客户协同产品创新的集成组织及其关键行为研究
|
摘要
产品创新即开发及改进新产品,是现代企业生存和发展的核心。产品生命周期的缩短、知识传播速度的加快,使得单一的制造商产品创新已不能适应产品不断创新发展的步伐。为了满足市场对新产品的需求,高效、高质量的进行新产品开发,寻求新的创新模式已成为当前产品创新管理领域需要解决的重要问题之一。客户作为产品创新一个新的源泉,客户协同产品创新这一多组织集成创新模式成为了产品创新发展的重要趋势,引起学术界和企业界的关注。本文针对这一新的产品创新思想和理念,对客户协同产品创新模式的理论、集成组织模式以及关键组织行为进行一些探索和研究。
首先,分析现代制造业面临的竞争环境和产品创新发展的趋势,结合领先用户理论和组织创造力理论的思想和理念,研究一种集成创新概念---客户协同产品创新,分析客户协同产品创新的思想、特征,完善其创新原理及理论框架。在上述研究基础上,针对客户协同产品创新模式实施对组织模式的需求,提出一种适应客户协同、提高创新效率的产品创新集成组织--客户集成组织。研究了客户集成组织的思想、特征、创新原理以及组织的结构、动态组建过程。重点研究了客户集成组织的运行机制。包括基于个人学习的个人—团队—组织—组织间四个层次组织多环学习的学习机制;客户组织内--客户与企业组织间--企业组织内--企业组织间四个层次的集成组织知识流动与传播机制;以精神层面激励为主的集成组织激励机制。对客户组织这一非正式团体的管理提出管理思想和措施:客户组织的培育;客户支持方法;基于技术激励的客户激励机制。
在客户集成组织模式研究基础上,研究客户集成组织的关键行为:组织成员协作伙伴选择及工作任务分配。结合客户协同产品创新工作的特点,提出一种基于主观偏好的协作伙伴选择算法;根据客户集成组织成员的构成特点,提出基于协商协议的成员工作任务分配规则。
以优化客户集成组织成员的任务调度排序行为作为目标,针对工作任务动态排序问题,研究任务创新设计过程中三种决策时间点上的排序以及有约束关系的任务排序,提出基于最小化完工时间的任务优化排序规则。另外,针对基于单一特征的任务排序规则的局限性,提出一种基于动态复合规则的协同设计任务动态排序方法,使任务排序更为合理。
本课题是:国家自然科学基金项目“客户协同创新的全域智能工作模型及评价方法研究”(No.70601037)和重庆市科技攻关资助项目“客户协同产品创新模式及创新平台研究”(CSTC,2007AC2039)的重要组成部分。论文的研究成果在客户协同产品创新平台的开发中得到了应用。
Product innovation, that is, new product development and improvement, is the core of modern enterprise survival and development. At present, product life cycle is shortened and the speed of knowledge transfer is accelerated. So that, product innovation by manufacturer can not adapt to the continuous development of product innovation. In order to meet the market demand for new product and develop new product efficiently with high quality, seeking a new innovation model has currently become one of the most important issues in the field of product innovation management. As customer is a new source of product innovation, Customer Collaborative Product Innovation (CCPI), a multi-organization integrated innovation model, has become an important development trend of product innovation. It has aroused the great concern of scholars and entrepreneurs. CCPI, as a new product innovation thought and idea, its theories, integrated organization model and organization behavior were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the competition surroundings that modern manufacturing enterprises have faced and the development trend of product innovation were analyzed. Combined with the thoughts of leader user theory and organization creativity theory, CCPI, a new integration innovation model, was studied to analyze its thoughts and characteristics, and improve its innovation principles and theoretical framework. On the basis of the research above, to satisfy the requirements of organization model for CCPI implementation, an integrated organization model, customer integrated organization model was proposed, which suited to customer collaboration and could improve innovation efficiency. Then, the thoughts, characteristics, innovation principles of customer integrated organization, as wel as its organization structure and dynamic constructing process, were studied. We focused on its Operation mechanism. The operation mechanism consisted of three kinds of mechanism. The first one was individual-study based multi-loop study mechanism in four levels including individual, team, organization and inter-organization. In the following, integrated organization knowledge flow and transfer mechanism, was also introduced which comprised four levels respectively in the interior of customer organization, customer and enterprise organization, organizations within enterprise, enterprise inter-organization. The last one is the incentive mechanism of customer integration organization, mainly in spirit level. The management thoughts and measures for customer organization were put forward, which included customer organization cultivation, customer supporting methods and the incentive mechanism based on technology motivation.
Based on the research of customer integrated organization model, several critical organization behaviors were studied, including collaborative partner selection and task allocation of organization members. Combined with the characteristics of CCPI, an algorithm of preference-based collaborative partner evaluation and selection was proposed. According to the member composition characteristics of customer integration organization, a members’task allocation rule based on negotiation protocol was brought forward.
Then, taking the task scheduling optimization of customer integrated organization members as a goal, and aiming at the dynamic task scheduling problems, scheduling on three kinds of decision-making time and task scheduling which had restriction relationship in collaborative product design were studied. as a result, a dynamic optimized scheduling method based on the least finish time was proposed. Moreover, Aiming at the limitation of tasks’compositor regulation based on the oneness character, the method of collaborative design tasks’dynamic compositor based on the complex regulation was proposed to achieve more reasonable task scheduling.
This paper is an important part of the National Natural Science Foundation Project, China (No.70601037), and Chongqing Science and Technology Foundation Project, China (No. CSTC, 2007AC2039). The research is supported by the two projects. The research achievement is applied in the development process of customer collaborative product innovation platform in the above projects, and achieves good effect.
