用户名: 密码: 验证码:
猪鸡常见致病菌β-内酰胺酶的检测及其抑制剂舒巴坦的初步研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
为克服细菌因产生β-内酰胺酶而对β-内酰胺环类抗生素耐药的问题,本文进行了猪鸡常见致病菌β-内酰胺酶的鉴定检测,并对β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦的抑酶保护作用,进行了初步研究。首先用试管二倍稀释法,测定了常见β-内酰胺环类抗生素对猪鸡常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性;进一步选择对氨苄西林、阿莫西林严重耐药的大肠杆菌分离株用碘测定法、酸测定法、和Nitrocefin纸片法进行了β-内酰胺酶的鉴定检测;同时用试管二倍稀释法,测定了β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦与氨苄西林联用对产酶耐药菌株的体外抗菌活性,并从诱导产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株O78?许昌F和O78?荥阳R中,制备提取出超广谱β-内酰胺酶,观察了超广谱β-内酰胺酶对三代头孢的水解作用和舒巴坦对三代头孢的抑酶保护作用。
    体外抑菌实验结果表明:一代头孢头孢氨苄对标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)值在0.125-8μg/ml之间,对临床分离菌株的MIC值在0.156-8μg/ml之间,对临床菌株和标准菌株的抗菌活性基本一致;三代头孢曲松和头孢噻呋对各种兽医临床分离菌株和标准菌株的MIC值基本一致,分别在0.00625-0.06μg/ml和0.00625-0.8μg/ml之间。阿莫西林、氨苄西林则不同:对标准菌株的抗菌活性在0.03125-4μg/ml之间,对临床分离致病菌的抗菌活性在0.0625-≥500μg/ml之间;对标准菌株的抗菌活性明显强于其对临床分离菌株的活性,尤以大肠杆菌分离株最明显:阿莫西林和氨苄西林对鸡大肠杆菌标准菌株O78的MIC值分别是2μg/ml和4μg/ml,但对临床大肠杆菌分离株的MIC值却都≥500μg/ml。头孢氨苄在兽医临床应用不多,阿莫西林和
    
    
    氨苄西林已广泛应用很多年,可得出结论:细菌耐药性的产生,与抗生素的连续使用有关;同时,该体外抑菌试验结果,也很好的证明了三代头孢对临床分离致病菌的强抑菌、杀菌作用。
    对氨苄西林严重耐药菌大肠杆菌分离株的β-内酰胺酶鉴定检测结果:Nitrocefin纸片法检测结果,100%为阳性产酶菌株;碘测量法结果阳性株28株(阳性率97.3%);酸测定法结果阳性株27株(阳性率97%),且不同检测方法结果差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明猪鸡常见致病菌中的大肠杆菌多产β-内酰胺酶,产生β-内酰胺酶是这些细菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林耐药的主要原因。但对这些分离菌株用纸片协同法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶(Extendβ-lactamase,ESBLs)的结果,却全部呈现阴性,没有一株细菌是产ESBLs菌株。
    产酶菌株对三代头孢头孢曲松、头孢噻呋体外抑菌试验敏感,MIC值在0.025-0.05μg/ml和0.25-0.5μg/ml之间,证明三代头孢对普通β-内酰胺酶有很好的抵抗作用。
    广谱β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦对鸡大肠标准菌株O78的最小抑菌浓度值为250μg/ml,表明舒巴坦对鸡大肠杆菌标准菌株无抑菌作用;但当舒巴坦与氨苄西林联合应用时,氨苄西林对那些对其已产生严重耐药性的猪鸡常见致病菌的最小抑菌浓度MIC值,由1000μg/ml降到25μg/ml,敏感性提高了40倍,且大部分耐药菌株重新转化为敏感菌株。说明是舒巴坦具有抑酶保护作用,扩大了氨苄西林的抗菌谱,增强了氨苄西林的抗菌活性。本论文结果结合成本和价格,兽医临床提倡舒巴坦与氨苄西林以1:4的配比使用。
    
