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国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式优化研究
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摘要
国有煤矿经营者的管理与煤矿的安全生产关系密切,薪酬激励模式对煤矿经营者的管理行为起着重要导向作用。现行国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式以经济效益为主要导向和短期激励为主要方式,使得经营者注重经济效益而忽视安全、注重短期利益而不利企业长期发展。因此,研究安全和效益双重导向和长短期激励结合的国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式,对实现国有煤炭企业安全和效益双丰收,推动中国煤炭行业健康发展具有重要意义。
     分析国有煤矿经营者这一特殊群体的特殊性,认为对这一群体的薪酬激励需要进行深入研究。通过对多个大型矿业集团的深入调研与访谈,分析了现行国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式与绩效考核现状。总结出现行国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式及其缺陷,并分析出国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式优化的重点任务。
     对国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式优化重点任务进行了博弈分析。通过国有煤矿经营者-生产者的进化博弈分析发现,降低超产奖励额度,变超产奖为安全奖等都可有效降低违规概率,因此,应提高绩效薪酬中安全绩效的比重。通过国有煤炭企业董事会-煤矿经营者博弈分析发现,从长期来看,国有煤矿经营者与董事会将选择(安全指挥,执行安全检查)的策略组合,因此,国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式中必须引入长期激励方式。
     依据国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励机制的内在机理及其动力学特性,开创性地运用系统动力学方法建立了国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励机制演化的系统动力学模型。利用该模型进行了如下研究:国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励机制系统运行与系统内部结构之间的动力学机制;国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式优化重点包括效益和安全绩效及长期激励比重问题的动态模拟;关于国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式优化的政策建议。
     针对现行国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式及其缺陷,结合煤炭企业的特点,建立国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励优化模式:体现安全和效益并重的思想;采用相对业绩激励思想;延长激励年限,设置考核期超过年度的长期激励方式,提出可变年薪递延机制,以对煤矿经营者进行长期激励。有针对性地进行国有煤矿经营者薪酬激励模式的多样化设计,并提出优化模式实施的对策建议。
Management of State-owned coal mine operators has close relationship with itssafety production. Salary incentive mode plays an important guiding role to managementbehavior of the coal mine operators. The current state-owned coal mine operators salaryincentive mode places economic benefits for the main orientation and the short-termincentive for the main way.It makes operators pay more attention on economic benefitsand short-term benefits, but less on ignore safety and it has bad influence on long-termdevelopment of the enterprise. So the safety and benefits as double guide and thestate-owned coal mine salary incentive mode with combination of long-term andshort-term motivation has important significance not only to realize the state-ownedcoal enterprise safety and benefit double harvest, but also to promote the healthydevelopment of the coal industry in our country.
     To analyze the particularity of the special state-owned coal mine operators, theauthor thinks that further research and study to this group of salary incentive is inneeded. Through in-depth research and interview for many large mining enterprises, theauthor analyses incentive mode and situation of performance evaluation of the currentstate-owned coal mine operators. It makes summary on incentive mode of state-ownedcoal mine operators and its defects, and analyses the key tasks of optimization of thestate-owned coal mine operators’ salary incentive mode.
     The author makes game analysis on key tasks of salary incentive mode optimizationof State-owned coal mine operators. The game analysis of state-owned coal mineoperators-producers of evolution shows that reduction of over production limit andsubstitute for safety award can reduce the probability of violations effectively.Therefore, we should improve the ratio of safety performance to performance payequation. Game analysis of the state-owned coal enterprise board-coal mine operatorsshows that, in the long run, the state-owned coal mine operators and the board ofdirectors will choose strategic combinations of safety command and perform security.Therefore, long-term incentive ways must be introduced in state-owned coal mineoperators’ incentive mode.
     According to the inner mechanism and kinetics characteristics of state-owned coal mine operators’ salary incentive mode, the author creatively establishes the state-ownedcoal mine operators’ salary incentive mechanism of evolution system dynamics mode bysystematic dynamics method. Using the model the author makes the following research:state-owned coal mine operators salary incentive mechanism system operation andinternal structure dynamics mechanism of systems; State-owned coal mine operatorssalary incentive model optimization highlights include the benefits and safetyperformance and the dynamic simulation of the long term incentive proportion; policySuggestions for the state-owned coal mine operators salary incentive mode optimization.
     According to the existing state-owned coal mine operators salary incentive modeand its defects, combining the characteristics of the coal enterprises, we establish thestate-owned coal mine operators salary incentive optimization model: thought of makingcombination of safety and benefits, and relative performance incentives, and extendingthe incentive fixed number of year, and setting assessment period more than year'slong-term incentive mode, and putting forward to the variable salary deferredmechanism, to encourage the coal mine operators in long-term. The pointeddiversifications of design for state-owned coal mine operators’ incentive mode and somecountermeasures to optimize model implementation are putting forward in this thesis.
引文
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