大跨索膜结构的找形计算
摘要
本文主要研究了张拉式索膜结构的找形问题。具体的工作如下：(1)在查阅大量文献的基础上，对张拉式索膜结构的历史、现状和它的发展作了比较详细的论述，认真分析了国内在索膜结构设计和计算上的现状。(2)对应用国际上比较流行的力密度法对索膜结构进行找形分析的问题进行了一系列的理论推导，得出了相关的公式。(3)对应用力密度法找形的基本公式进行了一系列的等价变换，得出了更加适合于程序编制的结果。并且，根据理论推导的结果，应用Digital Visual FORTRAN 5.0编制了对索膜结构进行找形分析的力密度法计算程序。(4)对几个比较典型的张拉式索膜结构进行了详细的算例分析，并且将找形结果的数据文件用第三方程序Gedein.exe显示出了图形。算例分析的结果表明了本文所编制的程序的正确性和实用性。
In this thesis, the form-finding analysis of tensile cable-membrane structures is studied primarily. The emphases are put upon as follows:
(1) Under the ground of plentiful documentation, the history, the current situation and the development of the tensile cable-membrane structure are examined, and the current situation of domestic engineers when designing and calculating it is considered in detail.
(2) The theory of the form-finding analysis of the cable-membrane structure with the force density method is deduced explicitly and corresponding formulae are obtained.
(3) Based on the formulae obtained above, a series of theoretically equivalent form transformation is done, and the results which are more suit for programming are acquired. According to that, the calculation program of the form-finding analysis of cable-membrane structures using the force density method is composed on the platform of Digital Visual FORTRAN 5.0.
(4) The detailed example analyses are done. on several typical tensile cable-membrane structures, and the corresponding result data are shown as figures by using the data-processing software-Gedein.exe. The consequence of the example analyses proves the correctness and the usefulness of the program given by this paper.
In this thesis, the form-finding analysis of tensile cable-membrane structures is studied primarily. The emphases are put upon as follows:
(1) Under the ground of plentiful documentation, the history, the current situation and the development of the tensile cable-membrane structure are examined, and the current situation of domestic engineers when designing and calculating it is considered in detail.
(2) The theory of the form-finding analysis of the cable-membrane structure with the force density method is deduced explicitly and corresponding formulae are obtained.
(3) Based on the formulae obtained above, a series of theoretically equivalent form transformation is done, and the results which are more suit for programming are acquired. According to that, the calculation program of the form-finding analysis of cable-membrane structures using the force density method is composed on the platform of Digital Visual FORTRAN 5.0.
(4) The detailed example analyses are done. on several typical tensile cable-membrane structures, and the corresponding result data are shown as figures by using the data-processing software-Gedein.exe. The consequence of the example analyses proves the correctness and the usefulness of the program given by this paper.
引文
[1] 沈世钊，膜结构发展讯速的新型空间结构，哈尔滨建筑大学学报 32(2)：11-15，1999
[2] 蓝天，膜结构的发展及其在中国的应用前景，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：291-298，1996
[3] 蓝天，膜结构-成就问题与展望，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：27-34，1998
[4] 那向谦，张拉索膜结构体系的发展，世界建筑1993年第3期：66-69
[5] 蓝天，郭璐等，膜材力学特性的试验研究，全国第七届空间结构会议论文集：392-397，1994
[6] 郭璐，蓝天，膜结构的初始形状判定与静力分析及其模型试验研究，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：384-391，1996
[7] 叶小兵，李中立，吴健生，用曲面有限元建立的膜结构分析理论，建筑结构学报9(5)：17-21，1998
[8] 李中立，吴健生等，膜结构找形受荷与裁剪分析，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：299-304，1996
[9] 卢伟煌，悬索结构的初始状态判定和静力分析，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：221-226，1996
[10] 马政纲，罗尧治，索膜结构形态分析的力密度法，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：342-348，1998
[11] 杨维国，徐国宾，薄膜结构的找形分析研究，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：273-280，1998
[12] 黄世敏，魏琏等，具有索加强的张拉膜结构的找形分析方法，空间结构5(4)：22-26，1999
[13] 向阳，李君，沈世钊，薄膜结构的初始形态设计分析，空间结构5(3)：19-27，1999