    对临床分离株O78?许昌、O78?荥阳分别用三代头孢头孢曲松和头孢噻呋作底物,以亚抑菌浓度(头孢曲松0.0125μg/ml、头孢噻呋0.125μg/ml)诱导后,经检测确证产生了ESBLs。该结果说明,随着三代头孢的广泛应用,在兽医临床迟早会出现产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株,这应该引起临床用药注意。这些产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株,体外抑菌试验结果,仍表现出对三代头孢头孢曲松和头孢噻呋敏感,说明细菌对三代头孢的体外抑菌试验可能不反应其真实的敏感、耐药情况。
    舒巴坦对头孢曲松、头孢噻呋的抑酶保护作用试验中,ESBLs酶粗体液与头孢曲松和头孢噻呋作用1h后,对标准鸡大肠杆菌O78的MIC值有所下降,说明ESBLs能水解三代头孢,但MIC值仍≤2.0μg/ml,说明ESBLs菌株对三代头孢的体外抑菌试验,仍表现敏感。由头孢噻呋作底物诱导的菌株O78?许昌F,当菌体质量为0.284g时,舒巴坦与头孢曲松联用可使MIC值降低2倍,但当菌体质量增到0.3g时,舒巴坦的抑酶保护作用不明显。说明舒巴坦的抑酶保护作用与细菌产生的β-内酰胺酶量有关,当产酶量过大,舒巴坦的抑酶保护作用不能很好的得以发挥,而呈“类饱和”的现象。
In order to overcome drug resistance of theβ-lactamases producing bactera, in the paper, detection of β-lactamases in bactera from swine and avain and primary study for their inhibitor,sulbactam were done.At first, for the familiarβ-lactam antibiotics ,microbial sensitivity were carried out with two fold dilution methord. Further detection of the β-lactamases from the resisting-Ampicillin strains were done with different methods: Iodimetric analysis, Racinage and Nitrocefin-based test.At the same time, the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of sulbactam combining Ampillin to the β-lactamase producing strains were measured; Extendβ-lactamase(ESBLs) were prepared from the induced O78?许昌F和O78?荥阳R,which have been induced by Ceftiofur and Ceftriaxone respectively;the action of ESBLs hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics and sulbactam inhibiting ESBLs were observed in the last.
    The results of antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro showed that: the MICs of Cephalexin to the standard strains was in the range of 0.125-8μg/ml,to the clinical strains was 0.156-8μg/ml.It has the same susceptibility to the standard and clinical strains. The third Cephalosporin have potent activity against all kinds of clinical and standard strains: the MICs of Ceftriaxone to the bacteria were in the range of 0.00625-0.06μg/ml; Ceftiofur were 0.00625-0.8μg/ml.But to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin,the results were different ,most of clinical E.colis were resisted to them,the MICs were more than 500μg/ml.From the above ,we can draw the conclusion: bacterial resistance were related to the frequency of antibiotics used .Also, the third Cephalosporin can kill and inhibit clinical bacteria commendably.
    The results of the detection ofβ-lactamases indicated that the total clinical E.colis have Producedβ-lactamases. At the same time,combination of sulbactam with Amoxicillin,which can induce the MIC for twenty times from 500μg/ml to 12.5μg/ml.So we can say thatthe main cause of the resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics shoud be related to Producingβ-lactamases.
    Additionally ,the better proportion of sulbactam and Amoxicillin shoud be 1:4 in the veterinary
    
    
    clinic,if the cost were considerated.
    From the test,no one bacterium produced ESBLs currently,but it produced ESBLs after induced with the third Cephalosporin. We can infer that the clinical strains will produce ESBLs in the future ,with the use of the third Cephalosporin.But the results of microbial sensitivity in vitro were susceptibile to to the third Cephalosporin.In order to gain the best therapeutic effect ,we shoud detect the ESBLs first in the veterinary clinic.
引文
[1]倪语星.细菌耐药监测与抗生素治疗【M】,北京市复兴路22号甲3号,人民军医出版社,2001年,29页;
    [2]张致平.β-内酰胺环类抗生素研究的进展.[J].中国新药杂志,2002,11(1):61-67;
    [3]董宗祈 .β-内酰胺环类抗生素的耐药机制及儿科临床对策.[J].中国实用儿科杂志2002年3月第17卷第3期:140-142;
    [4]Li Xz,M a D,Live DM ,et al. Role of efflux pumps in intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:active efflux as a contributing factor to beta-lactam resistant bacteria.Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1994,38:1742-1752;
    [5]Phrlippon A,Dusart J,Joris B.The diversity,Strcture and regulation of beta—1actamases[JI.Cell Mol Life Sci,1998,54(4):341—346;
    [6]阎淑雅,李家泰. β-内酰胺酶在细菌耐药中的作用及开展β—内酰胺酶动力学研究的意义[J].中国抗生素杂志,1989,5(2):81-84;
    [7]Liver DM. β-lactamase in labortory and Clinical Microbiology Reviews,1995;8:557-584
    [8]Jacoby GA,ArcherGL.New mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agent JJ.Nengl MedB,1991,324(q):601;
    [9]Hamilton-Miler J M T.An historical introduction to belactamase.In βeta-lactamases(Hamilton-Miler J M T, Smith J T.eds).London:Academic Press,1979:1;
    [10]黎士能,王浴生等. β—内酰胺抗生素对革兰氏阴性菌β—内酰胺酶的诱导及意义。[J].国外医药抗生素分册,1595;
    [11]张春辉 胡功政. ?-内酰胺酶研究进展[J].信阳农业高等专科学报.2003;13(1):40~42;
    [12]Acar J F.Miuozzi C.Role of β-lactamase in the resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to β-lactam antibiotics[J].Rwv Infect Dis,1986,8(Suppl.5):483 ;
    [13] Wiedemann B.Kliebe C,Kresken M et al.The epidemiology of β-lactamase [J].J Antimicrob chemother,1989,24(Suppl B):1 ;
    [14]Williams JD. Βeta-lactam beta-lactamse inhibitors.Int J Antimicrob Agents,1999;12(Suppl,1)S3-7;
    [15] Akalin HE.The role of beta-lactam beta-lactanase inhibitors in the management of mixed infections.Int J Antimicrob Agents.1999;12(Suool.1)S15-20; [16]Maiti-SN;PhillipsOA;MicetichRG;LivermoreDM.Beta-lactamase inhibitors :agents to overcome bacterial resistance.Curr Med Chem,1998;5:441-456;
    
