网络数字音频公共广播技术的研究与应用
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摘要
传统的模拟音频广播技术可以方便地将音频信号从演播设备传输到用户终端,但在传输大型广播系统的音频信号时存在一系列的问题,主要表现为:随着传输距离的增加,音频信号的质量会急剧下降,信噪比、高频特性变得差;现代建筑物规模庞大,如何减少布线成本和降低信号衰减已成为模拟音频广播系统中非常棘手的问题;分组广播、故障定位、系统冗余等新功能在传统的模拟音频广播系统中难以实现。随着以太网实时应用技术的发展,传统的模拟音频广播技术将逐步被基于以太网络传输的网络数字音频广播技术所取代。
本文在总结分析CobraNet和EtherSound专利音频广播技术的基础上,提出了一种基于以太网络传输的数字音频公共广播技术,适用于对实时性要求不高的音频公共广播。本文的主要工作及成果如下:
1.文中研究了多种网络数字音频公共广播的相关技术,主要包括:低延迟的网络音频数据传输方案、先进的网络数字音频公共广播传输协议、高性能的数字音频压缩方案、系统的体系结构和冗余备份等,提出了一种基于音质控制的自适应抖动缓冲控制算法。
2.利用网络数字音频公共广播的整体技术方案,搭建了示范系统,研究开发了音频控制服务器应用软件、基于NiosⅡ软核嵌入处理器和μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统的数字音频广播终端和实时语音采集终端。
3、详细介绍了基于μC/OS-Ⅱ工实时操作系统、HAL库和LwIP协议的终端设备软件设计及基于SOPC技术的终端设备硬件设计,可实现终端设备的软硬件在线升级,具有非常广阔的产业化前景。
4、网络数字音频公共广播示范应用系统涵盖了以下功能:传统广播系统所有功能、动态分区播音、实时插播、移动播音、远程管理、实时监控等。
Audio signals can be transmitted conveniently from one terminal to another by the traditional analogue audio broadcast technology.However,it will meet a series of problems to transmit audio signals in a large-scale broadcast system.Firstly,the audio signal quality, including signal-to-noise ratio and high-frequency response characteristics,will decline sharply with the increase in transmission distance.Secondly,due to the existence of huge modern buildings,how to reduce the wiring cost and decrease the signal attenuation in analogue audio broadcast system is a troublesome problem.Thirdly,it is difficult to realize some new functions, such as packet broadcast,fault location,system redundancy and so on.With the development of the Intranet real-time application technology,the traditional analogue audio broadcast technology will be replaced by the IDBP technique gradually.
In this paper,based on the analysis of CobraNet and EtherSound audio broadcast technology,we introduced a kind of Intranet Digital Broadcast Platform(IDBP) with independent intellectual property rights,which is suitable for the audio public broadcast with low requirement of real-time characteristics.The main work and the results are as follows:
1.The technical proposal of IDBP is introduced.The primary techniques include: low-delayed intranet audio data communication scheme,advanced adaptive jitter buffering control algorithm,applicable IDBP protocol,high-performance digital audio compression scheme,systematic architecture and redundancy backup.
2.Based on the IDBP technique,a suit of demonstrating prototype is built.A kind of audio server control software with independent intellectual property rights is designed,and the terminal equipment of IDBP and real-time audio data sampling based on the NiosⅡsoft core embedded processor andμC/OS-Ⅱreal-time operating system are developed.
3.The software design of terminal equipment based onμC/OS-Ⅱreal-time operating system,HAL(Hardware Abstraction Layer) library and LwlP(Lightweight IP) protocol is introduced in detail,and the hardware design of terminal equipment based on SOPC(System on Programmable Chip) technique is described.Due to the online update of the hardware/software design and the independent intellectual property rights,the industrial application of the technique is prospective.
4.The functions of the designed IDBP system include:all the functions of traditional broadcast system,dynamic partition broadcast,real-time intercut broadcast,mobile broadcast, remote management,real-time monitoring.
