四种粘土矿物对Cd~（2+）、Pb~（2+）污染废水和土壤的修复效果研究
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摘要
为了探讨粘土矿物对受污染水体和土壤的修复能力,使存在于水体和土壤中的重金属元素浓度降低,本文以四种粘土矿物为试材,比较它们吸附废水中重金属污染物的能力,并对吸附效果最佳的钠基膨润土进行恒温吸附实验。同时,采用人工模拟土壤Cd、Pb污染的方法,以小白菜为指示植物,系统地研究钠基膨润土(白色600目)修复Cd、Pb污染土壤的规律。结果表明:
(1)钠基膨润土(白色600目)、钠基膨润土(500型灰黄)、膨润土(100型灰黄)、海泡石四种粘土矿物,吸附废水中Pb2+能力相当,高达99.5%;吸附废水中Cd2+,钠基膨润土(白色600目)能力最强。
(2)钠基膨润土(白色600目)对Cd2+的Qmax达到51.2 mg/g,对Pb2+的Qmax约为200mg/g。这些数据为利用膨润土来减少重金属在土壤中的移动性从而降低其危害提供了可能性。
(3)同一浓度溶液,pH=6.32时,钠基膨润土(白色600目)对Cd2+、Pb2+的单位吸附量明显低于pH=8.32。
(4)相比Pb元素,小白菜优先吸附Cd元素,含量是Pb的5-10倍。在无添加粘土矿物组土壤收获的小白菜吸附的重金属含量比添加钠基膨润土土壤中小白菜含量高。
(5)低污染和高污染种植土壤放置1个月后,土壤Cd水溶态和离子交换态含量均呈下降趋势,Cd有效态降低,且施加钠基膨润土+种植小白菜的治理模式比单纯种植小白菜的效果好;土壤Pb水溶态含量降低,而离子交换态升高,所以Pb有效态只在高污染种植土壤组大幅下降,在低污染组有一定的上升。
To study the remediation capacity of the clay minerals in the contaminated water and the soil, four kinds of clay minerals were selected as experimental material. We researched the capacity of them using to absorb heavy metals in the contaminative water, and the adsorption experiment was done in the same temperature. at the same time, We studied the changing rules of renovating the contaminative soil with Cd and Pb in system, by the artificial method, using the Chinese cabbage as indicator plants.The results are as follows:
(1)The four kinds of clay minerals: Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh), Na-modified bentonite (500-type sallow), bentonite (100 sallow) and sepiolite, have the same strong adsorption ability for Pb2+ of wastewater , the absorptivity of they are up to 99.5%; Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) has the strongest adsorption ability for Cd2+ of wastewater.
(2)The Qmaxof Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) for Cd2 + is 51.2 mg / kg, for Pb2+ is about 200mg/kg. So it’s possible for using Na-modified bentonite to reduce the heavy metals mobility in the soil, so as to reduce the possibility harm.
(3)With the same liquor, when the pH = 6.32, the adsorptive amount of Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) for Cd2+ and Pb2+ was much lower than the pH = 8.32.
(4)Compared to Pb, the cabbages had preferential adsorption to Cd,which is 5-10 times more than Pb. The cabbages which were grown in the soil without clay minerals had higher heavy metal content than which were grown in the soil added some Na-modified bentonite.
(5)Both the water-solubility Cd and the the hydronium commutative state of Cd in the high or low contaminative soil were descend after one month., So as the valid Cd. The effect of adding Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) and planting Chinese cabbages is better than only planting Chinese cabbages. the water-solubility Pb reduced while the the hydronium commutative state of Pb increased in the high contaminative soil, which made for the valid Pb reduced in the high contaminative soil and increased in the low contaminative soil.
(1)钠基膨润土(白色600目)、钠基膨润土(500型灰黄)、膨润土(100型灰黄)、海泡石四种粘土矿物,吸附废水中Pb2+能力相当,高达99.5%;吸附废水中Cd2+,钠基膨润土(白色600目)能力最强。
(2)钠基膨润土(白色600目)对Cd2+的Qmax达到51.2 mg/g,对Pb2+的Qmax约为200mg/g。这些数据为利用膨润土来减少重金属在土壤中的移动性从而降低其危害提供了可能性。
(3)同一浓度溶液,pH=6.32时,钠基膨润土(白色600目)对Cd2+、Pb2+的单位吸附量明显低于pH=8.32。
(4)相比Pb元素,小白菜优先吸附Cd元素,含量是Pb的5-10倍。在无添加粘土矿物组土壤收获的小白菜吸附的重金属含量比添加钠基膨润土土壤中小白菜含量高。
(5)低污染和高污染种植土壤放置1个月后,土壤Cd水溶态和离子交换态含量均呈下降趋势,Cd有效态降低,且施加钠基膨润土+种植小白菜的治理模式比单纯种植小白菜的效果好;土壤Pb水溶态含量降低,而离子交换态升高,所以Pb有效态只在高污染种植土壤组大幅下降,在低污染组有一定的上升。
To study the remediation capacity of the clay minerals in the contaminated water and the soil, four kinds of clay minerals were selected as experimental material. We researched the capacity of them using to absorb heavy metals in the contaminative water, and the adsorption experiment was done in the same temperature. at the same time, We studied the changing rules of renovating the contaminative soil with Cd and Pb in system, by the artificial method, using the Chinese cabbage as indicator plants.The results are as follows:
(1)The four kinds of clay minerals: Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh), Na-modified bentonite (500-type sallow), bentonite (100 sallow) and sepiolite, have the same strong adsorption ability for Pb2+ of wastewater , the absorptivity of they are up to 99.5%; Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) has the strongest adsorption ability for Cd2+ of wastewater.
(2)The Qmaxof Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) for Cd2 + is 51.2 mg / kg, for Pb2+ is about 200mg/kg. So it’s possible for using Na-modified bentonite to reduce the heavy metals mobility in the soil, so as to reduce the possibility harm.
(3)With the same liquor, when the pH = 6.32, the adsorptive amount of Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) for Cd2+ and Pb2+ was much lower than the pH = 8.32.
(4)Compared to Pb, the cabbages had preferential adsorption to Cd,which is 5-10 times more than Pb. The cabbages which were grown in the soil without clay minerals had higher heavy metal content than which were grown in the soil added some Na-modified bentonite.
(5)Both the water-solubility Cd and the the hydronium commutative state of Cd in the high or low contaminative soil were descend after one month., So as the valid Cd. The effect of adding Na-modified bentonite (white 600 mesh) and planting Chinese cabbages is better than only planting Chinese cabbages. the water-solubility Pb reduced while the the hydronium commutative state of Pb increased in the high contaminative soil, which made for the valid Pb reduced in the high contaminative soil and increased in the low contaminative soil.
引文
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