促进发电环节节能减排的煤电产业链合作优化模型
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摘要
我国政府越来越重视能源的利用和环境污染问题。“十一五”计划中就有明确的节能降耗目标,随着“十一五”计划临近尾声,“十二五”计划即将浮出水面,碳排放将会作为约束性指标出现在“十二五”计划中。而我国的电力工业以火力煤炭发电为主,并将在长期内保持火电机组装机容量的增长。由于火电机组消耗了我国所生产的大部分煤炭,同时产生了大量的硫氮氧化物和二氧化碳,因此电力企业需要更多的承担起节能减排的责任。本文从煤电产业链的角度进行分析,将产业链上的各个环节都纳入到节能减排中,不仅有助于产业链的协调发展,也能更好的提升节能减排效果。主要内容如下：
(1)讨论了我国电力产业链节能减排的经济手段,包括发电商与煤炭商之间的合作、发电商与供电企业之间的合作、区域发电之间的合作。
(2)构建了市场条件下煤炭商、发电商、供电企业三方协调发展价格联动模型；煤炭商、发电商、运输商三者之间利益协调博弈模型；发电商与煤炭商之间价格谈判的风险收益均衡优化模型。上述模型的目的是为了保证发电商的稳定发电,从而实现发电侧的节能减排。
(3)构建了节能减排目标下发电商之间、区域发电之间的合作博弈优化模型,并建立了Shapley利益分配模型。
(4)将发电商的运行成本、备用成本和排污成本作为目标函数,在供电公司组织用户形成虚拟电厂情况下,建立了发电节能减排优化模型；应用Shapley值法,对发电商与供电公司之间的合作利润进行分配。
(5)建立了燃煤电厂碳税优化模型,其分为二级,第一级模型将燃煤电厂利润最大化作为目标函数,第二级模型将生产者剩余、消费者剩余和政府碳税收入最大化作为目标函数。
Our government is paying more and more attention to the problems about the use of energy and the pollution of environment. There are clear goal of saving energy and lowering energy consumption in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. With the approaching end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan will be unveiled, and carbon emission will appear in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan as a binding indicator. While the power industry in our country are based on fire coal power generation, and will keep the increase of the Installed capacity of thermal power units in a long time. As the thermal power generating units consume most of the coal produced by our country and generate a lot of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, electrical enterprise should take more responsibility of energy saving and consumption reduction. This thesis analyzes from the angle of coal electricity industry chain, and puts every links of the industry chain into the energy saving and consumption reduction, which not only help to the coordinate the development of the industry chain, but also promote the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction. The main content is following:
(1)The economy instruments for Energy-saving and emission reduction in China's power industry chain is discussed, which include the cooperation between power generation and coal, the cooperation between power generation and power supply enterprises and the cooperation between power generations in different area.
(2)The coordinated development and price linkage model is built,which includes coal, generating companies, power companies under market conditions. the interests of the coordination game model between coal, generating companies, power companies is also constructed. the risk-profit equilibrium optimization model between generators and coal is also set up, which can guarantee the stability of power generators, highlights the Energy-saving and emission reduction in power generation side.
(3)The cooperative game optimization model between generators and regional generators is set up under the target of saving energy and reducing emissions, and the shapley benefit disteibution model is also constructed.
(4) Considering some huge customers as a virtual power station, and considering the power generation operating costs, backup costs and sewage costs as minimization objective functions, the energy-saving and emission reduction optimization model is given; then the shapley value model is used to distribute profits between grid and power generators.
(5) The coal-fired power plant carbon tax optimal model is established, which has two sub-layers. The first one is the model for maximizing the coal-fired power plants' profits,the second one is the model which considering producer surplus, consumer surplus and the government carbon tax revenues.
(1)讨论了我国电力产业链节能减排的经济手段,包括发电商与煤炭商之间的合作、发电商与供电企业之间的合作、区域发电之间的合作。
(2)构建了市场条件下煤炭商、发电商、供电企业三方协调发展价格联动模型；煤炭商、发电商、运输商三者之间利益协调博弈模型；发电商与煤炭商之间价格谈判的风险收益均衡优化模型。上述模型的目的是为了保证发电商的稳定发电,从而实现发电侧的节能减排。
(3)构建了节能减排目标下发电商之间、区域发电之间的合作博弈优化模型,并建立了Shapley利益分配模型。
(4)将发电商的运行成本、备用成本和排污成本作为目标函数,在供电公司组织用户形成虚拟电厂情况下,建立了发电节能减排优化模型；应用Shapley值法,对发电商与供电公司之间的合作利润进行分配。
(5)建立了燃煤电厂碳税优化模型,其分为二级,第一级模型将燃煤电厂利润最大化作为目标函数,第二级模型将生产者剩余、消费者剩余和政府碳税收入最大化作为目标函数。
Our government is paying more and more attention to the problems about the use of energy and the pollution of environment. There are clear goal of saving energy and lowering energy consumption in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. With the approaching end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan will be unveiled, and carbon emission will appear in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan as a binding indicator. While the power industry in our country are based on fire coal power generation, and will keep the increase of the Installed capacity of thermal power units in a long time. As the thermal power generating units consume most of the coal produced by our country and generate a lot of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, electrical enterprise should take more responsibility of energy saving and consumption reduction. This thesis analyzes from the angle of coal electricity industry chain, and puts every links of the industry chain into the energy saving and consumption reduction, which not only help to the coordinate the development of the industry chain, but also promote the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction. The main content is following:
(1)The economy instruments for Energy-saving and emission reduction in China's power industry chain is discussed, which include the cooperation between power generation and coal, the cooperation between power generation and power supply enterprises and the cooperation between power generations in different area.
(2)The coordinated development and price linkage model is built,which includes coal, generating companies, power companies under market conditions. the interests of the coordination game model between coal, generating companies, power companies is also constructed. the risk-profit equilibrium optimization model between generators and coal is also set up, which can guarantee the stability of power generators, highlights the Energy-saving and emission reduction in power generation side.
(3)The cooperative game optimization model between generators and regional generators is set up under the target of saving energy and reducing emissions, and the shapley benefit disteibution model is also constructed.
(4) Considering some huge customers as a virtual power station, and considering the power generation operating costs, backup costs and sewage costs as minimization objective functions, the energy-saving and emission reduction optimization model is given; then the shapley value model is used to distribute profits between grid and power generators.
(5) The coal-fired power plant carbon tax optimal model is established, which has two sub-layers. The first one is the model for maximizing the coal-fired power plants' profits,the second one is the model which considering producer surplus, consumer surplus and the government carbon tax revenues.
引文
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