钢质管道内腐蚀剩余强度评价的数值研究
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摘要
管道运输一直是石油运输的重要方式。大量的管道长期埋置地下,受到内在和外来诸多因素的破坏,随着埋地长输管线服役年限的增加,管线腐蚀情况越来越严重。而石油管材破坏失效的主要原因是内腐蚀,占管道失效事故的30%～50%。因此对内腐蚀管线的剩余强度预测技术进行研究对于制定管线的运行、维修、更换等决策具有重要的意义。
首先,本文阐述了管道腐蚀机理和剩余强度评价的历史背景、发展情况,系统地总结了各种管道腐蚀剩余强度评价方法,以及它们的优缺点。
其次,用有限元方法对内腐蚀管道的剩余强度进行了分析评估。分析采用了线弹性有限元模型,考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性,采用了线弹性-线性加工强化模型和Bin Fu失效准则,得到了不同腐蚀尺寸对极限荷载的影响以及管壁缺陷处的应力分布状态,以及随内压改变而变化的应力应变图。同时利用Matlab、SPSS数据处理软件对所得的最大内压进行非线性最小二乘估算法的回归分析,拟合出了一个轴向内腐蚀极限荷载的回归方程,并把有限元分析的结果和现在的准则进行比较。研究表明用回归方程得出的轴向内腐蚀极限荷载与有限元结果比较接近,在一定程度上克服了B31G准则的保守性,说明拟合得出的回归方程具有一定的精确度。
再次,以内腐蚀管道最大极限压力为评价出发点,提出内腐蚀缺陷剩余强度评价的分级评价方法,建立了管道腐蚀缺陷的多级评价体系。以局部腐蚀管线为例,对腐蚀缺陷进行分级评价。
Pipeline transportation is the important way of petroleum transportation all long. Most of pipelines are embedded in the underground; they are damaged by factors of inner and outer. With the increase of service year of long transportation underground pipeline, pipelines corrosion has become more and more serious. However, the prime reason in failure factors of pipeline is the internal corrosion which reaches to 30%~50% in the pipeline failure. So the study for the pipelines residual strength of corroded pipelines has important significance for the decision-making of the function, servicing and replacing of the pipelines.
Firstly, this paper sets forth in brief the background and development of the residual strength assessment technology and the theory of corroded pipeline, summarizes various assessment methods of corroded pipeline as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
Secondly, the Finite Element was performed on the assessment and study of residual strength of corroded pipeline. Liner-elastic finite element is adopted. Geometrical nonlinearity and material nonlinearity is considered by using linear elastic-linearity hardening mode and Bin Fu failure criterion. The influences of the limit load of pipeline which various corrosion sizes and stress distribution status at the defect of pipeline is obtained. The figure of strain and stress with the inner-pressure is obtained. At the same time, the largest inner-pressure is analyzed with the non-liner least square estimation method by MATLAB and SPSS software. And a fitted multiple regression equation on the limit load of pipeline with axial internal corrosion is deduced. The result of Finite Element Analysis and that of existed criteria are compared. The study indicate that the results of the limit load of the pipeline corroded inside in one axes that are calculated by the fitted multiple regression equation are almost equal to the results by the finite element method. And the conservative of the criterion B31G is conquered in a certain extent. Forecasted results are parallel with the results of finite element method and are accurate.
Finally, taking the maximum allowing operation pressure (MAOP) as assessment rule the new method of the residual strength assessment of various inside corrosion is put forward .The multilevel assessment system of corrosion defects is established. Taking local corroded pipeline for example, evaluate the corrosion defects by classification.