本文在总结分析CobraNet和EtherSound专利音频广播技术的基础上,提出了一种基于以太网络传输的数字音频公共广播技术,适用于对实时性要求不高的音频公共广播。本文的主要工作及成果如下:
1.文中研究了多种网络数字音频公共广播的相关技术,主要包括:低延迟的网络音频数据传输方案、先进的网络数字音频公共广播传输协议、高性能的数字音频压缩方案、系统的体系结构和冗余备份等,提出了一种基于音质控制的自适应抖动缓冲控制算法。
2.利用网络数字音频公共广播的整体技术方案,搭建了示范系统,研究开发了音频控制服务器应用软件、基于NiosⅡ软核嵌入处理器和μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统的数字音频广播终端和实时语音采集终端。
3、详细介绍了基于μC/OS-Ⅱ工实时操作系统、HAL库和LwIP协议的终端设备软件设计及基于SOPC技术的终端设备硬件设计,可实现终端设备的软硬件在线升级,具有非常广阔的产业化前景。
4、网络数字音频公共广播示范应用系统涵盖了以下功能:传统广播系统所有功能、动态分区播音、实时插播、移动播音、远程管理、实时监控等。
Audio signals can be transmitted conveniently from one terminal to another by the traditional analogue audio broadcast technology.However,it will meet a series of problems to transmit audio signals in a large-scale broadcast system.Firstly,the audio signal quality, including signal-to-noise ratio and high-frequency response characteristics,will decline sharply with the increase in transmission distance.Secondly,due to the existence of huge modern buildings,how to reduce the wiring cost and decrease the signal attenuation in analogue audio broadcast system is a troublesome problem.Thirdly,it is difficult to realize some new functions, such as packet broadcast,fault location,system redundancy and so on.With the development of the Intranet real-time application technology,the traditional analogue audio broadcast technology will be replaced by the IDBP technique gradually.
In this paper,based on the analysis of CobraNet and EtherSound audio broadcast technology,we introduced a kind of Intranet Digital Broadcast Platform(IDBP) with independent intellectual property rights,which is suitable for the audio public broadcast with low requirement of real-time characteristics.The main work and the results are as follows:
1.The technical proposal of IDBP is introduced.The primary techniques include: low-delayed intranet audio data communication scheme,advanced adaptive jitter buffering control algorithm,applicable IDBP protocol,high-performance digital audio compression scheme,systematic architecture and redundancy backup.
2.Based on the IDBP technique,a suit of demonstrating prototype is built.A kind of audio server control software with independent intellectual property rights is designed,and the terminal equipment of IDBP and real-time audio data sampling based on the NiosⅡsoft core embedded processor andμC/OS-Ⅱreal-time operating system are developed.
3.The software design of terminal equipment based onμC/OS-Ⅱreal-time operating system,HAL(Hardware Abstraction Layer) library and LwlP(Lightweight IP) protocol is introduced in detail,and the hardware design of terminal equipment based on SOPC(System on Programmable Chip) technique is described.Due to the online update of the hardware/software design and the independent intellectual property rights,the industrial application of the technique is prospective.
4.The functions of the designed IDBP system include:all the functions of traditional broadcast system,dynamic partition broadcast,real-time intercut broadcast,mobile broadcast, remote management,real-time monitoring.
引文
[1]钟恭良.公共广播的过去和现在(一)[J].电声技术,2005.5:12-16.
[2]钟恭良.公共广播的过去和现在(二)[J].电声技术,2005.6:15-19.
[3]顾祺源,黄晓革.浅析Cobr aNet实时音频传输协议[J].电声技术,2007.2:67-72.
[4]兆翦.CobraNet技术原理及应用[J].音响技术,2004.3:13-16.
[5]赵晖.EtherSound网络数字音频技术及应用[J].电声技术,2004.1:71-72.
[6]张尧学.计算机网络与Internet教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.11.
[7]David J.katz,Rick Gentile.嵌入式媒体处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.9.
[8]David Salomon.数字压缩原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.9.
[9]徐勋业,熊中柱,王志军.VoIP语音时延的分析和研究[J].光通信研究,2007.139(1):11-14.
[10]Jan Axelson.嵌入式Ethernet和Internet通信设计技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.6.
[11]喻小继,孙博.100M以太网结构下的数字化语音室数据传输[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006.12:72-75.
[12]M.Tim Jones.TCP/IP APPLICATION Protocols for Embedded System[M].CHARLES RIVER MEDIA,2005.4.
[13]Juniper Networks,Inc.Marcus Goncalves.Voice over IP 101[EB/OL].http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_papers/200087.pdf,2007.5/2008.1.
[14]Radhika M.Hirannaiah,Amarnath Jasti,Dr.Ravi Pendse.Influence of Codecs on Adaptive Jitter Buffer Algorithm[A],Proceedings of the 3rd Annual GRASP Symposium[C],Wichita State University,2007,195-196.
[15]周康,裘楷,吴宇红.VoIP系统中消除时延抖动的研究与实现[J].电子技术,2007.1:51-54.