首先,分析现代制造业面临的竞争环境和产品创新发展的趋势,结合领先用户理论和组织创造力理论的思想和理念,研究一种集成创新概念---客户协同产品创新,分析客户协同产品创新的思想、特征,完善其创新原理及理论框架。在上述研究基础上,针对客户协同产品创新模式实施对组织模式的需求,提出一种适应客户协同、提高创新效率的产品创新集成组织--客户集成组织。研究了客户集成组织的思想、特征、创新原理以及组织的结构、动态组建过程。重点研究了客户集成组织的运行机制。包括基于个人学习的个人—团队—组织—组织间四个层次组织多环学习的学习机制;客户组织内--客户与企业组织间--企业组织内--企业组织间四个层次的集成组织知识流动与传播机制;以精神层面激励为主的集成组织激励机制。对客户组织这一非正式团体的管理提出管理思想和措施:客户组织的培育;客户支持方法;基于技术激励的客户激励机制。
在客户集成组织模式研究基础上,研究客户集成组织的关键行为:组织成员协作伙伴选择及工作任务分配。结合客户协同产品创新工作的特点,提出一种基于主观偏好的协作伙伴选择算法;根据客户集成组织成员的构成特点,提出基于协商协议的成员工作任务分配规则。
以优化客户集成组织成员的任务调度排序行为作为目标,针对工作任务动态排序问题,研究任务创新设计过程中三种决策时间点上的排序以及有约束关系的任务排序,提出基于最小化完工时间的任务优化排序规则。另外,针对基于单一特征的任务排序规则的局限性,提出一种基于动态复合规则的协同设计任务动态排序方法,使任务排序更为合理。
本课题是:国家自然科学基金项目“客户协同创新的全域智能工作模型及评价方法研究”(No.70601037)和重庆市科技攻关资助项目“客户协同产品创新模式及创新平台研究”(CSTC,2007AC2039)的重要组成部分。论文的研究成果在客户协同产品创新平台的开发中得到了应用。
Product innovation, that is, new product development and improvement, is the core of modern enterprise survival and development. At present, product life cycle is shortened and the speed of knowledge transfer is accelerated. So that, product innovation by manufacturer can not adapt to the continuous development of product innovation. In order to meet the market demand for new product and develop new product efficiently with high quality, seeking a new innovation model has currently become one of the most important issues in the field of product innovation management. As customer is a new source of product innovation, Customer Collaborative Product Innovation (CCPI), a multi-organization integrated innovation model, has become an important development trend of product innovation. It has aroused the great concern of scholars and entrepreneurs. CCPI, as a new product innovation thought and idea, its theories, integrated organization model and organization behavior were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the competition surroundings that modern manufacturing enterprises have faced and the development trend of product innovation were analyzed. Combined with the thoughts of leader user theory and organization creativity theory, CCPI, a new integration innovation model, was studied to analyze its thoughts and characteristics, and improve its innovation principles and theoretical framework. On the basis of the research above, to satisfy the requirements of organization model for CCPI implementation, an integrated organization model, customer integrated organization model was proposed, which suited to customer collaboration and could improve innovation efficiency. Then, the thoughts, characteristics, innovation principles of customer integrated organization, as wel as its organization structure and dynamic constructing process, were studied. We focused on its Operation mechanism. The operation mechanism consisted of three kinds of mechanism. The first one was individual-study based multi-loop study mechanism in four levels including individual, team, organization and inter-organization. In the following, integrated organization knowledge flow and transfer mechanism, was also introduced which comprised four levels respectively in the interior of customer organization, customer and enterprise organization, organizations within enterprise, enterprise inter-organization. The last one is the incentive mechanism of customer integration organization, mainly in spirit level. The management thoughts and measures for customer organization were put forward, which included customer organization cultivation, customer supporting methods and the incentive mechanism based on technology motivation.
Based on the research of customer integrated organization model, several critical organization behaviors were studied, including collaborative partner selection and task allocation of organization members. Combined with the characteristics of CCPI, an algorithm of preference-based collaborative partner evaluation and selection was proposed. According to the member composition characteristics of customer integration organization, a members’task allocation rule based on negotiation protocol was brought forward.
Then, taking the task scheduling optimization of customer integrated organization members as a goal, and aiming at the dynamic task scheduling problems, scheduling on three kinds of decision-making time and task scheduling which had restriction relationship in collaborative product design were studied. as a result, a dynamic optimized scheduling method based on the least finish time was proposed. Moreover, Aiming at the limitation of tasks’compositor regulation based on the oneness character, the method of collaborative design tasks’dynamic compositor based on the complex regulation was proposed to achieve more reasonable task scheduling.
This paper is an important part of the National Natural Science Foundation Project, China (No.70601037), and Chongqing Science and Technology Foundation Project, China (No. CSTC, 2007AC2039). The research is supported by the two projects. The research achievement is applied in the development process of customer collaborative product innovation platform in the above projects, and achieves good effect.
引文
[1] Eric von Hippie, The Sources of Innovation, Oxford University Press, New York,first published in 1988
[2]顾新建,祁国宁.知识型制造企业.北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[3]游毅.产品创新中的创意管理问题研究[硕士学位论文].甘肃:兰州大学,2007
[4] J Browne, P J Sacket, J C Wortmann. Future Manufacturing System—Towards the Extended Enterprise. Computers in Industry,1995,25(3):235-254
[5] Thomke, S. H., E. von Hippel.. Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value[J]. Harvard Business Review. 2002, 80(4): 74–81.
[6] E. von Hippel. Democratizing Innovation[M]. MIT Press, 2005.
[7]胡汉辉,潘安成.组织知识转移与学习能力的系统研究[J].管理科学学报, 2006,9 (3): 81-85.
[8]王思峰,黄家齐,郑俐敏.团队知识转换与知识创造的实验研究:知识螺旋理论的验证[J],管理与系统,2002, 9(1): 29-60.
[9] Lettl, C., Herstatt, C. and Gemuenden, H.G., Users' contributions to radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology[J].R&D Management,2006, 36(3):251- 272
[10] von Hippel, E., Horizontal innovation networks- by and for users [C]. MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper,No. 4366- 02, 2002, June.
[11] von Hippel,E.,The Dominant Role of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process [J]. Research Policy, 1976, 5(3): 212- 239
[12] von Hippel, E., The Dominant Role of the Users in Semiconductorand Electronic Subassembly Process Innovation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1977,24(2): 60- 71
[13] von Hippel, E., The Sources of Innovation [M]. Oxford UniversityPress, New York, 1988.