首先,本文阐述了管道腐蚀机理和剩余强度评价的历史背景、发展情况,系统地总结了各种管道腐蚀剩余强度评价方法,以及它们的优缺点。
其次,用有限元方法对内腐蚀管道的剩余强度进行了分析评估。分析采用了线弹性有限元模型,考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性,采用了线弹性-线性加工强化模型和Bin Fu失效准则,得到了不同腐蚀尺寸对极限荷载的影响以及管壁缺陷处的应力分布状态,以及随内压改变而变化的应力应变图。同时利用Matlab、SPSS数据处理软件对所得的最大内压进行非线性最小二乘估算法的回归分析,拟合出了一个轴向内腐蚀极限荷载的回归方程,并把有限元分析的结果和现在的准则进行比较。研究表明用回归方程得出的轴向内腐蚀极限荷载与有限元结果比较接近,在一定程度上克服了B31G准则的保守性,说明拟合得出的回归方程具有一定的精确度。
再次,以内腐蚀管道最大极限压力为评价出发点,提出内腐蚀缺陷剩余强度评价的分级评价方法,建立了管道腐蚀缺陷的多级评价体系。以局部腐蚀管线为例,对腐蚀缺陷进行分级评价。
Pipeline transportation is the important way of petroleum transportation all long. Most of pipelines are embedded in the underground; they are damaged by factors of inner and outer. With the increase of service year of long transportation underground pipeline, pipelines corrosion has become more and more serious. However, the prime reason in failure factors of pipeline is the internal corrosion which reaches to 30%~50% in the pipeline failure. So the study for the pipelines residual strength of corroded pipelines has important significance for the decision-making of the function, servicing and replacing of the pipelines.
Firstly, this paper sets forth in brief the background and development of the residual strength assessment technology and the theory of corroded pipeline, summarizes various assessment methods of corroded pipeline as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
Secondly, the Finite Element was performed on the assessment and study of residual strength of corroded pipeline. Liner-elastic finite element is adopted. Geometrical nonlinearity and material nonlinearity is considered by using linear elastic-linearity hardening mode and Bin Fu failure criterion. The influences of the limit load of pipeline which various corrosion sizes and stress distribution status at the defect of pipeline is obtained. The figure of strain and stress with the inner-pressure is obtained. At the same time, the largest inner-pressure is analyzed with the non-liner least square estimation method by MATLAB and SPSS software. And a fitted multiple regression equation on the limit load of pipeline with axial internal corrosion is deduced. The result of Finite Element Analysis and that of existed criteria are compared. The study indicate that the results of the limit load of the pipeline corroded inside in one axes that are calculated by the fitted multiple regression equation are almost equal to the results by the finite element method. And the conservative of the criterion B31G is conquered in a certain extent. Forecasted results are parallel with the results of finite element method and are accurate.
Finally, taking the maximum allowing operation pressure (MAOP) as assessment rule the new method of the residual strength assessment of various inside corrosion is put forward .The multilevel assessment system of corrosion defects is established. Taking local corroded pipeline for example, evaluate the corrosion defects by classification.
引文
[1] 曲慎扬.原油管道工程[M].北京:石油土业出版社,1991.
[2] 王玉梅.国外大然气管道事故分析[J].油气储运.2000,19(7):510.
[3] 俞蓉蓉.地下金属管道的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[4] 光明日报第一版[N].1996年3月20日.
[5]〔苏〕萨阿基杨.油气田设备腐蚀[M].石油工业出版社,1988.
[6] 陆柱.油田水处理技术[M].石油工业出版社,1990.
[7] 魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及其应用[M].化学工业出版社,1984.
[8] 刘永辉.金属腐蚀学原理[M].航空工业出版社,1993.
[9] John F.Kiefer,Partrick H,Vieth.New method corrects criterrion for evaluating corrode pipe[J],Oi1&Gas Journa1,1990,88:56~59.
[10] 蔡文军,陈国明,潘东民.腐蚀管线剩余强度评估的研究进展[J].石油机械.1999,27(11):47～49.
[11] Miline R A insworth A,Dowling AR,et al.Assessment of the Integrity of Structures C omtaining Defects(Centural Electricity Generating Board Report R/H/R6-rv3)[J].Int J Pressure Vessels and Piping 1988,32:3~104.
[12] Ahammed M.Prediction of remaining strength of corroded pressureied piielines[J].Int J P resm Ves & pipig,1977,122;655~659.
[13] Huang WL Failure assessment diagram(FAD)for 1-11mixed –mode crack structure biaxial loading[J].Int J Pres,Ves & Piping,1996,69:53~58.
[14] Wang WQ.on the probabilities failure assessment diagram[J].Int J Pres,Ves & Piping,1999,76,653~662.
[15] Krithtyr P.Improvements to surface cracked pipe Jestimation schemes[J].Int Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2000,3:561~565.
[16] Recommended Practice For Fitness-For-Service[S],ISSUE6,API-579(1997)适用牲评价推荐.
