水下爆炸作用下结构的动态响应分析
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摘要
水下爆炸需要考虑五个部分：冲击波、空泡及气泡、射流、流固耦合现象、结构的动态响应。本文采用了理论分析以及数值模拟的方法求解了水下爆炸时近场产生的气泡脉动流场,继而对气泡脉动压力作用下板的响应进行分析。然后将水下声能与爆炸冲击波相联系,利用流固耦合方法分析了远场定向冲击波对圆柱壳的破坏以及对柱体的振动响应,为水下声能技术对远场目标打击提供了依据。
首先对水下近场爆炸产生的气泡进行了分析,按照一维不可压缩流体非定常运动理论,考虑加入了虚拟力做功的方式,改进了已有的水中爆炸气泡脉动规律的方程。计算结果与实验值对比分析可知,加入的虚拟力使理论公式所计算的气泡脉动的周期,速度等值与实际情况近似吻合。对水中气泡脉动压力分布规律方程再进行改进,加入了气泡能的影响,所得结果相对来说较以往分析结果更加符合实际情况。
继而计算了气泡脉动压力对固支圆板作用进行了响应分析。在近场气泡脉动下,把气泡脉动载荷处理为球面波,然后将其作用到固支圆板上。通过Ritz方程计算了圆板的挠度计算公式,根据所得数据拟合得到一个统一公式,由此式可以计算出一定条件下任意厚度板的最大挠度。根据挠度变化图得出结论,在脉动压力波作用下,圆板中心最容易发生破坏。在板厚较薄的情况下,圆板边界也很可能发生破坏。
根据水下声能技术以及水下爆炸的特点,建立了两者之间的联系,给出了水下声能技术中声学参数转换成远场的冲击波压力的转换公式。
将声学参数转换成了水下爆炸冲击波参数,进行了冲击波作用下圆柱壳的强度分析计算。根据远场冲击波的特点,将其假定为平面波直接施加在离壳体附近的一小层水面上。然后利用LS-DYNA中的流固耦合分析方法,.对圆柱壳体在30m处的水下定向声能作用下的强度进行了仿真计算。结果表明,声源级280dB以上的水下定向冲击波即可对30m处的圆柱壳体进行一定的破坏。
然后又模拟了柱体在受到距水下定向声能源100m处作用时的动态响应。当大能量冲击波压力作用到柱体上时,柱体的加速度响应迅速达到峰值,峰值大且波形陡峭。但是由于柱体与水耦合导致柱体的振动能量散失很快,随着时间的增加,响应迅速减小。
在向柱体发射定向冲击波时,应尽量从其径向入射,这样更容易引起其内部仪器等的破坏,达到更好的冲击效果。若加速度达到30g时可能引起内部元器件失效或者破坏,按照这一标准来检测柱体振动引起的破坏情况,则当声源级≥280dB时在距其100m处就有可能会使其内部仪器因振动而发生破坏。
本文所做内容为水下定向声能技术为对近舰目标进行打击提供了理论以及数值依据。
The underwater explosion needs considering five parts:shock wave, cavitations and bubble, jet, fluid-solid coupling phenomenon, the dynamic response of structure. In this paper, the flow field of the bubble pulsation was solved by using the theory analysis and numerical simulation method under near the underwater explosion. The response of the plate under the bubble pulsation pressure effect was analyzed. Connection the underwater acoustic energy and explosion shock wave, by using the fluid-solid coupling method the failure of cylindrical shell and the vibration response of cylinder under the far fielded directional shock wave was researched. For the underwater acoustic energy technology attacking the near ship target provides basis.
The bubble produced by near underwater explosion was analyzed. According to the one dimensional incompressible fluid unsteady motion theory, considering addition the work by the virtual force, the existing law equation of bubble pulsation underwater explosion was improved. Comparison analysis the calculation results with the experimental values, considering the addition of the virtual force, the radius, period and velocity of the calculation bubble pulsations by the theory formula were more anatomists with the practical condition. Further improving the law equation of bubble pulsation pressure distribution, the addition effect of the bubble energy, the results were more according with the practical condition than previous analysis.
Under the near bubble pulsation, the bubble pulsation load was treatment for spherical wave. Then the clamped circular plate was affected by it. By the Ritz equation the deflection formula of the circular plate was calculated. The income data were fitted a unified formula. Based on the deflection change graph, the center of circular plate was most easily failure. The boundary of circular plate also possibly was damaged under the condition of the thin plate.
According to the features between the underwater acoustic energy technology and explosion, the acoustical parameters were converted into the form of explosion shock wave pressure. The strength analysis of cylindrical shell was calculated under the effect of the shock wave. According to the feature of the far field shock wave, it was assumed plane wave to directly apply on a little layer water surface nearby the shell. Using the fluid-solid coupling analysis method of LS-DYNA, the strength of the cylindrical shell was simulation calculated under effect of the underwater directional acoustic energy at 30m. Over 280db sound source grade of the underwater directional shock wave could be certain failure to the cylindrical shell at 30m.
The dynamic response of cylinder was simulated under the effect of underwater directional acoustic energy at 100m. When the cylinder was affected by the large energy shock wave pressure, the response of acceleration was rapidly reached the peak which was large and the waveform was steep. However, due to the cylinder coupling with water the vibration energy was quickly dissipated. When the acceleration reached 30g, the internal components may be failure. If according to this standard test the failure situation was caused by the vibration of cylinder. When the sound source grade≥280dB, the internal components maybe could be damaged because of the vibration.
