350km/h及以上弓网动态行为研究
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摘要
弓网关系作为保证高速列车稳定受流、安全运行的关键技术之一,其相关技术的研究目前在国内外已十分重视。尤其是近年来,随着高速列车运营速度的不断提升,针对弓网关系的研究也发展较快。为实现新一代高速列车运营时速提升至350公里及以上,如何设计高速运行工况下的弓网系统,保证高速列车安全稳定的受流,将是非常严峻的考验和挑战。为此,本文在对现有国内外高速弓网系统的发展趋势及关键技术进行全面研究的基础上,开展时速350公里及以上的高速弓网关系研究,主要完成了以下几个方面的研究内容：
首先,在接触网建模方法研究方面,分析了不同结构形式、单元类型和求解方法对接触网静态和动态性能的影响,确定了合理的接触网建模方法；在受电弓建模方法研究方面,建立了包括归算质量模型、多刚体模型、刚柔混合模型和全柔性模型的受电弓模型库,识别了不同受电弓模型的动态特性,包括：模态特性、频响特性和系统动力学特性等,确立不同受电弓模型的适用范围；在对接触网和受电弓建模方法研究的基础上,研究了高速运行条件下受电弓与接触网之间的耦合作用关系,建立了适用于高速滑动接触分析的弓网系统精确模型,特别是考虑了弓网纵向冲击和横向摆动、受电弓结构弹性振动、受电弓气流扰动、接触形貌特征等因素对弓网动力学特性的影响,从而对弓网动力学行为进行了研究和分析。其中,重点探讨了不同速度和运行方向等工况下,接触形貌特征和受电弓气流扰动对弓网动力学性能的影响,探明了在高速滑动条件下的弓网运动规律。
其次,在接触网波动特性及双弓受流研究方面,在研究单根弦的波动特征基础上,辨识了复杂弹性链型悬挂接触网结构和单根弦结构差异对波动特性的影响,确定接触网结构的波长和波速等波动特性。然后,针对双弓重联运行时接触网振动波传播过程进行分析,建立了双弓运行时双弓间距的理论计算公式。在此基础上,通过双弓作用下的弓网动力学仿真计算,就双弓间距对弓网动力学性能的影响进行分析,确定了不同速度下的不利和有利双弓间距,并与计算公式得到的结果进行对比。结果表明：两种方法计算得到的双弓间距分布是基本一致的,同时通过双弓重联运行的线路试验,验证了建立的双弓间距计算公式的有效性。
在高速弓网结构及参数优化匹配研究方面,通过研究弓网系统动力学性能以及频率特性与受电弓运行速度的匹配关系,探讨了弓网结构及参数优化设计的基本原则和流程。在此基础上,以设计运营速度350km/h的弓网系统为基础,通过接触网和受电弓结构及参数的优化匹配,提高接触网波速利用率并改善刚度不一致对受流质量的影响,提出适用于350km/h及更高速度等级下合理的弓网系统结构及参数。
最后,在弓网动应力推断方法研究方面,基于高速铁路系统可靠性研究中的应力确定问题,提出一种基于混合模拟的应力推断方法,借助数值模拟建立系统各点的应力参数之间的互推关系,然后通过实物模拟测得一些已知点的应力数据,由此推断出其他未知点的应力参数,从而确定了整个结构的应力状态。
Pantograph-catenary relation is one of key technologies to assure the steady current-collection quality and the safe operation for the high-speed train. More and more attention has been paid to the related investigation. Especially in recent years, with increasing operational speeds of high-speed train, the investigation on pantograph-catenary relation develops rapidly. In order to satisfy the requirement of the running speed of350km/h or above, it is a serous challenge how to design the pantograph-catenary system and assure the steady current-collection quality. Therefore, based on the existing research for the development trends and the key technologies of pantograph-catenary system, in this paper the pantograph-catenary relation for the running speed of350km/h or above mainly has been investigated and the five main sections has been involved, as follows. Firstly, for the catenary modeling, the influence of structure layout, element type and solution method on the static and dynamic performance of the catenary was discussed, and the reasonable modeling method was put forward. As far as the pantograph modeling was concerned, several kinds of pantograph models were established, including lumped mass model, multi-rigid body model, rigid-flexible body model and full flexible body model. Furthermore, the characteristics of the modes, the frequencies and the dynamics for different pantograph models were identified, and the application extent of different pantograph models was determined, respectively. Based on the investigation on the dynamic modeling and simulation of pantograph and catenary system, the coupled relation between pantograph and catenary in higher speed was investigated and the more accurate model was established, considering the influence of the longitude impact and the lateral pendulum, the flexible deformation, the airflow disturbance, the appearance characteristic of contact surface on the dynamic performance of pantograph and catenary system. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior has been investigated. Especailly, at different operational speeds and directions, the influence of the airflow disturbance and the appearance characteristic on the dynamic performance is discussed in detail to determine the motion law of pantograph-catenary system in high speed sliding operation.