[14] 胡宇峰等，张力膜结构的比拟找形方法，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：456-461，1998
[15] 聂世华等，张力膜的等效结点力裁剪方法，第九届空间结构会议论文集：462-468，1998
[16] 向阳，沈世钊，薄膜结构的实用剪裁设计方法，空间结构5(2)：46-50，1999
[17] 郭璐，蓝天，张拉结构初始儿何曲面的确定，第六届结构学术会议论文集，1992
[18] 朱思荣，联邦德国体育建筑的发展趋向，第四届空间结构会议论文集，1988．7，成都，pp218-222
[19] H. J. Schek, The Force Density Method for Form-finding and Computation of General Network, Comp Mech in Appl. Mech and Engr. 3(1974)pp115-134
[20] L. Grundig and J.Bahndorf, The Design of Wide-Span Roof Structures Using Microcomputers, Computers & Structures Vol.30,1988,pp495-501
[21] L. Grundig, Minimal Structure for Finding Forms of Structure membrane, Computers & Structures, Vol.3,1988,pp679-683
[22] L. Grundig, L.Ekert and Moncrieff, Geodesic and Semi-Geodesic Line Algoritmns for Cutting Pattern Generation of Architectural Textile Structure, Proc. Of Asia-Pacific Conf. On Shell and Spatial Structures, Beijing, 1996.5
[23] Linkwitz, K., Grondig, L., Bahndorf, J., etc., Optimizing the Shape of the Roof of Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Strc. Engr. Review 1(1988) pp225-232
[24] Moncrief, E., and Topping, B.H.V., Computer Method for the generation of Membrane Cutting Pattern, Computers & Structures, 37 (1990) pp-441-450
[25] K. Suguzaki, Structural Design of A Permanent Air-Supported Dome, Proceeding IASS symposium, Osaka, 1986, Vol. 32, pp233-240
[26] N. K. Srivastava, etc., Winding Tunnel Study of a Flexible Membrane Structure, 3rd Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guildford, 1984,9 pp785-790
[27] Craig G. Huntington, Fabric Roof Design Respond to New Technologies, Spatial, Lattice, Tension Structures,pp674-683, 1994
[28] D. H. Geiger, The Design and Construction of Two Cable Domes for Korea Olympics, Shell, Membranes and Space Frames, Proc. IASS Symp., Vol.2, 1986
[29] M. Levy, The Innovation of Lightness, IASS Bulletin, Vol.35,No,115,1994
[30] M. Levy, Hyper-Tensigrity Dome, Proc. Int. Conf. Sports Architecture, 1990
[31] M. Levy, The Georgia Dome and Beyond Achieving Light-Weight Longspan Structures, Proc. IASS-ASCE Int. Symp., 1994
[32] A. Hanaor, Developments in Tensigrity System: An Overview, Proc. Space Structures 4, Vol. 1, 1993
[33] M. R. Barnes, Form-finding and Analysis of Prestressed Nets and Membranes, Computers & Structures, Vol.30, No.3, 1988． pp685-689
[34] M. R. Barnes, Form-finding, Analysis and Patterning of Tensile structures, 3rd. Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guilford, September, 1984, pp730-736
[35] M. R. Barnes, Prestressed Cable Networks, Construction Research and Development Journal, Vol. 31, 1971
[36] M. R. Barnes, Application of Dynamic Relaxation to the Design and Analysis of Cable, Membrane and Pneumatic structures, 2nd. Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guildford, 1975
[37] M. R. Barnes, Nonlinear Numerical Solution Methods for Static and
Dynamic Relaxation, IL Publication No. 15, 1982, pp 150-166
[38] A.S. Day, An Introduction to dynamic Relaxation, The engineers, Jan. 29, 1965
[39] A. S. Day, J. H. Bunce, Analysis of Cable Networks by Dynamic Relaxation, Civil Engineer and Public Review, (4) 1970, pp383-386
[40] F. Otto, Tensile Structures, Vol. 1, Cambridge, 1973
[41] R·W·克拉夫 J·彭津著，王光远等译，结构动力学，科学出版社，1985
[42] 谭浩强，田淑消，FORTRAN语言—FORTRAN77结构化程序设计，清华大学出版社，1985
[43] 邓巍巍，王越南，Visual FORTRAN编程指南，人民邮电出版社，2000
[44] 王福明，贺正辉，索瑾，应用数值计算方法，科学出版社，1992
[45] Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers, McGrew-Hill. 1998
[2] 蓝天，膜结构的发展及其在中国的应用前景，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：291-298，1996
[3] 蓝天，膜结构-成就问题与展望，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：27-34，1998
[4] 那向谦，张拉索膜结构体系的发展，世界建筑1993年第3期：66-69
[5] 蓝天，郭璐等，膜材力学特性的试验研究，全国第七届空间结构会议论文集：392-397，1994
[6] 郭璐，蓝天，膜结构的初始形状判定与静力分析及其模型试验研究，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：384-391，1996
[7] 叶小兵，李中立，吴健生，用曲面有限元建立的膜结构分析理论，建筑结构学报9(5)：17-21，1998
