上海崇明岛及新江湾城多环芳烃和多氯联苯分布特征
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摘要
采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法(GC-MS)和气相色谱-电子捕获检测器方法(GC-ECD)分别测定了崇明岛和新江湾城土壤和沉积物中的多环芳烃和多氯联苯的含量,并对其分布特征进行了初步探讨。崇明岛东滩沉积物中美国EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)均有检出,总多环芳烃含量为51.3～204.7ng/g dw,低于风险评价的低值,对生态影响较小。根据菲/蒽、荧蒽/芘,低环PAHs与高环PAHs含量比值等判断出该区的多环芳烃主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧。七种多氯联苯(PCBs)也均有检出,总多氯联苯含量为0.14～0.40ng/g dw。PAHs和PCBs垂直分布的周期性变化明显。用~(210)Pb进行了准确定年,研究了PAHs和PCBs的历史变化规律,反映了不同历史时期对其残留量的影响。
崇明岛东部表层土壤中总多环芳烃为64.6～717.2ng/g dw,与国外制定的土壤中多环芳烃限值相比,崇明岛东部表层土壤属于较低污染水平,对生态产生的影响较小。其主要来源也是化石燃料的不完全燃烧。
新江湾城多环芳烃的含量1158.1～8050.8ng/g dw,表明新江湾城表层土壤已经受到了较大程度的多环芳烃污染。其来源也是化石燃料的不完全燃烧。新江湾城多氯联苯的检出率不高,检出量也较低,含量为1.83～8.46ng/g dw,远远低于我国某些典型污染源附近土壤和沉积物中PCBs的含量。
Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs) in soil and core sediment samples taken from Chongming island and Xin Jiangwan district of Shanghai city were separately measured by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The distributions were discussed based on the concentrations.Sixteen kinds of prior controlled PAHs by US EPA were identified in the core sediment of Dongtan Wetland of Chongming Island.The total concentrations ranged from 51.3 to 204.7ng/g dw.It was unlikely to influences the ecology for the concentrations were under the effects range low(ERL) values compared to the risk assessment values.Combustion of fuels may be the dominant source in the study area, depending on the ratios of Phe/Ant、Flth/Pyr、low circle PAHs/high circle PAHs.All of seven kinds of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs) were also identified.The concentrations of PCBs inspected and measured were 0.14～0.40ng/g dw.The residues of PAHs and PCBs changed dramatically with the depth.Combined with ~(210)pb dating,the vertical distributions of PAHs with times were studied.
The total PAHs in the soil of east of Chongming ranged from 64.6 to 717.2 ng/g dw, showing a low pollution level compared with the limited values of PAHs in soil in foreign countries.Combustion of fuels was figured out to be the main source of PAHs.
The total concentrations of PAHs in Xin Jiangwan district ranged from 1158.1 to 8050.8ng/g dw,which showed that it has been contaminated by PAHs to some extent.It also should be contributed to the combustion of fuels.Not all the seven kinds of PCBs were detected in the samples of Xin Jiangwan district.The concentrations of PCBs in this area ranged from1.83 to 8.46ng/g dw,lower than the residues of some typical polluted region.
崇明岛东部表层土壤中总多环芳烃为64.6～717.2ng/g dw,与国外制定的土壤中多环芳烃限值相比,崇明岛东部表层土壤属于较低污染水平,对生态产生的影响较小。其主要来源也是化石燃料的不完全燃烧。
新江湾城多环芳烃的含量1158.1～8050.8ng/g dw,表明新江湾城表层土壤已经受到了较大程度的多环芳烃污染。其来源也是化石燃料的不完全燃烧。新江湾城多氯联苯的检出率不高,检出量也较低,含量为1.83～8.46ng/g dw,远远低于我国某些典型污染源附近土壤和沉积物中PCBs的含量。
Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs) in soil and core sediment samples taken from Chongming island and Xin Jiangwan district of Shanghai city were separately measured by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The distributions were discussed based on the concentrations.Sixteen kinds of prior controlled PAHs by US EPA were identified in the core sediment of Dongtan Wetland of Chongming Island.The total concentrations ranged from 51.3 to 204.7ng/g dw.It was unlikely to influences the ecology for the concentrations were under the effects range low(ERL) values compared to the risk assessment values.Combustion of fuels may be the dominant source in the study area, depending on the ratios of Phe/Ant、Flth/Pyr、low circle PAHs/high circle PAHs.All of seven kinds of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs) were also identified.The concentrations of PCBs inspected and measured were 0.14～0.40ng/g dw.The residues of PAHs and PCBs changed dramatically with the depth.Combined with ~(210)pb dating,the vertical distributions of PAHs with times were studied.
The total PAHs in the soil of east of Chongming ranged from 64.6 to 717.2 ng/g dw, showing a low pollution level compared with the limited values of PAHs in soil in foreign countries.Combustion of fuels was figured out to be the main source of PAHs.
The total concentrations of PAHs in Xin Jiangwan district ranged from 1158.1 to 8050.8ng/g dw,which showed that it has been contaminated by PAHs to some extent.It also should be contributed to the combustion of fuels.Not all the seven kinds of PCBs were detected in the samples of Xin Jiangwan district.The concentrations of PCBs in this area ranged from1.83 to 8.46ng/g dw,lower than the residues of some typical polluted region.
引文
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