Then, in research for wave propagation characteristics of catenary and current-collection quality with double pantographs, based on the wave propagation characteristics of the single chord, the influence of the structure difference between catenary and chord was analyzed, and the wave propagation characteristics of catenary including wave length, wave velocity, etc. has been determined. Then, the wave propagation of the catenary under action of double pantographs was investigated, and the formula of space between two pantographs was established. Furthermore, the influence of the space between two pantographs on the dynamic performance of pantograph and catenary system was analyzed by means of the simulation under the action of double pantographs. The favorable and unfavorable space was determined, and a comparison of the space with the data obtained by the formula was carried out. The results show that the agreement between the simulation results and the formula data is generally good. Meanwhile, by the field test with double pantographs, it is proved that the space between two pantograph based on the formula is reasonable.
In the respects of optimization for the structure and parameters of pantograph and catenary system, the match relation of dynamic performance and frequency distribution with the running speed of pantograph was first investigated. The fundamental principle and the process of the optimaztion were discussed. Furthermore, by means of the optimization for the structure and parameters of pantograph and catenary system, the utilization rate of wave propagation for the catenary is raised and the influence of stiffness difference on current-collection quality is improved. Therefore, the reasonable structure and design parameters of pantograph and catenary system for the running speed of350km/h or above have been obtained.
Finally, based on the existing investigation of structural intensity and failure of the railway system, a new method to determine the stress is put forward to overcome the deficiency of conventional simulation and experiment method. Through the numerical simulation, the inference relation of the stress between various locations was obtained. Then, with the experiment, some stresses of the whole structure were measured. Accordingly, other stresses were determined through the inference relation. Furthermore, all the stresses of the structure were obtained and the strength evaluation was exactly carried out.
首先,在接触网建模方法研究方面,分析了不同结构形式、单元类型和求解方法对接触网静态和动态性能的影响,确定了合理的接触网建模方法；在受电弓建模方法研究方面,建立了包括归算质量模型、多刚体模型、刚柔混合模型和全柔性模型的受电弓模型库,识别了不同受电弓模型的动态特性,包括：模态特性、频响特性和系统动力学特性等,确立不同受电弓模型的适用范围；在对接触网和受电弓建模方法研究的基础上,研究了高速运行条件下受电弓与接触网之间的耦合作用关系,建立了适用于高速滑动接触分析的弓网系统精确模型,特别是考虑了弓网纵向冲击和横向摆动、受电弓结构弹性振动、受电弓气流扰动、接触形貌特征等因素对弓网动力学特性的影响,从而对弓网动力学行为进行了研究和分析。其中,重点探讨了不同速度和运行方向等工况下,接触形貌特征和受电弓气流扰动对弓网动力学性能的影响,探明了在高速滑动条件下的弓网运动规律。
其次,在接触网波动特性及双弓受流研究方面,在研究单根弦的波动特征基础上,辨识了复杂弹性链型悬挂接触网结构和单根弦结构差异对波动特性的影响,确定接触网结构的波长和波速等波动特性。然后,针对双弓重联运行时接触网振动波传播过程进行分析,建立了双弓运行时双弓间距的理论计算公式。在此基础上,通过双弓作用下的弓网动力学仿真计算,就双弓间距对弓网动力学性能的影响进行分析,确定了不同速度下的不利和有利双弓间距,并与计算公式得到的结果进行对比。结果表明：两种方法计算得到的双弓间距分布是基本一致的,同时通过双弓重联运行的线路试验,验证了建立的双弓间距计算公式的有效性。
在高速弓网结构及参数优化匹配研究方面,通过研究弓网系统动力学性能以及频率特性与受电弓运行速度的匹配关系,探讨了弓网结构及参数优化设计的基本原则和流程。在此基础上,以设计运营速度350km/h的弓网系统为基础,通过接触网和受电弓结构及参数的优化匹配,提高接触网波速利用率并改善刚度不一致对受流质量的影响,提出适用于350km/h及更高速度等级下合理的弓网系统结构及参数。
最后,在弓网动应力推断方法研究方面,基于高速铁路系统可靠性研究中的应力确定问题,提出一种基于混合模拟的应力推断方法,借助数值模拟建立系统各点的应力参数之间的互推关系,然后通过实物模拟测得一些已知点的应力数据,由此推断出其他未知点的应力参数,从而确定了整个结构的应力状态。
Pantograph-catenary relation is one of key technologies to assure the steady current-collection quality and the safe operation for the high-speed train. More and more attention has been paid to the related investigation. Especially in recent years, with increasing operational speeds of high-speed train, the investigation on pantograph-catenary relation develops rapidly. In order to satisfy the requirement of the running speed of350km/h or above, it is a serous challenge how to design the pantograph-catenary system and assure the steady current-collection quality. Therefore, based on the existing research for the development trends and the key technologies of pantograph-catenary system, in this paper