤灰共同处理渗沥液时,先加入少量混凝剂做预处理,然后再加入粉煤灰进行处理的效果最好。
A series of fundamental and practical experiment were carried out in order to deal with the desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant and enlarge the areas of utilization of fly ash. With particles being coarse and the color similar to Portland cement, the flyash drained off by this plant has the major chemical compositions being characteristic with high contents of CaO. As a result, the flyash belongs to high calcium flyash. Fundamental knowledge of the fly ash is achieved by carrying out XRD, SEM and XRF experiments. The crystalline phases of the dusulfuration are made of minerals of low temperature such asα-SiO2, plaster, calcite limestone and clay, without the minerals of high temperature. It is safe to use the desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant on architectural materials and agriculture because the contents of the harmful and poisonous elements and BaP are low. The strength of desulfuration flyash is in proportion to the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and the specific surface, but in inverse proportion to the contents of CaO, the particle diameter.
It is the most popular to use the flyash as the materials mixed in the mortar. The experiment of partial substitution desulfuration flyash of Jingling Power Plant for cement mortar was conducted. The results show that the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M2.5 cement mortar when the contents of the dusulfurration flyash are less than 30%. And the contents of the dusulfurration flyash of the second and the third fields are less than 10%, the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M5 cement mortar. While the contents of the dusulfurration flyash of the fourth fields is less than 20%, the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M5 cement mortar.
Because of the loose, large specific surface and having more remainders of unburnt coal, the flyash can be used as sorbent to dealing with the penetrating fluid. A series of tests are carried out to investigate the role, effect and mechanism of flyash in the process of treating penetrating fluid. The results suggest that the ratio of fly ash to water should be 1:10, the acidity of the leachate should be controlled within pH<4 and the amount of Al2(SO4)3 shoud be 0.2g/l in order to achieve the optimum effect. And it is better to add Al2(SO4)3 first, then add the flyash to treat the penetrating fluid.
引文
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[3] 邵靖邦. 欧洲国家粉煤灰利用. 粉煤灰综合利用, 1996,10(2):43-48
[4] 李继红,宋华民. 粉煤灰在建筑材料方面的应用. 资源节约和综合利用,2000,(3):34-35
[5] 覃维祖. 粉煤灰在混凝土中的应用. 粉煤灰综合利用,2000,14(3):1-7
[6] Yamei,zhang; Wei,Sun; Lianfei,shang. Mechanical properties of high performance concrete made with calcium high sulfate fly ash. Cement and Concrete Research. 1997,27(7):1093-1098
[7] 武永琦. 粉煤灰高性能混凝土的工程应用. 粉煤灰综合利用,2001,15(3):34-38
[8] 钱琴,牟晓芳,陆云涛 . 粉煤灰在建筑砂浆中的应用研究 . 建筑技术,2000,31(5):320-321
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