    [17] Amyes SGB,Miles RS.Extended spectrumβ-lactamases, the role of inhibitor in therapy.J Antimicrob Chemother,1998:42:415;
    [18]Schmalreck A F and Wildfeuer A In vitro activity against clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin,cefotaxime,mezlocillin and piperacillin.Drug Res,1990,40:1145-1155;
    [19]舒成仁,朱春华等.β—内酰胺环类抗生素的增效制剂[J] 中国医药学杂志2002年第22卷第1期:48-50;
    [20]郑卫β-内酰胺酶及其抑制剂的研究进展.国外医药抗生素分册2001年3月第22卷第2期:49~50;
    [21]戴自英 《临床抗菌药物学》1985年第一版, 人民卫生出版社;
    [22]阎正华 董亚琳β-内酰胺酶抑制剂及其复方制剂[J].中国医院药学杂志,1999年第19卷第3期 等;
    [23]张永龙 .李家泰. β-内酰胺酶抑制剂tazobactam与舒巴坦的比较研究.[J]中国抗生素杂志1997年第22卷第4期:287-293;
    [24]Englikh A.R.et al:CP-45899,a beta-lactamase inhibitor that extends the antibacterial spectrum of beta-lactamase:initial bacteriological characterization. [J].Antimicrob Ag Chemother 1978;14:414~419,1978;
    [25]Abraham EP β-酰胺酶回顾 J 国外医药抗生素分册,1992,13(6):418—424;
    [26]胡功政 张春辉β-内酰胺酶的分类与检测 J 中国兽药杂志 第37卷 2003(12):42~46;
    [27]张斌.β—内酰胺酶的分类学研究概述 J中国药业 2002年第11卷第11期 :67-70;
    [28]Matthew M,Harris AM.Identification of beta—lactamases hy analytical
    isoeletric focusing:correlation with bacterial taxonomy J Gen Microbiol Microbiol 1976,94(1):55-67;
    [29] Richmond MH,In adyances in microbial PhysiologyLJ].Edby A.H Roseand D.W TePest,1973,9:31—88;
    [30]PhiliPPon A,Arlet G,Jacoby GA.P1asmid—determined AmpCtype beta—lactamases LJI.Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2002,46(1):1一11;
    [31]Bush K.Mew beta—lactamases:a class aPart [J.Clin Infect Dis,1998,27(Suppl 1):548—553;
    [32]Bush K.New beta一1actamases in gram—negative bacteria:diversity and impact on the selection of andtimicrobial theraPy[J].Clin Infect Dis,2001,32(7):1085—1089;
    