[14]吴贵生,谢伟.用户创新概念及其运行机制[J].科研管理, 1996(5):14- 19
[15]陈钰芬,陈劲.用户参与创新:国外相关理论文献综述[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2002(2):52-56.
[16] von Hippel,E., Democratizing Innovation Cambridge[M]. MA:MIT Press, 2005.
[17] Rosenberg, N., Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics[M]. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1982.
[18] Gales,L., Mansour- Cole, D., User Involvement in InnovationProjects:Toward an InformationProcessing Model [J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,1995,12:77- 109
[19] Lüthje, C. Customer as co- inventors: An empirical analysis of the antecedents of customer- driven innovations in the field of medical equipment[C]. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy,Glasgow, 2003.
[20] Lüthje,C. Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field: An empirical study of sport- related product consumers[J]. Technovation, 2004, 24 (9), S:683- 695
[21] Lettl, C., Herstatt, C. and Gemuenden, H.G., Users' contributionsto radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology[J].R&D Management,2006, 36(3):251- 272
[22] Nelson, R., The Role of Knowledge in R&D Efficiency[J]. Quartely Journal of Economics, 1982, 97(3):453- 470
[23] von Hippel,E.,Economics of product development by users:the impact of“sticky”local information[J].Management Science,1998,44(5):629- 644
[24] Lilien, G. L., Morrison, P. D., Searls, M. etc. Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea-Generation Process for New Product Development. Management Science. 2002, 48 (8):1042–1059.
[25] Reichwald, R., Seifert, S., Walcher, D., etc. Customers as Part of Value Webs: Towards a Frameworkfor Webbed Customer Innovation Tools. Proceedings of 2004 Hawaii International Conference onComputer Sciences (HICSS), Hawaii, 2004
[26] Franke, N., E. von Hippel. Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software. Research Policy, 2003, 32 (7): 1199–1215
[27] Morrison, P. D., Roberts, J. H., E. von Hippel. Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market. Management Science, 2000, 46 (12): 1513–1527
[28] Franke, N., Piller, F. Value Creation by Toolkits for User Innovation and Design: The Case of the Watch Market. Journal of Product Innovation, 2004, 21: 401–415
[29] Donna, L. H., Praveen, K., etc. Identifying and Using Emergent Consumers in Developing Radical Innovations. Proceedings of Marketing Science Conference, Erasmus University, 2004.
[30] Lüthje, C. Characteristics of Innovating Users in a Consumer Goods Field: An Empirical Study of Sport-Related Product Consumers. Technovation, 2004, 24 (9): 683–695
[31] Reichwald, R., Seifert, S., Walcher, D., etc. Customers as Part of Value Webs: Towards a Frameworkfor Webbed Customer Innovation Tools. Proceedings of 2004 Hawaii International Conference on Computer Sciences (HICSS), Hawaii, 2004
[32] Chan, T. Y., Lee, J. F. A Comparative Study of Online User Communities Involvement inProduct Innovation and Development. Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Management of Technology IAMOT, Washington D.C., 2004
[33] Luthje, C., Herstatt, C. von Hippel.E. The Impact of Use Experience and Knowledge on Innovations:An Empirical Study of Innovative Activities Among End-users, MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper, 2002
[34] Dahan, E., Hauser, J.R. The Virtual Customer: Communication, conceptualization, and Computation,Journal of Product Innovation management, 2002, 19 (5): 332-353
[35] Gloor, A. P., Laubacher, R., Scott B.C., etc. Visualization of Communication Patterns in Collaborative Innovation Networks Analysis of some W3C working groups. Proceedings of ACM CIKM 2003, New Orleans, 2003.
[36] Chen, S.L., Tseng, M. M. Defining Specifications for Custom Products: A Multi-Attribute Negotiation Approach, CIRP Annals, 2005, 54 (1):159-162
[37] Tseng, M.M., Jiao, J. Customizability Analysis in Design for Mass Customization. Computer-Aided Design, 2004, 36 (8): 745-757
[38]唐文献,李莉敏,管瑞良.知识驱动协同创新的产品开发模型.计算机集成制造系统, 2005, 11(6): 757-761
[39]宛西原,刘飞,尹超,郑华林.基于客户的大规模定制产品的协同设计研究.计算机集成制造系统, 2002, 8 (12): 936-939
[40] Yang, Y, Zhang, X. D., Liu, F., etc. An Internet-based Product Customization System for CIM.International Journal of Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2005,21 (2): 109-118
[41] Li, S. X., Yang, Y., Liu, F, Yu Yang, etc. Study on the Product Description Method for Networked Customization[J]. International Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, 129 (11): 568-573
[42]杨育,张晓冬,刘胜,刘飞.网络化协同产品定制及其系统集成研究[J].中国机械工程, 2003, 14(15): 1290-1294
[43] Christensen,C.,The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
[44] von Hippel, E.,. Lead Users: A Source of Novel ProductConcepts [J]. Management Science, 1986, 32:791- 805
[45]余禾.企业创造性的培养和发挥[J].西南民旗学院学报·哲学社会科学版,2001,22(9):65-67
[46]马蕾.组织创新研究—基于惯域的观点[博士后学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[47]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理, 2000, 22 (10): 2-7
[48]沈俏梅客户关系管理:现代图书馆信息服务的新模式前沿[J],2003(7):123-125
[49]焦玉英,黄达,施俊. e环境下客户关系管理的运行机制研究[J].情报科学,25(10):1441-1443
[50]陈伯成,叶伟雄,李英杰,绳鹏.承载供应链管理的客户关系链管理分析与建模[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005,(4):42—54.
[51]钱瑞莉.浅谈我国信息咨询业发展中存在的问题及对策.沈阳教育学院学报,2003(4):82-83
[52]孙晓强.从组织学习过程模型看组织学习在知识管理过程中的角色[J].技术经济与管理研究,2007(1):89-91
[53] Prahalad C K, Hammel G. The core competence of the corporation [J]. Harvard Business Review,1990, 68(3):79-92.