[17] Reeommended Practice For Fitness-For-Service[S],ISSUE6,API-579(2000)服役适应性.
[18] 张平生.美国材料性能委员会(MPC)在适用性评价研究中的进展[J].石油专用管.1996 ( 4 ):36～41.
[19] Wang Y S.An flastic limt criterion for the remaining strength of corroded pipe[C].ASME OMAE 10th Int.Conf.Off. Mech. ArcticEngrg,Stavanger, Norway,1991,5:179~186.
[20] Chouchaoui B A ,Pick R J. Behaviour of longitudinally aligned corrosionpits. Int .J. Pres. Ves.&Piping,1996, 67:17~35.
[21] Stewart G, Klever F J, An analytical model to predict the capacity of pipeline[C].ASME OMAE 13th Int. Conf.Off .Mech. Arctic Ener.Houston.1994,5:177~188.
[22] Mok D H B, Pick R J Glover R G.Behavior of line pipe with longexternal corrosion[J] . Mat. Performance,1990,29(5):75~79.
[23] Fu,Jones.Failure of spiral corrosion in linepipe[C].ASME OMAE 13th Int. Conf. Off . Mech. Arctic Engr.Houston,1994,5:1~8.
[24] 赵新伟,罗金恒,路民旭.含腐蚀缺陷管道剩余强度的有限元分析[J].油气储运.2001,20(3):18～21.
[25] Klever F J,Stewart G,Vander A C.New developments in burst strength predictions for locally corroded pipeline[C].ASME OMAE 14th Int. Conf. Off. Mech.Arctic engr. Houston,1995,5:161~173.
[26] OrisamoluR,Liu Q,Chernuka M W. Probabilistic residual strength assessment of corroded pipeline[C].5th Int, Soc,off.&polar Eng;Conf. Hague, Neth,1995, 4:21~26.
[27] 蔡文军,陈国明,潘东民,赵学年.腐蚀管线可靠性的研究[J].石油机械,2000,28(3):25-28.
[28]帅健.油气管道可靠性的极限状态设计方法[J].石油规划设计.2001,l3(1):18-21.
[29] 含缺陷油气输送管道剩余强度评价方法——第1部分:体积型缺陷[S].国家石油和化学工业部,2000,10(1).
[30] 钢制压力容器一分析设计标准[S].国家石油和化学工业部,1995.
[31] ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS Elements Reference release 6.0[S].ANSYS, Inc. 2001.
[32] 姜晋庆等.结构弹塑有限元分析法[M].北京:宇航出版社.1990:3～28.
[33] 冯耀荣,鹤林.气管道失效抗力指标与技术要求的探讨[J].石油学报.1999,20(5): 61～63.
[34] 陈惠发,萨里普 A F.弹性与塑性力学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[35] 张志涌.精通 MATLAB6.5 版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[36] 王仁.塑性力学引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1980.
[37] 徐秉业.塑性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[38] Bin Fu , Mike G Kirkwood. Predicting Failure Pressure ofInternally Corroded Pipeline Using the Finite Element Method[C]. ASME OMAE 13th International Conference of Mechanic Arctic Engineering , Houston , 1995.
[39] 输油管道工程设计规范[S].中国计划出版社.2003,9
[40] 李如忠.蒸汽发生炉管可靠性研究[D].西南石油学院图书馆,2000,8
[2] 王玉梅.国外大然气管道事故分析[J].油气储运.2000,19(7):510.
[3] 俞蓉蓉.地下金属管道的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[4] 光明日报第一版[N].1996年3月20日.
[5]〔苏〕萨阿基杨.油气田设备腐蚀[M].石油工业出版社,1988.
[6] 陆柱.油田水处理技术[M].石油工业出版社,1990.
[7] 魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及其应用[M].化学工业出版社,1984.
[8] 刘永辉.金属腐蚀学原理[M].航空工业出版社,1993.
[9] John F.Kiefer,Partrick H,Vieth.New method corrects criterrion for evaluating corrode pipe[J],Oi1&Gas Journa1,1990,88:56~59.
[10] 蔡文军,陈国明,潘东民.腐蚀管线剩余强度评估的研究进展[J].石油机械.1999,27(11):47～49.