The theory and numerical basis were provided by the contents in this paper for the underwater directional acoustic energy technology attacking the near ship target.
首先对水下近场爆炸产生的气泡进行了分析,按照一维不可压缩流体非定常运动理论,考虑加入了虚拟力做功的方式,改进了已有的水中爆炸气泡脉动规律的方程。计算结果与实验值对比分析可知,加入的虚拟力使理论公式所计算的气泡脉动的周期,速度等值与实际情况近似吻合。对水中气泡脉动压力分布规律方程再进行改进,加入了气泡能的影响,所得结果相对来说较以往分析结果更加符合实际情况。
继而计算了气泡脉动压力对固支圆板作用进行了响应分析。在近场气泡脉动下,把气泡脉动载荷处理为球面波,然后将其作用到固支圆板上。通过Ritz方程计算了圆板的挠度计算公式,根据所得数据拟合得到一个统一公式,由此式可以计算出一定条件下任意厚度板的最大挠度。根据挠度变化图得出结论,在脉动压力波作用下,圆板中心最容易发生破坏。在板厚较薄的情况下,圆板边界也很可能发生破坏。
根据水下声能技术以及水下爆炸的特点,建立了两者之间的联系,给出了水下声能技术中声学参数转换成远场的冲击波压力的转换公式。
将声学参数转换成了水下爆炸冲击波参数,进行了冲击波作用下圆柱壳的强度分析计算。根据远场冲击波的特点,将其假定为平面波直接施加在离壳体附近的一小层水面上。然后利用LS-DYNA中的流固耦合分析方法,.对圆柱壳体在30m处的水下定向声能作用下的强度进行了仿真计算。结果表明,声源级280dB以上的水下定向冲击波即可对30m处的圆柱壳体进行一定的破坏。
然后又模拟了柱体在受到距水下定向声能源100m处作用时的动态响应。当大能量冲击波压力作用到柱体上时,柱体的加速度响应迅速达到峰值,峰值大且波形陡峭。但是由于柱体与水耦合导致柱体的振动能量散失很快,随着时间的增加,响应迅速减小。
在向柱体发射定向冲击波时,应尽量从其径向入射,这样更容易引起其内部仪器等的破坏,达到更好的冲击效果。若加速度达到30g时可能引起内部元器件失效或者破坏,按照这一标准来检测柱体振动引起的破坏情况,则当声源级≥280dB时在距其100m处就有可能会使其内部仪器因振动而发生破坏。
本文所做内容为水下定向声能技术为对近舰目标进行打击提供了理论以及数值依据。
The underwater explosion needs considering five parts:shock wave, cavitations and bubble, jet, fluid-solid coupling phenomenon, the dynamic response of structure. In this paper, the flow field of the bubble pulsation was solved by using the theory analysis and numerical simulation method under near the underwater explosion. The response of the plate under the bubble pulsation pressure effect was analyzed. Connection the underwater acoustic energy and explosion shock wave, by using the fluid-solid coupling method the failure of cylindrical shell and the vibration response of cylinder under the far fielded directional shock wave was researched. For the underwater acoustic energy technology attacking the near ship target provides basis.
The bubble produced by near underwater explosion was analyzed. According to the one dimensional incompressible fluid unsteady motion theory, considering addition the work by the virtual force, the existing law equation of bubble pulsation underwater explosion was improved. Comparison analysis the calculation results with the experimental values, considering the addition of the virtual force, the radius, period and velocity of the calculation bubble pulsations by the theory formula were more anatomists with the practical condition. Further improving the law equation of bubble pulsation pressure distribution, the addition effect of the bubble energy, the results were more according with the practical condition than previous analysis.
Under the near bubble pulsation, the bubble pulsation load was treatment for spherical wave. Then the clamped circular plate was affected by it. By the Ritz equation the deflection formula of the circular plate was calculated. The income data were fitted a unified formula. Based on the deflection change graph, the center of circular plate was most easily failure. The boundary of circular plate also possibly was damaged under the condition of the thin plate.
According to the features between the underwater acoustic energy technology and explosion, the acoustical parameters were converted into the form of explosion shock wave pressure. The strength analysis of cylindrical shell was calculated under the effect of the shock wave. According to the feature of the far field shock wave, it was assumed plane wave to directly apply on a little layer water surface nearby the shell. Using the fluid-solid coupling analysis method of LS-DYNA, the strength of the cylindrical shell was simulation calculated under effect of the underwater directional acoustic energy at 30m. Over 280db sound source grade of the underwater directional shock wave could be certain failure to the cylindrical shell at 30m.
The dynamic response of cylinder was simulated under the effect of underwater directional acoustic energy at 100m. When the cylinder was affected by the large energy shock wave pressure, the response of acceleration was rapidly reached the peak which was large and the waveform was steep. However, due to the cylinder coupling with water the vibration energy was quickly dissipated. When the acceleration reached 30g, the internal components may be failure. If according to this standard test the failure situation was caused by the vibration of cylinder. When the sound source grade≥280dB, the internal components maybe could be damaged because of the vibration.
The theory and numerical basis were provided by the contents in this paper for the underwater directional acoustic energy technology attacking the near ship target.
引文
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