[54] N ason S W. Organizational learning disabilities: an International Perspective [D]. USA:University of South California,1997
[55]陈国权,马萌.组织学习的过程模型研究管[J].管理科报,20003,3(3):15-23
[56] SAVRANSKY S D.Engineering of creativity1[M].Boca Raton,USA :CRC Press,2000.21—23.
[57]檀润华.创新设计--TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.12—14.
[58]张喜征,曾小青,杨泽凡等.基于Agent对虚拟企业工作流管理[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2003,25(1):24-28.
[59]胡锦敏,张申生,王英林.支持动态联盟的适应性工作流系统[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(20):1769-1772.
[60]范玉顺,刘飞,祁国宁.网络化制造系统及其应用实践.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[61]陈家润.论现代企业组织结构的发展趋势[J].河北汽车工业学院学报,2003(6):46-49
[62]姚晓霞.现代企业组织结构发展趋势[J].江苏经济探讨,1998(10):19-21
[63]蔡进兵.现代企业组织结构形式变迁的趋势分析[J].改革与战略,2003(6): 38-40
[64]李枫.虚拟企业管理模式探析[J].生产力研究,2007(8):118-119.
[65]修国义.齐攀面向项目的虚拟企业组织模式与管理[J].社会科学家,2007, 127(5):167-169
[66]林鸣,马士华.动态联盟.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[67]蒋贵川,范玉顺,吴澄.动态联盟与企业敏捷性研究.系统工程理论与实践,2002,(1):71-74
[68]李向东.面向网络化制造的企业协同管理及其关键技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004
[69]雍灏,陈劲,郭斌.技术创新中的领先用户研究[J].科研管理,1999,20(3):57-61
[70] Eric von Hippel .“Lead Users : A Source of Novel Product Concept”[J].Management Science ,1986,32(7):39-45
[71]迈克尔?波特著,陈小悦译.竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,1997
[72] Eric von Hippel , Ralph Katz. Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits , Management Science , 2002 , 48(7) : 821 - 833.
[73]张钢,于小涵.组织网络化发展中的学习机制与创新效率[J].科研管理,2005,26(6):87-93.
[74]顾乃康.现代企业理论的新发展:企业知识理论[J].经济学动态, 1997 , (11):25-28
[75]刘璇华,惠青山.组织创新与组织学习的互动关系探析科技管理研究,2005(8):73-75
[76]陈国权,马萌.组织学习现状与展望[J].中国管理科学,2000,8(1):66-74.
[77]孙利君.基于组织学习的客户关系管理研究[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,14(6):57-62
[78]许学国,尤建新,彭正龙.组织协同学习模型研究[J].工业工程与管理,2006(1):14-17
[79]姚俊,吕源,蓝海林.组织学习与演化的综合模型分析[J].管理评论,2006,18(1):45-50
[80]张毅,张子刚.企业网络组织间学习过程的二维模型[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(9):67-71
[81]来向红王文平.基于元胞自动机的知识型组织中知识传播过程仿真研究[J].管理学报,2006,3(5):514-518.
[82]张庆普,李志超.企业隐性知识流动与转化研究[J].中国软科学,2003,(1):88-92.
[83]彭灿.供应链中的知识流动与组织间学习[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):81-85.
[84]陈国权,马萌.组织学习的过程模型研究[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(3): 15-23
[85] Nonaka,I,Konno,N.The cocept of“Ba”:Buildlng a Foundation for Knowledge Creation[J].California Management Review,1998,40(3):40—54.
[86] Grant.R.M. Toward a Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,Vol.17(Winter Special Issue):16-18.
[87]满相忠,李娅.个性化定制模式的发展趋势[J].企业改革与管理,2007,(2):24-25.
[88]陈萍.浅谈企业的激励机制[J].青海经济研究,2006,138(6):88
[89]贾东旭.我国现代企业的激励机制[J].河南科技,2007,(10):11-12
[90]邹雅丽,凌鸿,胥正川.供应链跨组织流程重组协调的激励机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2006(9):176-178
[91]柯伟,陈衍泰,司春林.开放源代码创新社群中的激励机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2006(7):13-16
[92]王良春.组织成员知识共享的动机和激励机制分析[J].浙江教育学院学报,2O07,(4):32-36
[93]徐哲,范婷婷.基于工具箱的用户创新模式[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,19(1):20-23
[94]单初,刘昌屏.浅谈基于“工具箱"的用户创新模式[J].科技进步与对策,2003(11):122-123
[95] Joan E. Van Aken and Mathieu P. Weggeman. Managing Learning in Informal Innovation Networks: Overcoming the Daphne-dilemma[J]. R&D Management,2000,Vol.30(2):139-149.
[96]叶兴波,刘景江,魏梅.粘着信息与用户创新工具箱:一个研究综述[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):100-105.
[97]翟宏旭,崔晶晶.保险企业如何留住人才[J].东北财经大学学报,2004,31(1):62-63
[98]杨峰.知识管理中隐性知识显性化激励机制的探讨[J].现代情报,2004,(10):36-37.
[99]肖亮.竞争力导向的营销供应链物流管理战略过程研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[100] ZENG Zhibin, LI Yan, ZHU Wenxing. Partner selection with a due date constraint in virtual enterprises[J].Applied Mathematics And Computation, 2006,175:1353–1365
[101] ALAN Jessop. Minimally biased weight determination in personnel selection[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,153:434-444.
[102] Tien-Chin Wang, Yueh-Hsiang Chen. Applying consistent fuzzy preference relations to partnership selection[J].The International Journal of Management Science, 2007,35: 384– 388
[103]甘屹,齐从谦,杜继涛.基于蚁群算法的动态联盟伙伴选择研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):517-520
[104]马勇军,蔡鹤皋,张曙。网络联盟企业中的设计伙伴选择方法[J].机械工程学报, 2000,36(1):15-19
[105]聂茂林.供应链合作伙伴选择的层次变权多因素决策[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,3:25-32.
[106] JAMES E. Dougherty, Robert L. Pfaltzgraff.Jr. Contending theories of international relation:A Comprehensive Survey[M]. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 2001.
[107]叶红心,薛耀文,盛昭瀚.基于成员特征及历史信息的合作意愿度迭代模型[J].中国管理科学,2004,23(7):102-107.
