肉鸡中草药饲料添加剂的研制及其促生长机理的研究
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摘要
本论文针对目前抗生素等化学合成药物给人类身体健康、生态环境和我国畜牧业经济发展带来的严重负面影响，从我国的实际出发，利用我国中草药历史悠久、资源丰富、功能全面、毒副作用小、无残留的优势，以抗菌消炎、理气消食、益脾健胃、增强免疫为组方原则，研制了三种中草药饲料添加剂，在肉仔鸡日粮中分别以0.07%、0.09%、0.12%水平添加，并设一个对照组和两个抗生素组（加利健、杆菌肽锌）为对比，从中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能、血液指标、营养物质的利用、肠道菌群数量等方面的影响来探讨其应用效果与作用机理，筛选出添加效果好的方剂。研究结果表明：
肉仔鸡0～3周方Ⅰ0.09%添加组具有良好的促生长作用，3～6周方Ⅲ0.12%添加组具有良好的促生长效果，从全期来看，方Ⅲ0.12%添加组的防病促生长效果最佳，与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05)。
2、0～3周三种中草药方对血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM没有显著影响(P>0.05)。3～6周免疫球蛋白IgA除方Ⅰ0.09%添加组、方Ⅱ0.09%添加组与对照组和抗生素组差异显著外(P<0.05)，其它各组与对照组差异都不显著(P>.05)，IgM方Ⅰ0.12%添加组最高，与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)，与杆菌肽锌组差异显著(P<0.05)。
中草药组除21日龄方Ⅲ0.12%添加组对T4的影响显著外(P<0.05)，前后期对血清T3、T4、GH水平影响均不显著(P>.05)，其中GH的含量与生长速度呈相反趋势。
中草药组对TP含量前后期均有提高的作用，前期方Ⅰ0.09%添加组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),后期各组间差异均不显著(P>.05)。
0～3周三种中草药方对日粮代谢能、干物质和粗蛋白的代谢率均没有显著影响(P>0.05)，其中方Ⅲ0.12%添加组代谢能、干物质代谢率最好，方Ⅰ0.09%添加组粗蛋白代谢率最高；3～6周方Ⅲ0.12%添加组代谢能、干物质和粗蛋白代谢率最好，其中代谢能、干物质代谢率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)，粗蛋白代谢率没有显著影响(P>.05)。
三种中草药方对盲肠内大肠杆菌有一定的抑制作用，对乳酸杆菌有一定的增殖作用，但效果不显著(P>0.05)。
通过第二批肉鸡饲养试验，证实本试验研制的中草药添加剂具有良好的稳定性，方Ⅰ0.09%添加量与方Ⅲ0.12%添加量组合后取得了更好的促生长效果。
As antibiotic and other chemically synthesized drugs are being used excessively, with serious negative effects on human and animal health, ecology and environment protection, and on the development of Animal Husbandry in China, new medicine with none or less of these disadvantages is expected.
Chinese Herb enjoys the reputation of long history as a kind of excellent medicine, with the advantages of abundant natural sources, overall functions, less poisonous or negative effects, none-residue in animal body etc. Based on the principles of diminishing inflammation, stimulating digestion, and increasing immunology function, 3 kinds of Chinese Herb Additives(CHAs) were prepared as Prescription Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ, with 3 levels (0.07%, 0.09% and 0.12% in diet) in each prescription. At the same time, a control group and 2 antibiotic groups were used as comparison.
Experiments were conducted to study the effects of CHAs on broiler chickens’ performance, blood indices, bacteria population in digestive tract, the efficiency of additives, and the possible mechanism of above-mentioned effects. The result shows as follows:
PⅠ(0.09%)additive has satisfactory growth-stimulating function at 0-3 week, while PⅢ(0.12%)has better growth-stimulating effect at 3-6 week. PⅢ(0.12%)has the best effect on growth-stimulating and disease control at 0-6 week, which has no significantly differences with that of antibiotic group(P>0.05).
CHAs have no apparent effect on IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in serum of broiler’s at 0-3 week (P>0.05). IgA concentration is significantly higher in both PⅠ(0.09%) and in PⅡ(0.09%) additive than control group and 2 antibiotic groups(P<0.05), while other additives have no differences compared with that of control group. IgM concentration is highest when PⅠ(0.12%) is added,which has no difference compared with control group (P>0.05), but is significantly higher one of antibiotic groups(P<0.05).
CHAs have no apparent effect on broiler chickens' serum T3, T4 and GH concentrations at 21d and 42d, except that PⅢ(0.12%)significantly affects T4 concentration at 21d(P<0.05). In addition, the GH concentration has opposite tendency with growth rate when added CHAs.
CHAs increase TP concentration during 0-3 week and 3-6 week; PⅠ(0.09%)
significantly increases TP concentration (P<0.05) at 0-3 week, while all the CHAs groups have no apparently differences(P>0.05)at 3-6 week, compared with that of control group.
CHAs do not apparently change the metabolizable energy, metabolic rates of DM and CP at 0-3 week (P>0.05). The metabolizable energy and the metabolic rate of DM are best when PⅢ(0.12%)is added in the diet during this stage. While the metabolic rate of CP is the highest when PⅠ(0.09%) is added at 0-3 week.
The metabolizable energy,the metabolic rates of DM and CP are the highest when PⅢ (0.12%) is added in the diet at 3-6 week. During this stage, The metabolizable energy ,the metabolic rate of DM are significantly different compared with that of control group (P<0.05), while that of CP is insignificantly different from control group (P>0.05),when PⅢ (0.12%) is added in the diet.