    [33]Jacoby GA,Medeiros AA.More extended-spectrum beta-lactamases [J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1991,35:1697-1704;
    [34]Richmond MH:Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases suppl l980,25:11—16 ;
    [35]Ross Gw.et al:Beta一lactamase assays. In Methods in Enzymology Vol、43Antibioticsed by JH Hash, Academic Press Inc, New York P69—86 1975;
    [36]钱元恕,王其南等.β-内酰胺酶与细菌耐药性[J].中国抗生素杂志,1992,17(5):362-366;
    [37]Tsuji H,et aI:Chemotherapy 28:26—39;1982 3)Then RL:Chemotherapy:(SuppI.1)25—31;1981;
    [38] Medeiros AA:Brit.Med.Bu11.40:18 —27;1984;
    [39]impson [N,ct al:Antimicrob Ag Chemother 17:929—936;1980 15] Simpson IM et a1:J.Antimicrob Chemother 9:357-936;1980
    [40]CuIImann w,et aI:Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg(A)256:109一118;1983;
    [41]Then RL:Chemotherapy 27:(Suppl.1) 25—31;1981 [22];
    [42]Scully BE,et a1:Antimicrob Ag Chemother 23:907—913;1983 [23];
    [43]Then RL,et al: Antimicrob Ag Che mother 21:711一717; 1982;
    [44]Medeiros AA:Brit.Med.Bu11.40:18—27;1984;
    [45]倪语星.质粒介导的超广谱β-内酰胺酶的耐药问题及检测.中华医学检验杂志,1999,22增刊:19 ;
    [46]刘玢.产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检测及耐药性观察。 现代医药杂志 2002年第18卷第5期364-366;
    [47]Pankuch G A, Jacobs M R,Rittenbouse S F,et al.Susceptibilities of 123 strain s of Xanthomonas maltophilia to eight beta-lactams and ciprotfloxacin tested by five methods [J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1994,38:2317;
    [48]卓超,钱元恕等 金属β-内酰胺酶的研究进展[J].国外医药抗生素分册2003年1月第24卷第1期:12-17;
    [49]Schmalreck AF and Wildfeuer A.In vitro activity against clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin ,cefotaxime,mezocillin and piperacillin [J].Drug Res,1990,40:1145-1155;
    [50]陈东科,胡云建,张秀珍.哌拉西林/舒巴坦的药效学研究.[J].中国药学杂志 2002年7月第37卷第七期:517-521;
    [51]李耘,刘健等.头孢他啶/舒巴坦体外抗菌作用研究.[J].Chin J C lin Pharmacol Agust,2002,vol.18
    
    
    No.78;
    [52]张永龙、李家泰.舒巴坦与第三代头孢菌素联合对第三代头孢菌素耐药菌的体外抑菌作用研究.中国临床药理学杂志,2000;16:323-326;
    [53]王培兰,刘庆峰等。临床常见致病菌对美洛西林/舒巴坦等4种抗菌药物体外抗菌活性研究.[J].中华医院感染学杂志2001年第11卷第1期:15-17;
    [54]吕媛,李家泰等 β-内酰胺酶抑制剂与β-内酰胺类抗生素联合应用的抗菌作用评价[J].中国临床药理学评价,1998,14(1):53;
    [55]Livermore D.M.Determinants of the activity of β-lactamase inhibitor combinations[J].Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy ,1993,31,Suppl,A,9-21;
    [56]Frere J M,Quantitative relationship between sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase production gram-negrative bacteria -I sterdstate treaments[J].Biochem Pharmacol,1989,38,1415-1426;
    [57] Frere J.M,Joris B.Quantitiative relationship between sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase production gram-bacteria –IInon-steadstate treament and progress curves [J]Biochem Pharmacol,1989,38,1427-1433;
    [58]Liver DM,Corkill J E.Effect of CO2 and PH on inhibition of TEM-1 and other β-lactamases by penicillanic acid sulfone [J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1992,236,1870-1876;
    [59]Nikaido H.Role of permeability barrier in resistance to β-lactam antibiotics [J].Pharmacol Ther,1985,27,197-231;
    [60]陈新谦.金有豫主编,新编药物学,第十三版,北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:73-75;[61]Philippon A,Lacoby G,Extended-spectrum β-lactamases[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1979,15:171-176;
    [62]陈代杰、王鲁燕、戈梅等编著。抗菌药物学与细菌耐药性.上海市梅陇路130号;华东理工大学出版社 2001年11月第一版 82-83页;
    [63]胡功政 李敏等.β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦与氨苄西林联用的体内外抗菌作用研究[J].畜牧兽医学报.2002,33(4)389-394;
    [64]张自宽,彭名炜,沈中兴等编著,中国药品使用手册.北京海淀区文慧圆北路甲22号,中国医药科技出版社,1999年2月,第1版29页;
    [65]朱模忠 编著.兽药手册. 化 学 工 业 出 版 社;
    现代生物技术与医药科技出版中心 2002年第一版 ;
    [66]俞树荣,微生物和微生物检验,卫生出版社,1997;
    
    [67]卢中华,崔保安,兽医微生物,河南科技出版社,1996;
    [68]崔风珍,鹿梅花,微生物学检验,人民卫生出版社,1993;
    [69]扬春生,临床检验学,天津科学技术出版社,1997;
    [70]朱立平 陈学清主编 M 免疫学常用实验方法.北京市复兴路22号甲3号.人民军医出版社出版;
    [71]大学化学实验.高等教育出版社,北京市东城区沙滩后街55号;
    [72]殷震 刘景华主编. 动物病毒学 1997 北京科学出版社第二版;
    [73]赵旺胜等. 四种检测β-内酰胺酶方法的实验比较[J] 南京医科大学学报(中文版);
    [74]娄永新 临床细菌学检测与进展.第一版.天津:天津科技翻译出版公司 1992;
    [75]娄永新 .使用抗菌药物学检验与进展 .第一版 天津科技出翻译出版公司,1992;
    [76]屈毅.现代医用抗生素学 第一版.成都:四川科学出版社,1987;
    [77]Neu H C.Antibiotic inactivation enzymes and bacteria resistance . In: Lorian V ed.Antibiotic in laboratory medicine.2ed,Baltimore.1996:757;
    [78]周铁丽等.淋病耐瑟菌?-内酰胺酶的检测及耐药性分析[J].温州医学院报;
    [79]Li J T ,Moosdeen F.The effect of inhibitor of ?-lactamase on ?-lactamase extracts and in intact cells [J]. Antimicrob Chemother,1982;9:287~292;
    [80]李家泰. ?-内酰胺酶抑制剂对?-内酰胺酶提取物与产酶耐药菌的影响[J].北京医学院报,1982;14:195~200;
    [81]苏林光等. 次抑菌浓度的药物诱导细菌耐药与交叉耐药 [J].中国抗生素杂志 .1997年8月第22卷第4期;
    [82]张莹,张险峰等. 三种检测大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶的效果比较.[J] 苏州·医学院报2001;21(2):231-232;
    [83]Jarlier V, Nicolas MH,Fournier G,et al. Extended broadspectrum-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newre-lactam agents in Enterobacteraceae:hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns,Rev Infect Dis,1998,10:867-878;
    [84]李家泰.王彤等.临床分离耐药菌中超广谱β-内酰胺酶特性研究。[J].中国临床药理学杂志 1996;12(2):81-84 ;
    [85]杨敏.李家泰.头孢布烯与β-内酰胺酶作用特性研究.[J].Journal of beijing medical university Vol 31 No.2(Suppl) Apr.1999 ;
    [86]李家泰,穆?茀丽达等. β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对β-内酰胺酶提取物与产酶耐药菌的影响.[J].北京医学院学报1982年第14卷第三期:195-200;
    
    [87]吴培君等.青霉烷枫对?-内酰胺酶的抑制作用[J].中国抗生素杂志1988,13(4):257~261;
    [88]李耘等.不同配比哌拉西林、他唑巴坦对?-内酰胺酶稳定性与抑酶增效作用研究[J].中国临床药理学杂志,1998,14(2):113~120;
    [89]肖清华等.医院感染产酶革兰氏阴性杆菌?-内酰胺酶的分型研究[J].中国抗生素杂志1998,23(1);
    [90]阮良,徐秀华等.克雷伯氏菌?-内酰胺酶的测定及其与耐药质粒的关系[J].Chin J Nosocom iol Vol 7 No.2 1997;
    [91]NCCLS.Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing;ninth information standard M100-S9[M].Pennsylvania:NCCLS,1999,1-103;
    [92]谢囡等.中国抗生素杂志,13(4):252-256,1980; Wise R.et.al:J Antimicrob Chemother 6:197-206,1982;
    [93]李家泰,李铁英等.青霉烷砜对氨苄青霉素试验治疗的增效作用.[J].中国抗生素杂志 14(4):248-251,1988;
    [94]谢囡,李家泰等国产抑制剂青霉烷砜与青霉素类抗生素体外协同作用研究.[J].中国抗生素杂志13(4):252-256;
    [95]Jacoby GA , Medeiros AA. More extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother , 1991,35:1697-1704;
    [96]李金钟等.细菌耐药性检测在抗生素合理应用中的作用[J].现代中西医杂志2002,11(9):884~885;

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700