[108] HAROLD Koontz, HEINZ Weihrich, Management[M], 9th edition. NewYork: McGrawHillinc, 1998.
[109] VINCENT S.LAI, Bo K.Wong,WAIMAN CHEUNG. Group decision making in a multiple criteria environment:A case using the AHP in software selection[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2002,137: 134-144.
[110] LIU Hua, CHEN Weiping, KANG Zhixin,etal. Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Desion Making for Evaluating Aggregate Risk in Green Mamufacturing[J].Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2005,10(5):627-632
[111]戚译,朱秀君.经济博弈论[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.
[112]曹健,赵海燕,张友良,罗定志.产品协同设计中的任务调度方法研究[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(5):489-492.
[113]杨斌鑫,刘小冬,成龙.单机排序问题1 ,(1 )acjr j prmp∑w j?e?的动态在线调度[J].运筹与管理,2004,13(1):23-26.
[114]吴秀丽,孙树栋,余建军等.多目标柔性作业车间调度决策精选机制研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,12(2):161-165.
[115]段永强,曹健,张申生.工作流系统中的动态任务调度[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(3):233-235.
[116]刘怡,张子刚.基于模糊层次分析法的工作流任务排序研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(5):688-701.
[117] Baker K R. Introduction to sequencing and scheduling[M]. New Jersey:John wiley and Sons,1974.
[118] Eppinger S D,Whitney D E,Smith R P,et al.Orgabizing the tasks in complex design projects.ASME,Design Engineering Division(Publication)DEV27,New York:ASEM, 1990:39-46.
[119]唐恒永,赵传立.排序引论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[120]吕文阁,姜莉莉,张海燕,刘作毅.动态复合规则的作业排序方法[J].机床与液压,2001(5):47-48
[121]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.8
[122]李宝山.集成管理—高科技时代的管理创新[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998
[123]白英彩,唐冶文等.计算机集成制造系统—CIMS概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[124] Hammer M and Champy J. Reengineering the corporation.Happer Business.1993
[125] Tang. H.K. An Integrative Model of Innovation in Organizations[J]. Technovation, 1998,18(5):297-305
[126] Autio, E., Hameri. A. The Structure and Dynamics of Technological Systems: A Conceptual Model [J]. Technology in Society.1995, 17(4): 365-384
[127]李成标.面向产品创新的管理集成理论与方法[博士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[128]李必强.关于集成和管理集成的探讨[J].管理学报,2004,1(1):10-13
[129] Janszen,F.H.A. Dynamic business modeling as a management tool that supports the development and testing of innovation strategies. IEMC' 98 Proceedings. International Conference,11-13 Oct.1998:408 -412.
[130] Stephen.M,Shapiro. Innovation: A Blueprint for Surviving and Thriving in an Age of Change.McGraw-Hill,2002
[131]胡树华,蔡铂.论产品创新[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(2):57-61
[132]许庆瑞,郑刚,喻子达等.全面创新管理(TIM):企业创新管理的新趋势--基于海尔集团的案例研究[J].科研管理,2003,24(5):1-7
[133]胡树华.产品创新管理一产品开发设计的功能成本分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[134]刘希宋,杨东奇.企业产品创新(开发)战略选择的系统研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001
[135] Zirger B.J.,J. L. Hartley.Ihe effect of acceleration techniques on product development time[J].IEEE Trans. Engrg. Managemeet 43(2),1996:143一152.
[136]古利平,张宗益.中国制造业的产业发展和创新模式[J].科学学研究,2006,(2):202-206
[137]赵志,陈邦设等.产品创新过程管理模式的基本问题研究[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(2):15-20
[138]张书亭,杨建军.支持快速产品创新的网络化制造模式[J].航空工程与维修,2001(4):18-20
[139]奚立峰,廖其红等.产品创新的孵化器一一工业创新中心的理念[J].中国机械工程,2002, 13(4):325-327
[140] Inner C. D.,D.F.Larcker. Product development cycle time and orgeni}ational perforn}ance[J]. J.Marketing Res.1997,34(1):13一23.
[141]郭晓川.产品创新能力与企业组织重组[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1997,18(2):5-7.
[142]毕克新,朱娟,冯英浚.中小企业产品创新研究现状和发展趋势分析[J].科研管理, 2005,26 (2):7-16.
[143]毕克新,张淑芳.制造业企业产品创新模式及其选择研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国科技论2007(4):42-46
[144]李家玉,胡宗武,金烨.并行产品开发过程中的任务分配问题研究[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(7):580-583
[145]张宏国,徐晓飞.基于工作分解结构的跨企业项目多级网络计划[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(3):513-519
[146]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[147]谢经明,娄平,陈幼平等.供应链中基于多Agent协商的任务分配机制的研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(21):1911-1915
[148] http://www.cqtj.gov.cn/szcq_c/tjnj/2004/yearbook/index.htm
[149] TatiKinda G. Capturing value from knowledge assets:The new economy,markets for know-how and intangibleassets[J].California Management Review,2000,40(3):55—79.
[150] Balachandra R.Friar J H.Factors for Success in R&D projcot and new product innovation:A contextual frame—work[J].Journal of IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1997,44(3):276—287.
[151]刘兵,邹树梁.组织文化与企业创新的协同机理研究[J].求索,2004(1):28-29
[2]顾新建,祁国宁.知识型制造企业.北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[3]游毅.产品创新中的创意管理问题研究[硕士学位论文].甘肃:兰州大学,2007
[4] J Browne, P J Sacket, J C Wortmann. Future Manufacturing System—Towards the Extended Enterprise. Computers in Industry,1995,25(3):235-254
[5] Thomke, S. H., E. von Hippel.. Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value[J]. Harvard Business Review. 2002, 80(4): 74–81.
[6] E. von Hippel. Democratizing Innovation[M]. MIT Press, 2005.
[7]胡汉辉,潘安成.组织知识转移与学习能力的系统研究[J].管理科学学报, 2006,9 (3): 81-85.