the pantograph-catenary relation for the running speed of350km/h or above mainly has been investigated and the five main sections has been involved, as follows. Firstly, for the catenary modeling, the influence of structure layout, element type and solution method on the static and dynamic performance of the catenary was discussed, and the reasonable modeling method was put forward. As far as the pantograph modeling was concerned, several kinds of pantograph models were established, including lumped mass model, multi-rigid body model, rigid-flexible body model and full flexible body model. Furthermore, the characteristics of the modes, the frequencies and the dynamics for different pantograph models were identified, and the application extent of different pantograph models was determined, respectively. Based on the investigation on the dynamic modeling and simulation of pantograph and catenary system, the coupled relation between pantograph and catenary in higher speed was investigated and the more accurate model was established, considering the influence of the longitude impact and the lateral pendulum, the flexible deformation, the airflow disturbance, the appearance characteristic of contact surface on the dynamic performance of pantograph and catenary system. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior has been investigated. Especailly, at different operational speeds and directions, the influence of the airflow disturbance and the appearance characteristic on the dynamic performance is discussed in detail to determine the motion law of pantograph-catenary system in high speed sliding operation.
Then, in research for wave propagation characteristics of catenary and current-collection quality with double pantographs, based on the wave propagation characteristics of the single chord, the influence of the structure difference between catenary and chord was analyzed, and the wave propagation characteristics of catenary including wave length, wave velocity, etc. has been determined. Then, the wave propagation of the catenary under action of double pantographs was investigated, and the formula of space between two pantographs was established. Furthermore, the influence of the space between two pantographs on the dynamic performance of pantograph and catenary system was analyzed by means of the simulation under the action of double pantographs. The favorable and unfavorable space was determined, and a comparison of the space with the data obtained by the formula was carried out. The results show that the agreement between the simulation results and the formula data is generally good. Meanwhile, by the field test with double pantographs, it is proved that the space between two pantograph based on the formula is reasonable.
In the respects of optimization for the structure and parameters of pantograph and catenary system, the match relation of dynamic performance and frequency distribution with the running speed of pantograph was first investigated. The fundamental principle and the process of the optimaztion were discussed. Furthermore, by means of the optimization for the structure and parameters of pantograph and catenary system, the utilization rate of wave propagation for the catenary is raised and the influence of stiffness difference on current-collection quality is improved. Therefore, the reasonable structure and design parameters of pantograph and catenary system for the running speed of350km/h or above have been obtained.
Finally, based on the existing investigation of structural intensity and failure of the railway system, a new method to determine the stress is put forward to overcome the deficiency of conventional simulation and experiment method. Through the numerical simulation, the inference relation of the stress between various locations was obtained. Then, with the experiment, some stresses of the whole structure were measured. Accordingly, other stresses were determined through the inference relation. Furthermore, all the stresses of the structure were obtained and the strength evaluation was exactly carried out.
引文
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