[8] 李中立，吴健生等，膜结构找形受荷与裁剪分析，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：299-304，1996
[9] 卢伟煌，悬索结构的初始状态判定和静力分析，全国第八届空间结构会议论文集：221-226，1996
[10] 马政纲，罗尧治，索膜结构形态分析的力密度法，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：342-348，1998
[11] 杨维国，徐国宾，薄膜结构的找形分析研究，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：273-280，1998
[12] 黄世敏，魏琏等，具有索加强的张拉膜结构的找形分析方法，空间结构5(4)：22-26，1999
[13] 向阳，李君，沈世钊，薄膜结构的初始形态设计分析，空间结构5(3)：19-27，1999
[14] 胡宇峰等，张力膜结构的比拟找形方法，全国第九届空间结构会议论文集：456-461，1998
[15] 聂世华等，张力膜的等效结点力裁剪方法，第九届空间结构会议论文集：462-468，1998
[16] 向阳，沈世钊，薄膜结构的实用剪裁设计方法，空间结构5(2)：46-50，1999
[17] 郭璐，蓝天，张拉结构初始儿何曲面的确定，第六届结构学术会议论文集，1992
[18] 朱思荣，联邦德国体育建筑的发展趋向，第四届空间结构会议论文集，1988．7，成都，pp218-222
[19] H. J. Schek, The Force Density Method for Form-finding and Computation of General Network, Comp Mech in Appl. Mech and Engr. 3(1974)pp115-134
[20] L. Grundig and J.Bahndorf, The Design of Wide-Span Roof Structures Using Microcomputers, Computers & Structures Vol.30,1988,pp495-501
[21] L. Grundig, Minimal Structure for Finding Forms of Structure membrane, Computers & Structures, Vol.3,1988,pp679-683
[22] L. Grundig, L.Ekert and Moncrieff, Geodesic and Semi-Geodesic Line Algoritmns for Cutting Pattern Generation of Architectural Textile Structure, Proc. Of Asia-Pacific Conf. On Shell and Spatial Structures, Beijing, 1996.5
[23] Linkwitz, K., Grondig, L., Bahndorf, J., etc., Optimizing the Shape of the Roof of Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Strc. Engr. Review 1(1988) pp225-232
[24] Moncrief, E., and Topping, B.H.V., Computer Method for the generation of Membrane Cutting Pattern, Computers & Structures, 37 (1990) pp-441-450
[25] K. Suguzaki, Structural Design of A Permanent Air-Supported Dome, Proceeding IASS symposium, Osaka, 1986, Vol. 32, pp233-240
[26] N. K. Srivastava, etc., Winding Tunnel Study of a Flexible Membrane Structure, 3rd Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guildford, 1984,9 pp785-790
[27] Craig G. Huntington, Fabric Roof Design Respond to New Technologies, Spatial, Lattice, Tension Structures,pp674-683, 1994
[28] D. H. Geiger, The Design and Construction of Two Cable Domes for Korea Olympics, Shell, Membranes and Space Frames, Proc. IASS Symp., Vol.2, 1986
[29] M. Levy, The Innovation of Lightness, IASS Bulletin, Vol.35,No,115,1994
[30] M. Levy, Hyper-Tensigrity Dome, Proc. Int. Conf. Sports Architecture, 1990
[31] M. Levy, The Georgia Dome and Beyond Achieving Light-Weight Longspan Structures, Proc. IASS-ASCE Int. Symp., 1994
[32] A. Hanaor, Developments in Tensigrity System: An Overview, Proc. Space Structures 4, Vol. 1, 1993
[33] M. R. Barnes, Form-finding and Analysis of Prestressed Nets and Membranes, Computers & Structures, Vol.30, No.3, 1988． pp685-689
[34] M. R. Barnes, Form-finding, Analysis and Patterning of Tensile structures, 3rd. Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guilford, September, 1984, pp730-736
[35] M. R. Barnes, Prestressed Cable Networks, Construction Research and Development Journal, Vol. 31, 1971
[36] M. R. Barnes, Application of Dynamic Relaxation to the Design and Analysis of Cable, Membrane and Pneumatic structures, 2nd. Int. Conf. On Space Structures, Guildford, 1975
[37] M. R. Barnes, Nonlinear Numerical Solution Methods for Static and
Dynamic Relaxation, IL Publication No. 15, 1982, pp 150-166
[38] A.S. Day, An Introduction to dynamic Relaxation, The engineers, Jan. 29, 1965
[39] A. S. Day, J. H. Bunce, Analysis of Cable Networks by Dynamic Relaxation, Civil Engineer and Public Review, (4) 1970, pp383-386
[40] F. Otto, Tensile Structures, Vol. 1, Cambridge, 1973
[41] R·W·克拉夫 J·彭津著，王光远等译，结构动力学，科学出版社，1985
[42] 谭浩强，田淑消，FORTRAN语言—FORTRAN77结构化程序设计，清华大学出版社，1985
[43] 邓巍巍，王越南，Visual FORTRAN编程指南，人民邮电出版社，2000
[44] 王福明，贺正辉，索瑾，应用数值计算方法，科学出版社，1992
[45] Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers, McGrew-Hill. 1998