[8]王思峰,黄家齐,郑俐敏.团队知识转换与知识创造的实验研究:知识螺旋理论的验证[J],管理与系统,2002, 9(1): 29-60.
[9] Lettl, C., Herstatt, C. and Gemuenden, H.G., Users' contributions to radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology[J].R&D Management,2006, 36(3):251- 272
[10] von Hippel, E., Horizontal innovation networks- by and for users [C]. MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper,No. 4366- 02, 2002, June.
[11] von Hippel,E.,The Dominant Role of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process [J]. Research Policy, 1976, 5(3): 212- 239
[12] von Hippel, E., The Dominant Role of the Users in Semiconductorand Electronic Subassembly Process Innovation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1977,24(2): 60- 71
[13] von Hippel, E., The Sources of Innovation [M]. Oxford UniversityPress, New York, 1988.
[14]吴贵生,谢伟.用户创新概念及其运行机制[J].科研管理, 1996(5):14- 19
[15]陈钰芬,陈劲.用户参与创新:国外相关理论文献综述[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2002(2):52-56.
[16] von Hippel,E., Democratizing Innovation Cambridge[M]. MA:MIT Press, 2005.
[17] Rosenberg, N., Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics[M]. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1982.
[18] Gales,L., Mansour- Cole, D., User Involvement in InnovationProjects:Toward an InformationProcessing Model [J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,1995,12:77- 109
[19] Lüthje, C. Customer as co- inventors: An empirical analysis of the antecedents of customer- driven innovations in the field of medical equipment[C]. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy,Glasgow, 2003.
[20] Lüthje,C. Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field: An empirical study of sport- related product consumers[J]. Technovation, 2004, 24 (9), S:683- 695
[21] Lettl, C., Herstatt, C. and Gemuenden, H.G., Users' contributionsto radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology[J].R&D Management,2006, 36(3):251- 272
[22] Nelson, R., The Role of Knowledge in R&D Efficiency[J]. Quartely Journal of Economics, 1982, 97(3):453- 470
[23] von Hippel,E.,Economics of product development by users:the impact of“sticky”local information[J].Management Science,1998,44(5):629- 644
[24] Lilien, G. L., Morrison, P. D., Searls, M. etc. Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea-Generation Process for New Product Development. Management Science. 2002, 48 (8):1042–1059.
[25] Reichwald, R., Seifert, S., Walcher, D., etc. Customers as Part of Value Webs: Towards a Frameworkfor Webbed Customer Innovation Tools. Proceedings of 2004 Hawaii International Conference onComputer Sciences (HICSS), Hawaii, 2004
[26] Franke, N., E. von Hippel. Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software. Research Policy, 2003, 32 (7): 1199–1215
[27] Morrison, P. D., Roberts, J. H., E. von Hippel. Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market. Management Science, 2000, 46 (12): 1513–1527
[28] Franke, N., Piller, F. Value Creation by Toolkits for User Innovation and Design: The Case of the Watch Market. Journal of Product Innovation, 2004, 21: 401–415
[29] Donna, L. H., Praveen, K., etc. Identifying and Using Emergent Consumers in Developing Radical Innovations. Proceedings of Marketing Science Conference, Erasmus University, 2004.
[30] Lüthje, C. Characteristics of Innovating Users in a Consumer Goods Field: An Empirical Study of Sport-Related Product Consumers. Technovation, 2004, 24 (9): 683–695
[31] Reichwald, R., Seifert, S., Walcher, D., etc. Customers as Part of Value Webs: Towards a Frameworkfor Webbed Customer Innovation Tools. Proceedings of 2004 Hawaii International Conference on Computer Sciences (HICSS), Hawaii, 2004
[32] Chan, T. Y., Lee, J. F. A Comparative Study of Online User Communities Involvement inProduct Innovation and Development. Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Management of Technology IAMOT, Washington D.C., 2004
[33] Luthje, C., Herstatt, C. von Hippel.E. The Impact of Use Experience and Knowledge on Innovations:An Empirical Study of Innovative Activities Among End-users, MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper, 2002
[34] Dahan, E., Hauser, J.R. The Virtual Customer: Communication, conceptualization, and Computation,Journal of Product Innovation management, 2002, 19 (5): 332-353
[35] Gloor, A. P., Laubacher, R., Scott B.C., etc. Visualization of Communication Patterns in Collaborative Innovation Networks Analysis of some W3C working groups. Proceedings of ACM CIKM 2003, New Orleans, 2003.
[36] Chen, S.L., Tseng, M. M. Defining Specifications for Custom Products: A Multi-Attribute Negotiation Approach, CIRP Annals, 2005, 54 (1):159-162
[37] Tseng, M.M., Jiao, J. Customizability Analysis in Design for Mass Customization. Computer-Aided Design, 2004, 36 (8): 745-757
[38]唐文献,李莉敏,管瑞良.知识驱动协同创新的产品开发模型.计算机集成制造系统, 2005, 11(6): 757-761
[39]宛西原,刘飞,尹超,郑华林.基于客户的大规模定制产品的协同设计研究.计算机集成制造系统, 2002, 8 (12): 936-939
[40] Yang, Y, Zhang, X. D., Liu, F., etc. An Internet-based Product Customization System for CIM.International Journal of Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2005,21 (2): 109-118
[41] Li, S. X., Yang, Y., Liu, F, Yu Yang, etc. Study on the Product Description Method for Networked Customization[J]. International Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, 129 (11): 568-573
[42]杨育,张晓冬,刘胜,刘飞.网络化协同产品定制及其系统集成研究[J].中国机械工程, 2003, 14(15): 1290-1294
[43] Christensen,C.,The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
[44] von Hippel, E.,. Lead Users: A Source of Novel ProductConcepts [J]. Management Science, 1986, 32:791- 805
[45]余禾.企业创造性的培养和发挥[J].西南民旗学院学报·哲学社会科学版,2001,22(9):65-67
[46]马蕾.组织创新研究—基于惯域的观点[博士后学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[47]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理, 2000, 22 (10): 2-7
[48]沈俏梅客户关系管理:现代图书馆信息服务的新模式前沿[J],2003(7):123-125
[49]焦玉英,黄达,施俊. e环境下客户关系管理的运行机制研究[J].情报科学,25(10):1441-1443
[50]陈伯成,叶伟雄,李英杰,绳鹏.承载供应链管理的客户关系链管理分析与建模[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005,(4):42—54.