[11] Miline R A insworth A,Dowling AR,et al.Assessment of the Integrity of Structures C omtaining Defects(Centural Electricity Generating Board Report R/H/R6-rv3)[J].Int J Pressure Vessels and Piping 1988,32:3~104.
[12] Ahammed M.Prediction of remaining strength of corroded pressureied piielines[J].Int J P resm Ves & pipig,1977,122;655~659.
[13] Huang WL Failure assessment diagram(FAD)for 1-11mixed –mode crack structure biaxial loading[J].Int J Pres,Ves & Piping,1996,69:53~58.
[14] Wang WQ.on the probabilities failure assessment diagram[J].Int J Pres,Ves & Piping,1999,76,653~662.
[15] Krithtyr P.Improvements to surface cracked pipe Jestimation schemes[J].Int Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2000,3:561~565.
[16] Recommended Practice For Fitness-For-Service[S],ISSUE6,API-579(1997)适用牲评价推荐.
[17] Reeommended Practice For Fitness-For-Service[S],ISSUE6,API-579(2000)服役适应性.
[18] 张平生.美国材料性能委员会(MPC)在适用性评价研究中的进展[J].石油专用管.1996 ( 4 ):36～41.
[19] Wang Y S.An flastic limt criterion for the remaining strength of corroded pipe[C].ASME OMAE 10th Int.Conf.Off. Mech. ArcticEngrg,Stavanger, Norway,1991,5:179~186.
[20] Chouchaoui B A ,Pick R J. Behaviour of longitudinally aligned corrosionpits. Int .J. Pres. Ves.&Piping,1996, 67:17~35.
[21] Stewart G, Klever F J, An analytical model to predict the capacity of pipeline[C].ASME OMAE 13th Int. Conf.Off .Mech. Arctic Ener.Houston.1994,5:177~188.
[22] Mok D H B, Pick R J Glover R G.Behavior of line pipe with longexternal corrosion[J] . Mat. Performance,1990,29(5):75~79.
[23] Fu,Jones.Failure of spiral corrosion in linepipe[C].ASME OMAE 13th Int. Conf. Off . Mech. Arctic Engr.Houston,1994,5:1~8.
[24] 赵新伟,罗金恒,路民旭.含腐蚀缺陷管道剩余强度的有限元分析[J].油气储运.2001,20(3):18～21.
[25] Klever F J,Stewart G,Vander A C.New developments in burst strength predictions for locally corroded pipeline[C].ASME OMAE 14th Int. Conf. Off. Mech.Arctic engr. Houston,1995,5:161~173.
[26] OrisamoluR,Liu Q,Chernuka M W. Probabilistic residual strength assessment of corroded pipeline[C].5th Int, Soc,off.&polar Eng;Conf. Hague, Neth,1995, 4:21~26.
[27] 蔡文军,陈国明,潘东民,赵学年.腐蚀管线可靠性的研究[J].石油机械,2000,28(3):25-28.
[28]帅健.油气管道可靠性的极限状态设计方法[J].石油规划设计.2001,l3(1):18-21.
[29] 含缺陷油气输送管道剩余强度评价方法——第1部分:体积型缺陷[S].国家石油和化学工业部,2000,10(1).
[30] 钢制压力容器一分析设计标准[S].国家石油和化学工业部,1995.
[31] ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS Elements Reference release 6.0[S].ANSYS, Inc. 2001.
[32] 姜晋庆等.结构弹塑有限元分析法[M].北京:宇航出版社.1990:3～28.
[33] 冯耀荣,鹤林.气管道失效抗力指标与技术要求的探讨[J].石油学报.1999,20(5): 61～63.
[34] 陈惠发,萨里普 A F.弹性与塑性力学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[35] 张志涌.精通 MATLAB6.5 版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[36] 王仁.塑性力学引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1980.
[37] 徐秉业.塑性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[38] Bin Fu , Mike G Kirkwood. Predicting Failure Pressure ofInternally Corroded Pipeline Using the Finite Element Method[C]. ASME OMAE 13th International Conference of Mechanic Arctic Engineering , Houston , 1995.
[39] 输油管道工程设计规范[S].中国计划出版社.2003,9
[40] 李如忠.蒸汽发生炉管可靠性研究[D].西南石油学院图书馆,2000,8