[16]Sue B.Moon,Jim Kurose,Don Towsley,Packet audio playout delay adjustment:perfprmance bounds and algorithms[J].Acm/Spring Multimedia System,1998.5:17-28.
[17]Gagan L,Choudhury and Robert G.Cole.Design and analysis of optimal adaptive de-jitter buffers[J],Computer Communications,2004.4:529-537.
[18]H.Schulzrinne,S.Casner,R.Frederick.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications[Z],RFC3550,July 2003.
[19]Real-time Transport Protocol[EB].http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/rtp.html,2006,04,28/2007.7.2.
[20]陈小平,王皖陵.linux下实时流媒体编程实现[J].安徽工业大学学报,2005.7:293-297.
[21]H.Bruyninckx.Real-Time and Embedded Guide[Z].2004.
[22]Streaming media[EB],http://www.wavecn.com/audioinfo/AudioFormatlntro.html,2006.3.22/2007.7.20.
[23]C.Huitema.Real Time Control Protocol(RTCP) attribute in Session Description Protocol[Z],RFC3605,2003.10.
[24]朱献忠.数字音频格式漫谈[J].广播与电视技术,2004.12:49-57
[25]江巍,杨军,罗岚,胡晨.MP3定点解码算法的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2004.30(15):83-85.
[26]叶晓舟,邓峰,曾学文,王劲林.基于定点DSP的MP3解码算法优化与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2007.43:94-96.
[27]王晓莹.中国MP3遭遇专利阻击.北京商报,2007.3.19.
[28]李兰英.Nios Ⅱ嵌入式软核SOPC设计原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11.
[29]周立功.SOPC嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11.
[30]Altert Inc.Accelerating Nios Ⅱ Networking Applications[DB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/an/an440.pdf,2007.5/2007.7.15.
[31]Altert Inc.Ethernet and the NicheStack TCP/IP Stack-Nios Ⅱ Edition.http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52013.pdf,2007.5/2007.10.12.
[32]SMSC Inc.LAN91C111 Data Shee[DB/OL].http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/91c111.pdf,2008.6.13/2008.7.16.
[33]王蒙,徐洋,王平.基于Nios Ⅱ处理器的以太网接口的设计[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版).2007.4:197-200.
[34]VLSI Inc.VS1003 Datasheet Rev 1.02[DB/OL].http://www.vlsi.fi/fileadmin/datasheets/vlsi/vs1003.pdf,2006.7.13/2007.7.10.
[35]Texas Instruments Inc.TLV320AIC23 Datasheet[DB/OL],http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlv320aic23.pdf,2005.5/2007.7.10.
[36]Altert Inc.Creating Multiprocessor Nios Ⅱ Systems Tutorial[DB/OL],http://www.altera.com/literature/tt/tt_nios2_multiprocessor_tutorial.pdf,2007.12/2008.2.
[37]任哲,潘树林,房红征.嵌入式操作系统基础μC/OS-Ⅱ和Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.8.
[38]陈是知.μC/OS-Ⅱ内核分析、移植与驱动程序开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.9.
[39]Altert Inc.Using Lightweight IP with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial.http://www.altera.com/literature/tt/tt_nios2_lwip_tutorial.pdf,2004.12/2005.2.
[40]Micrium Inc.μC/TCP-IP and the Soft-Core Processor Application Note.http://www.micrium.com/php/download.php?file=AN-3000.zip,2004.6/2007.5.
[41]Tomas A K,Haines M E.实时计算机图形学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.7.
[42]单春荣,刘艳强.工业以太网现场总线EtherCAT及驱动程序设计[J].制造业自动化,2007.11:79-82
[2]钟恭良.公共广播的过去和现在(二)[J].电声技术,2005.6:15-19.
[3]顾祺源,黄晓革.浅析Cobr aNet实时音频传输协议[J].电声技术,2007.2:67-72.
[4]兆翦.CobraNet技术原理及应用[J].音响技术,2004.3:13-16.
[5]赵晖.EtherSound网络数字音频技术及应用[J].电声技术,2004.1:71-72.
[6]张尧学.计算机网络与Internet教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.11.
[7]David J.katz,Rick Gentile.嵌入式媒体处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.9.
[8]David Salomon.数字压缩原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.9.
[9]徐勋业,熊中柱,王志军.VoIP语音时延的分析和研究[J].光通信研究,2007.139(1):11-14.
[10]Jan Axelson.嵌入式Ethernet和Internet通信设计技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.6.
[11]喻小继,孙博.100M以太网结构下的数字化语音室数据传输[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006.12:72-75.
[12]M.Tim Jones.TCP/IP APPLICATION Protocols for Embedded System[M].CHARLES RIVER MEDIA,2005.4.
[13]Juniper Networks,Inc.Marcus Goncalves.Voice over IP 101[EB/OL].http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_papers/200087.pdf,2007.5/2008.1.
[14]Radhika M.Hirannaiah,Amarnath Jasti,Dr.Ravi Pendse.Influence of Codecs on Adaptive Jitter Buffer Algorithm[A],Proceedings of the 3rd Annual GRASP Symposium[C],Wichita State University,2007,195-196.
[15]周康,裘楷,吴宇红.VoIP系统中消除时延抖动的研究与实现[J].电子技术,2007.1:51-54.
[16]Sue B.Moon,Jim Kurose,Don Towsley,Packet audio playout delay adjustment:perfprmance bounds and algorithms[J].Acm/Spring Multimedia System,1998.5:17-28.
[17]Gagan L,Choudhury and Robert G.Cole.Design and analysis of optimal adaptive de-jitter buffers[J],Computer Communications,2004.4:529-537.
[18]H.Schulzrinne,S.Casner,R.Frederick.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications[Z],RFC3550,July 2003.
[19]Real-time Transport Protocol[EB].http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/rtp.html,2006,04,28/2007.7.2.
[20]陈小平,王皖陵.linux下实时流媒体编程实现[J].安徽工业大学学报,2005.7:293-297.
[21]H.Bruyninckx.Real-Time and Embedded Guide[Z].2004.
[22]Streaming media[EB],http://www.wavecn.com/audioinfo/AudioFormatlntro.html,2006.3.22/2007.7.20.
[23]C.Huitema.Real Time Control Protocol(RTCP) attribute in Session Description Protocol[Z],RFC3605,2003.10.
[24]朱献忠.数字音频格式漫谈[J].广播与电视技术,2004.12:49-57
[25]江巍,杨军,罗岚,胡晨.MP3定点解码算法的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2004.30(15):83-85.
[26]叶晓舟,邓峰,曾学文,王劲林.基于定点DSP的MP3解码算法优化与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2007.43:94-96.
[27]王晓莹.中国MP3遭遇专利阻击.北京商报,2007.3.19.
[28]李兰英.Nios Ⅱ嵌入式软核SOPC设计原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11.
[29]周立功.SOPC嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11.
[30]Altert Inc.Accelerating Nios Ⅱ Networking Applications[DB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/an/an440.pdf,2007.5/2007.7.15.
[31]Altert Inc.Ethernet and the NicheStack TCP/IP Stack-Nios Ⅱ Edition.http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52013.pdf,2007.5/2007.10.12.
[32]SMSC Inc.LAN91C111 Data Shee[DB/OL].http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/91c111.pdf,2008.6.13/2008.7.16.
[33]王蒙,徐洋,王平.基于Nios Ⅱ处理器的以太网接口的设计[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版).2007.4:197-200.
[34]VLSI Inc.VS1003 Datasheet Rev 1.02[DB/OL].http://www.vlsi.fi/fileadmin/datasheets/vlsi/vs1003.pdf,2006.7.13/2007.7.10.
[35]Texas Instruments Inc.TLV320AIC23 Datasheet[DB/OL],http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlv320aic23.pdf,2005.5/2007.7.10.
[36]Altert Inc.Creating Multiprocessor Nios Ⅱ Systems Tutorial[DB/OL],http://www.altera.com/literature/tt/tt_nios2_multiprocessor_tutorial.pdf,2007.12/2008.2.
[37]任哲,潘树林,房红征.嵌入式操作系统基础μC/OS-Ⅱ和Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.8.
[38]陈是知.μC/OS-Ⅱ内核分析、移植与驱动程序开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.9.
[39]Altert Inc.Using Lightweight IP with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial.http://www.altera.com/literature/tt/tt_nios2_lwip_tutorial.pdf,2004.12/2005.2.
[40]Micrium Inc.μC/TCP-IP and the Soft-Core Processor Application Note.http://www.micrium.com/php/download.php?file=AN-3000.zip,2004.6/2007.5.
[41]Tomas A K,Haines M E.实时计算机图形学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.7.
[42]单春荣,刘艳强.工业以太网现场总线EtherCAT及驱动程序设计[J].制造业自动化,2007.11:79-82