[51]钱瑞莉.浅谈我国信息咨询业发展中存在的问题及对策.沈阳教育学院学报,2003(4):82-83
[52]孙晓强.从组织学习过程模型看组织学习在知识管理过程中的角色[J].技术经济与管理研究,2007(1):89-91
[53] Prahalad C K, Hammel G. The core competence of the corporation [J]. Harvard Business Review,1990, 68(3):79-92.
[54] N ason S W. Organizational learning disabilities: an International Perspective [D]. USA:University of South California,1997
[55]陈国权,马萌.组织学习的过程模型研究管[J].管理科报,20003,3(3):15-23
[56] SAVRANSKY S D.Engineering of creativity1[M].Boca Raton,USA :CRC Press,2000.21—23.
[57]檀润华.创新设计--TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.12—14.
[58]张喜征,曾小青,杨泽凡等.基于Agent对虚拟企业工作流管理[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2003,25(1):24-28.
[59]胡锦敏,张申生,王英林.支持动态联盟的适应性工作流系统[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(20):1769-1772.
[60]范玉顺,刘飞,祁国宁.网络化制造系统及其应用实践.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[61]陈家润.论现代企业组织结构的发展趋势[J].河北汽车工业学院学报,2003(6):46-49
[62]姚晓霞.现代企业组织结构发展趋势[J].江苏经济探讨,1998(10):19-21
[63]蔡进兵.现代企业组织结构形式变迁的趋势分析[J].改革与战略,2003(6): 38-40
[64]李枫.虚拟企业管理模式探析[J].生产力研究,2007(8):118-119.
[65]修国义.齐攀面向项目的虚拟企业组织模式与管理[J].社会科学家,2007, 127(5):167-169
[66]林鸣,马士华.动态联盟.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[67]蒋贵川,范玉顺,吴澄.动态联盟与企业敏捷性研究.系统工程理论与实践,2002,(1):71-74
[68]李向东.面向网络化制造的企业协同管理及其关键技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004
[69]雍灏,陈劲,郭斌.技术创新中的领先用户研究[J].科研管理,1999,20(3):57-61
[70] Eric von Hippel .“Lead Users : A Source of Novel Product Concept”[J].Management Science ,1986,32(7):39-45
[71]迈克尔?波特著,陈小悦译.竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,1997
[72] Eric von Hippel , Ralph Katz. Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits , Management Science , 2002 , 48(7) : 821 - 833.
[73]张钢,于小涵.组织网络化发展中的学习机制与创新效率[J].科研管理,2005,26(6):87-93.
[74]顾乃康.现代企业理论的新发展:企业知识理论[J].经济学动态, 1997 , (11):25-28
[75]刘璇华,惠青山.组织创新与组织学习的互动关系探析科技管理研究,2005(8):73-75
[76]陈国权,马萌.组织学习现状与展望[J].中国管理科学,2000,8(1):66-74.
[77]孙利君.基于组织学习的客户关系管理研究[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,14(6):57-62
[78]许学国,尤建新,彭正龙.组织协同学习模型研究[J].工业工程与管理,2006(1):14-17
[79]姚俊,吕源,蓝海林.组织学习与演化的综合模型分析[J].管理评论,2006,18(1):45-50
[80]张毅,张子刚.企业网络组织间学习过程的二维模型[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(9):67-71
[81]来向红王文平.基于元胞自动机的知识型组织中知识传播过程仿真研究[J].管理学报,2006,3(5):514-518.
[82]张庆普,李志超.企业隐性知识流动与转化研究[J].中国软科学,2003,(1):88-92.
[83]彭灿.供应链中的知识流动与组织间学习[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):81-85.
[84]陈国权,马萌.组织学习的过程模型研究[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(3): 15-23
[85] Nonaka,I,Konno,N.The cocept of“Ba”:Buildlng a Foundation for Knowledge Creation[J].California Management Review,1998,40(3):40—54.
[86] Grant.R.M. Toward a Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,Vol.17(Winter Special Issue):16-18.
[87]满相忠,李娅.个性化定制模式的发展趋势[J].企业改革与管理,2007,(2):24-25.
[88]陈萍.浅谈企业的激励机制[J].青海经济研究,2006,138(6):88
[89]贾东旭.我国现代企业的激励机制[J].河南科技,2007,(10):11-12
[90]邹雅丽,凌鸿,胥正川.供应链跨组织流程重组协调的激励机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2006(9):176-178
[91]柯伟,陈衍泰,司春林.开放源代码创新社群中的激励机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2006(7):13-16
[92]王良春.组织成员知识共享的动机和激励机制分析[J].浙江教育学院学报,2O07,(4):32-36
[93]徐哲,范婷婷.基于工具箱的用户创新模式[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,19(1):20-23
[94]单初,刘昌屏.浅谈基于“工具箱"的用户创新模式[J].科技进步与对策,2003(11):122-123
[95] Joan E. Van Aken and Mathieu P. Weggeman. Managing Learning in Informal Innovation Networks: Overcoming the Daphne-dilemma[J]. R&D Management,2000,Vol.30(2):139-149.
[96]叶兴波,刘景江,魏梅.粘着信息与用户创新工具箱:一个研究综述[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):100-105.
[97]翟宏旭,崔晶晶.保险企业如何留住人才[J].东北财经大学学报,2004,31(1):62-63
[98]杨峰.知识管理中隐性知识显性化激励机制的探讨[J].现代情报,2004,(10):36-37.
[99]肖亮.竞争力导向的营销供应链物流管理战略过程研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[100] ZENG Zhibin, LI Yan, ZHU Wenxing. Partner selection with a due date constraint in virtual enterprises[J].Applied Mathematics And Computation, 2006,175:1353–1365
[101] ALAN Jessop. Minimally biased weight determination in personnel selection[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,153:434-444.