CHAs have inhibition effect on E coli. to some degree, and have growth-stimulating effect on lactobacillus ,but are insignificant(P>0.05).
CHAs have good stability, as verified by feeding experiment of the 2nd batch. The combination of PⅠ(0.09%) and PⅢ(0.12%) have better growth-stimulating effect on broiler chickens.
肉仔鸡0～3周方Ⅰ0.09%添加组具有良好的促生长作用，3～6周方Ⅲ0.12%添加组具有良好的促生长效果，从全期来看，方Ⅲ0.12%添加组的防病促生长效果最佳，与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05)。
2、0～3周三种中草药方对血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM没有显著影响(P>0.05)。3～6周免疫球蛋白IgA除方Ⅰ0.09%添加组、方Ⅱ0.09%添加组与对照组和抗生素组差异显著外(P<0.05)，其它各组与对照组差异都不显著(P>.05)，IgM方Ⅰ0.12%添加组最高，与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)，与杆菌肽锌组差异显著(P<0.05)。
中草药组除21日龄方Ⅲ0.12%添加组对T4的影响显著外(P<0.05)，前后期对血清T3、T4、GH水平影响均不显著(P>.05)，其中GH的含量与生长速度呈相反趋势。
中草药组对TP含量前后期均有提高的作用，前期方Ⅰ0.09%添加组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),后期各组间差异均不显著(P>.05)。
0～3周三种中草药方对日粮代谢能、干物质和粗蛋白的代谢率均没有显著影响(P>0.05)，其中方Ⅲ0.12%添加组代谢能、干物质代谢率最好，方Ⅰ0.09%添加组粗蛋白代谢率最高；3～6周方Ⅲ0.12%添加组代谢能、干物质和粗蛋白代谢率最好，其中代谢能、干物质代谢率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)，粗蛋白代谢率没有显著影响(P>.05)。
三种中草药方对盲肠内大肠杆菌有一定的抑制作用，对乳酸杆菌有一定的增殖作用，但效果不显著(P>0.05)。
通过第二批肉鸡饲养试验，证实本试验研制的中草药添加剂具有良好的稳定性，方Ⅰ0.09%添加量与方Ⅲ0.12%添加量组合后取得了更好的促生长效果。
As antibiotic and other chemically synthesized drugs are being used excessively, with serious negative effects on human and animal health, ecology and environment protection, and on the development of Animal Husbandry in China, new medicine with none or less of these disadvantages is expected.
Chinese Herb enjoys the reputation of long history as a kind of excellent medicine, with the advantages of abundant natural sources, overall functions, less poisonous or negative effects, none-residue in animal body etc. Based on the principles of diminishing inflammation, stimulating digestion, and increasing immunology function, 3 kinds of Chinese Herb Additives(CHAs) were prepared as Prescription Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ, with 3 levels (0.07%, 0.09% and 0.12% in diet) in each prescription. At the same time, a control group and 2 antibiotic groups were used as comparison.
Experiments were conducted to study the effects of CHAs on broiler chickens’ performance, blood indices, bacteria population in digestive tract, the efficiency of additives, and the possible mechanism of above-mentioned effects. The result shows as follows:
PⅠ(0.09%)additive has satisfactory growth-stimulating function at 0-3 week, while PⅢ(0.12%)has better growth-stimulating effect at 3-6 week. PⅢ(0.12%)has the best effect on growth-stimulating and disease control at 0-6 week, which has no significantly differences with that of antibiotic group(P>0.05).
CHAs have no apparent effect on IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in serum of broiler’s at 0-3 week (P>0.05). IgA concentration is significantly higher in both PⅠ(0.09%) and in PⅡ(0.09%) additive than control group and 2 antibiotic groups(P<0.05), while other additives have no differences compared with that of control group. IgM concentration is highest when PⅠ(0.12%) is added,which has no difference compared with control group (P>0.05), but is significantly higher one of antibiotic groups(P<0.05).
CHAs have no apparent effect on broiler chickens' serum T3, T4 and GH concentrations at 21d and 42d, except that PⅢ(0.12%)significantly affects T4 concentration at 21d(P<0.05). In addition, the GH concentration has opposite tendency with growth rate when added CHAs.
CHAs increase TP concentration during 0-3 week and 3-6 week; PⅠ(0.09%)
significantly increases TP concentration (P<0.05) at 0-3 week, while all the CHAs groups have no apparently differences(P>0.05)at 3-6 week, compared with that of control group.
CHAs do not apparently change the metabolizable energy, metabolic rates of DM and CP at 0-3 week (P>0.05). The metabolizable energy and the metabolic rate of DM are best when PⅢ(0.12%)is added in the diet during this stage. While the metabolic rate of CP is the highest when PⅠ(0.09%) is added at 0-3 week.
The metabolizable energy,the metabolic rates of DM and CP are the highest when PⅢ (0.12%) is added in the diet at 3-6 week. During this stage, The metabolizable energy ,the metabolic rate of DM are significantly different compared with that of control group (P<0.05), while that of CP is insignificantly different from control group (P>0.05),when PⅢ (0.12%) is added in the diet.
CHAs have inhibition effect on E coli. to some degree, and have growth-stimulating effect on lactobacillus ,but are insignificant(P>0.05).
CHAs have good stability, as verified by feeding experiment of the 2nd batch. The combination of PⅠ(0.09%) and PⅢ(0.12%) have better growth-stimulating effect on broiler chickens.
引文
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