住房抵押贷款的风险与防范
|
摘要
作为主导产业，住宅产业在未来会以较高的速度增长，有效带动其他产业的发展，并能吸纳新技术，不断实现产业升级，在我国未来经济发展中有着举足轻重的地位。抵押贷款机制在扩大住房消费的同时，增加了对房地产供给的现实需求。而房地产业的发展又可以带动其他相关产业的发展，最终拉动内需，推动国民经济的健康发展。政府通过对抵押贷款的支持，有利于实现居者有其屋的政策目标，有利于保持社会稳定和整个国民经济的协调发展。
本文主要分为三部分。第一部分住房抵押贷款的概述，在阐述了住房抵押贷款的内涵和分析住房抵押贷款业务经济效应的基础上，深入剖析了住房抵押贷款在我国未来经济发展中的重要作用。得出结论：发展住房抵押贷款业务——银行业改善资产质量的重要途径；发展住房抵押贷款业务——房地产业发展的促进剂；发展住房抵押贷款业务——拉动内需的有效手段。第二部分主要针对住房抵押贷款实际运作中的风险问题进行理论分析并对主要风险进行成因分析。在对按揭银行在住房抵押贷款业务中风险来源进行理论分析的基础上，提出目前银行所面临的主要风险是“假按揭”问题与借款人的“低诚信”问题，并对其进行成因与危害分析，得出结论：制度缺陷导致“假按揭”问题，信用软约束导致“低诚信”问题。第三部分就防范住房抵押贷款风险进行对策研究。对策之一：完善制度，杜绝“假按揭”对策之二：构建科学的住房抵押贷款资信评估系统。对策之三：创造良好的外部环境，分散银行风险，主要对政府的担保制度和保险体系的作用等加以论述。
As the leading estate of our future national economy, residential industry will develop at a rather high speed, and give an impetus to other business. It can absorb new technology and make this business better and better. The system of residential mortgage loans enlarged the consumption of residences and increased real estate need of supply. The development of real estate can motivate the development of other related businesses, enlarge internal need and put forward our national economy healthily. By supporting residential mortgage loans, the government can realize it's policy that every resident has his or her own residence.
The whole thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is about residential mortgage loans. The writer introduces the connotation of it and analyse the economic effect of it. By deeply analyzing the role of residential mortgage loans in our economy, the writer draws a conclusion: residential mortgage loans-a very important way to improve the quality of banks estate; residential mortgage loans- a promoter to residence industry; residential mortgage loans- an effective method to promote internal need. The second part analyze the problems in the practice of residential mortgage loans and comes to a conclusion: the reason for false mortgage is imperfection of our government and financial system; the reason for low credit is the poor restriction of credit. The third part is about the measures to prevent residential mortgage loans. The first one is to perfect the system to prevent false residential mortgage loans. The second one is to build scientific personal credit evaluation. The third one is to make
a good environment to disperse bank's risks.
本文主要分为三部分。第一部分住房抵押贷款的概述，在阐述了住房抵押贷款的内涵和分析住房抵押贷款业务经济效应的基础上，深入剖析了住房抵押贷款在我国未来经济发展中的重要作用。得出结论：发展住房抵押贷款业务——银行业改善资产质量的重要途径；发展住房抵押贷款业务——房地产业发展的促进剂；发展住房抵押贷款业务——拉动内需的有效手段。第二部分主要针对住房抵押贷款实际运作中的风险问题进行理论分析并对主要风险进行成因分析。在对按揭银行在住房抵押贷款业务中风险来源进行理论分析的基础上，提出目前银行所面临的主要风险是“假按揭”问题与借款人的“低诚信”问题，并对其进行成因与危害分析，得出结论：制度缺陷导致“假按揭”问题，信用软约束导致“低诚信”问题。第三部分就防范住房抵押贷款风险进行对策研究。对策之一：完善制度，杜绝“假按揭”对策之二：构建科学的住房抵押贷款资信评估系统。对策之三：创造良好的外部环境，分散银行风险，主要对政府的担保制度和保险体系的作用等加以论述。
As the leading estate of our future national economy, residential industry will develop at a rather high speed, and give an impetus to other business. It can absorb new technology and make this business better and better. The system of residential mortgage loans enlarged the consumption of residences and increased real estate need of supply. The development of real estate can motivate the development of other related businesses, enlarge internal need and put forward our national economy healthily. By supporting residential mortgage loans, the government can realize it's policy that every resident has his or her own residence.
The whole thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is about residential mortgage loans. The writer introduces the connotation of it and analyse the economic effect of it. By deeply analyzing the role of residential mortgage loans in our economy, the writer draws a conclusion: residential mortgage loans-a very important way to improve the quality of banks estate; residential mortgage loans- a promoter to residence industry; residential mortgage loans- an effective method to promote internal need. The second part analyze the problems in the practice of residential mortgage loans and comes to a conclusion: the reason for false mortgage is imperfection of our government and financial system; the reason for low credit is the poor restriction of credit. The third part is about the measures to prevent residential mortgage loans. The first one is to perfect the system to prevent false residential mortgage loans. The second one is to build scientific personal credit evaluation. The third one is to make
a good environment to disperse bank's risks.
引文
1．赵桂芹，《发展消费信贷的制约因素及解决途径》，社会科学辑刊，2001年第三期
2．彼得．S．罗斯著，唐旭 王丹等译，商业银行管理(第三版)，北京：经济科学出版社，1999，p505-514
3．殷红，张卫东著《房地产金融》第一版，北京，首都经济贸易大学出版社，2002；p84-134
4．姚长辉著《中国住房抵押贷款证券创新研究》第一版，北京，北京大学出版社，p124-127
5．《中国统计年鉴》各年
6．“假按揭苦煞银行”，《扬州晚报》，2002年11月20日
7．王瑞存，“个人信贷——快速路上还须谨慎驾驶”，《金融时报》，2002年11月25日
8．“内地银行业住房按揭风险增大”，《星岛日报》，2002年12月4日
9．姚存根，张凤存，富银，“个人住房按揭贷款操作中存在法律盲区”，《金融时报》，2003年4月10日
10．王涌泉，“住房按揭法律问题研究”，《中国法学家》，2001年5月4日
2．彼得．S．罗斯著，唐旭 王丹等译，商业银行管理(第三版)，北京：经济科学出版社，1999，p505-514
3．殷红，张卫东著《房地产金融》第一版，北京，首都经济贸易大学出版社，2002；p84-134
4．姚长辉著《中国住房抵押贷款证券创新研究》第一版，北京，北京大学出版社，p124-127
5．《中国统计年鉴》各年
6．“假按揭苦煞银行”，《扬州晚报》，2002年11月20日
7．王瑞存，“个人信贷——快速路上还须谨慎驾驶”，《金融时报》，2002年11月25日
8．“内地银行业住房按揭风险增大”，《星岛日报》，2002年12月4日
9．姚存根，张凤存，富银，“个人住房按揭贷款操作中存在法律盲区”，《金融时报》，2003年4月10日
10．王涌泉，“住房按揭法律问题研究”，《中国法学家》，2001年5月4日