[102] Tien-Chin Wang, Yueh-Hsiang Chen. Applying consistent fuzzy preference relations to partnership selection[J].The International Journal of Management Science, 2007,35: 384– 388
[103]甘屹,齐从谦,杜继涛.基于蚁群算法的动态联盟伙伴选择研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):517-520
[104]马勇军,蔡鹤皋,张曙。网络联盟企业中的设计伙伴选择方法[J].机械工程学报, 2000,36(1):15-19
[105]聂茂林.供应链合作伙伴选择的层次变权多因素决策[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,3:25-32.
[106] JAMES E. Dougherty, Robert L. Pfaltzgraff.Jr. Contending theories of international relation:A Comprehensive Survey[M]. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 2001.
[107]叶红心,薛耀文,盛昭瀚.基于成员特征及历史信息的合作意愿度迭代模型[J].中国管理科学,2004,23(7):102-107.
[108] HAROLD Koontz, HEINZ Weihrich, Management[M], 9th edition. NewYork: McGrawHillinc, 1998.
[109] VINCENT S.LAI, Bo K.Wong,WAIMAN CHEUNG. Group decision making in a multiple criteria environment:A case using the AHP in software selection[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2002,137: 134-144.
[110] LIU Hua, CHEN Weiping, KANG Zhixin,etal. Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Desion Making for Evaluating Aggregate Risk in Green Mamufacturing[J].Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2005,10(5):627-632
[111]戚译,朱秀君.经济博弈论[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.
[112]曹健,赵海燕,张友良,罗定志.产品协同设计中的任务调度方法研究[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(5):489-492.
[113]杨斌鑫,刘小冬,成龙.单机排序问题1 ,(1 )acjr j prmp∑w j?e?的动态在线调度[J].运筹与管理,2004,13(1):23-26.
[114]吴秀丽,孙树栋,余建军等.多目标柔性作业车间调度决策精选机制研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,12(2):161-165.
[115]段永强,曹健,张申生.工作流系统中的动态任务调度[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(3):233-235.
[116]刘怡,张子刚.基于模糊层次分析法的工作流任务排序研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(5):688-701.
[117] Baker K R. Introduction to sequencing and scheduling[M]. New Jersey:John wiley and Sons,1974.
[118] Eppinger S D,Whitney D E,Smith R P,et al.Orgabizing the tasks in complex design projects.ASME,Design Engineering Division(Publication)DEV27,New York:ASEM, 1990:39-46.
[119]唐恒永,赵传立.排序引论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[120]吕文阁,姜莉莉,张海燕,刘作毅.动态复合规则的作业排序方法[J].机床与液压,2001(5):47-48
[121]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.8
[122]李宝山.集成管理—高科技时代的管理创新[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998
[123]白英彩,唐冶文等.计算机集成制造系统—CIMS概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[124] Hammer M and Champy J. Reengineering the corporation.Happer Business.1993
[125] Tang. H.K. An Integrative Model of Innovation in Organizations[J]. Technovation, 1998,18(5):297-305
[126] Autio, E., Hameri. A. The Structure and Dynamics of Technological Systems: A Conceptual Model [J]. Technology in Society.1995, 17(4): 365-384
[127]李成标.面向产品创新的管理集成理论与方法[博士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[128]李必强.关于集成和管理集成的探讨[J].管理学报,2004,1(1):10-13
[129] Janszen,F.H.A. Dynamic business modeling as a management tool that supports the development and testing of innovation strategies. IEMC' 98 Proceedings. International Conference,11-13 Oct.1998:408 -412.
[130] Stephen.M,Shapiro. Innovation: A Blueprint for Surviving and Thriving in an Age of Change.McGraw-Hill,2002
[131]胡树华,蔡铂.论产品创新[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(2):57-61
[132]许庆瑞,郑刚,喻子达等.全面创新管理(TIM):企业创新管理的新趋势--基于海尔集团的案例研究[J].科研管理,2003,24(5):1-7
[133]胡树华.产品创新管理一产品开发设计的功能成本分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[134]刘希宋,杨东奇.企业产品创新(开发)战略选择的系统研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001
[135] Zirger B.J.,J. L. Hartley.Ihe effect of acceleration techniques on product development time[J].IEEE Trans. Engrg. Managemeet 43(2),1996:143一152.
[136]古利平,张宗益.中国制造业的产业发展和创新模式[J].科学学研究,2006,(2):202-206
[137]赵志,陈邦设等.产品创新过程管理模式的基本问题研究[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(2):15-20
[138]张书亭,杨建军.支持快速产品创新的网络化制造模式[J].航空工程与维修,2001(4):18-20
[139]奚立峰,廖其红等.产品创新的孵化器一一工业创新中心的理念[J].中国机械工程,2002, 13(4):325-327
[140] Inner C. D.,D.F.Larcker. Product development cycle time and orgeni}ational perforn}ance[J]. J.Marketing Res.1997,34(1):13一23.
[141]郭晓川.产品创新能力与企业组织重组[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1997,18(2):5-7.
[142]毕克新,朱娟,冯英浚.中小企业产品创新研究现状和发展趋势分析[J].科研管理, 2005,26 (2):7-16.
[143]毕克新,张淑芳.制造业企业产品创新模式及其选择研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国科技论2007(4):42-46
[144]李家玉,胡宗武,金烨.并行产品开发过程中的任务分配问题研究[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(7):580-583
[145]张宏国,徐晓飞.基于工作分解结构的跨企业项目多级网络计划[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(3):513-519
[146]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[147]谢经明,娄平,陈幼平等.供应链中基于多Agent协商的任务分配机制的研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(21):1911-1915
[148] http://www.cqtj.gov.cn/szcq_c/tjnj/2004/yearbook/index.htm
[149] TatiKinda G. Capturing value from knowledge assets:The new economy,markets for know-how and intangibleassets[J].California Management Review,2000,40(3):55—79.
[150] Balachandra R.Friar J H.Factors for Success in R&D projcot and new product innovation:A contextual frame—work[J].Journal of IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1997,44(3):276—287.
[151]刘兵,邹树梁.组织文化与企业创新的协同机理研究[J].求索,2004(1):28-29
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |