木结构墙体隔声和楼板减振设计方法研究
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摘要
木结构建筑在我国历史悠久，由于各种原因建国后未得到很好的发展。近年来，国外现代木结构建筑进入我国，引起人们的广泛关注。现代木结构建筑以其独特的性能在我国有着广阔的发展前景，但不可否认地是一些现代木结构建筑存在有墙体隔声差和楼板振动大等问题，这些情况不一定与建筑技术和材料有关，有时是由设计规范、设计方法而造成的，改善这些方面的性能正是本论文的研究目的。
木结构隔声性能是木结构建筑一项重要性能。以统计能量分析方法为基础，首先给出了单层墙板隔声性能表达式，进而提出了双层墙板隔声性能的计算方法。通过分析了声桥和吸声层对墙体隔声性能的影响对双层墙体隔声表达式进行了修正，提出了木结构墙体隔声性能的计算式。
通过实测值与计算值比较，证明二者有比较好的一致性，实测计权隔声量与理论计权隔声量相差在3dB以内。计算表达式是用简单函数表达，式中所涉及的参数赋值都是易于实测、查阅资料或简单计算得到，具有较强工程适用性。在此基础上，结合木结构建筑的特点，我们又对木结构墙体隔声表达式进行了扩展，给出了带门窗等构件组合墙体的隔声量预测公式。
在木结构墙体实验室测量中，发现影响木结构墙体隔声性能的因素有墙板的面密度、墙骨的规格和间距、吸声层材料的容重和厚度。在木结构墙体的设计和建造中，可以不考虑墙板放置方式。墙骨间距对共振频率影响明显，第一共振频率(f_0)计算表达式不仅要考虑了墙体两墙面板的面密度和空气层的厚度，而且还要考虑木墙骨的间距。在结构安全的情况下，建议木结构墙体采用木墙骨间距为400mm或600mm，优先使用600mm。
通过分析玻璃棉(GFB)对墙体隔声的影响，认为GFB附加隔声量不能简单地以5dB以上来计算，必须要考虑GFB的容重和厚度计算附加隔声量。不加保温层的木结构墙体计权隔声量基本上在40dB以下，而加保温层的木结构墙体计权隔声量基本上在40dB以上。按照我国住宅隔声标准评定，本次试验木结构外墙隔声性能达到三级，基本上能满足普通住宅要求。
木结构墙体的f_0一般都在100Hz以上，大约在125Hz左右，声桥频率f_B大约在150Hz左右，墙体限定频率·f_l大约在630Hz左右。在测试频率范围内木结构隔声曲线变化的特征是：在f_0和f_B之间，隔声量按每倍频大约18dB增加；在f_B和f_l之间，隔声量按照每倍频大约10dB增加；在f_l和2000Hz左右，隔声量按照每倍频低于10dB增加；2000Hz以上到临界频率，隔声量递减。在实测结果的基础上，初步提出了线连接木墙骨的内墙体隔声量R_w的表达式。
木结构楼板振动性能是木结构建筑又一项重要性能。在国外研究者的成果和经验的
Wood frame buildings have a long history in China. Due to many reasons there was no more development. Recently Foreign modern wood frame buildings come to China and people pay great attention. By special performances modern wood frame construction will have a great future, however undeniably there exist problems of low sound insulation of walls and poor vibration of floors in some buildings. Sometimes these situations are not related to building technology and materials while caused by design codes and methods. The role of the paper is to improve these performances.
Sound insulation of wood structure walls is one of important properties. Based on the SEA method, the expression of the sound insulation of a single panel wall was given and the calculation method of the sound insulation of a double panel wall was obtained. By analyzing the influence of sound bridge and absorption layer on the sound insulation of a wall, the calculation expression of a double panel wall was revised and the formula of the sound insulation of a wood structure wall was put forward.
The comparison between measured values and calculated values proved the serviceability of the calculation expression. The difference between measured weighted sound insulation and the calculation weighted sound insulation was less than 3dB. The parameters in the calculation expression are easy to reach by measurement, handbook or simple calculation. According to the practical situation the forecast formula of an assembled wall with doors or windows was given.
In laboratory measurement, it was found that factors influencing the sound insulation of a wood structure wall were the surface density of wall panels, the size and the space of wood studs, the density and the thickness of sound absorption materials. The layout of wall panels is considered in the design and construction of wood structure walls. The space between wood studs has an obvious influence on the resonance frequency. In the calculation of the resonance frequency the surface density and the air thickness of wall panels is not only considered, the space between wood studs is also considered. Under the consideration of the structure safety,
木结构隔声性能是木结构建筑一项重要性能。以统计能量分析方法为基础，首先给出了单层墙板隔声性能表达式，进而提出了双层墙板隔声性能的计算方法。通过分析了声桥和吸声层对墙体隔声性能的影响对双层墙体隔声表达式进行了修正，提出了木结构墙体隔声性能的计算式。
通过实测值与计算值比较，证明二者有比较好的一致性，实测计权隔声量与理论计权隔声量相差在3dB以内。计算表达式是用简单函数表达，式中所涉及的参数赋值都是易于实测、查阅资料或简单计算得到，具有较强工程适用性。在此基础上，结合木结构建筑的特点，我们又对木结构墙体隔声表达式进行了扩展，给出了带门窗等构件组合墙体的隔声量预测公式。
在木结构墙体实验室测量中，发现影响木结构墙体隔声性能的因素有墙板的面密度、墙骨的规格和间距、吸声层材料的容重和厚度。在木结构墙体的设计和建造中，可以不考虑墙板放置方式。墙骨间距对共振频率影响明显，第一共振频率(f_0)计算表达式不仅要考虑了墙体两墙面板的面密度和空气层的厚度，而且还要考虑木墙骨的间距。在结构安全的情况下，建议木结构墙体采用木墙骨间距为400mm或600mm，优先使用600mm。
通过分析玻璃棉(GFB)对墙体隔声的影响，认为GFB附加隔声量不能简单地以5dB以上来计算，必须要考虑GFB的容重和厚度计算附加隔声量。不加保温层的木结构墙体计权隔声量基本上在40dB以下，而加保温层的木结构墙体计权隔声量基本上在40dB以上。按照我国住宅隔声标准评定，本次试验木结构外墙隔声性能达到三级，基本上能满足普通住宅要求。
木结构墙体的f_0一般都在100Hz以上，大约在125Hz左右，声桥频率f_B大约在150Hz左右，墙体限定频率·f_l大约在630Hz左右。在测试频率范围内木结构隔声曲线变化的特征是：在f_0和f_B之间，隔声量按每倍频大约18dB增加；在f_B和f_l之间，隔声量按照每倍频大约10dB增加；在f_l和2000Hz左右，隔声量按照每倍频低于10dB增加；2000Hz以上到临界频率，隔声量递减。在实测结果的基础上，初步提出了线连接木墙骨的内墙体隔声量R_w的表达式。
木结构楼板振动性能是木结构建筑又一项重要性能。在国外研究者的成果和经验的
Wood frame buildings have a long history in China. Due to many reasons there was no more development. Recently Foreign modern wood frame buildings come to China and people pay great attention. By special performances modern wood frame construction will have a great future, however undeniably there exist problems of low sound insulation of walls and poor vibration of floors in some buildings. Sometimes these situations are not related to building technology and materials while caused by design codes and methods. The role of the paper is to improve these performances.
Sound insulation of wood structure walls is one of important properties. Based on the SEA method, the expression of the sound insulation of a single panel wall was given and the calculation method of the sound insulation of a double panel wall was obtained. By analyzing the influence of sound bridge and absorption layer on the sound insulation of a wall, the calculation expression of a double panel wall was revised and the formula of the sound insulation of a wood structure wall was put forward.
The comparison between measured values and calculated values proved the serviceability of the calculation expression. The difference between measured weighted sound insulation and the calculation weighted sound insulation was less than 3dB. The parameters in the calculation expression are easy to reach by measurement, handbook or simple calculation. According to the practical situation the forecast formula of an assembled wall with doors or windows was given.
In laboratory measurement, it was found that factors influencing the sound insulation of a wood structure wall were the surface density of wall panels, the size and the space of wood studs, the density and the thickness of sound absorption materials. The layout of wall panels is considered in the design and construction of wood structure walls. The space between wood studs has an obvious influence on the resonance frequency. In the calculation of the resonance frequency the surface density and the air thickness of wall panels is not only considered, the space between wood studs is also considered. Under the consideration of the structure safety,
引文
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