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旋转机械转子系统故障诊断方法的应用研究
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摘要
旋转机械在大型石油、化工、电力、冶金等行业应用非常广泛,是这些企业的核心设备。其主要故障来源主要出自其转动部件——转子系统,因此研究旋转机械转子系统故障诊断方法的应用具有重要意义。
     本文以研究转子系统故障诊断理论的应用性入手,简要介绍了旋转机械在国民经济发展中所处的重要地位,阐述了对旋转机械转子系统开展故障诊断的必要性以及带来的巨大效益,叙述了国内外设备故障诊断的发展现状。
     文章论述设备故障诊断的一般分析方法:幅域分析法、时域分析法以及频域分析法。详细阐述了不平衡、不对中、碰磨、油膜振荡、转轴裂纹等转子系统故障机理及其故障特征,引入三种对于转子系统故障诊断十分有效的分析方法:轴心轨迹,全谱和二维全息谱分析法。
     以轴心轨迹法、全谱诊断法和全息谱诊断法为主要分析诊断技术,详细介绍基于虚拟仪器的转子在线监测和故障诊断系统的开发过程。本文主要从网络传输、数据库存储以及远程数据库等角度,完成了系统开发中的实时数据发布与入库系统,数据库远程访问支持系统,后台数据库,客户端部分分析模块等程序的设计开发。为旋转机械转子系统的故障诊断提供有力的技术支持。
     以故障诊断实例说明系统的设计开发达到了预期目的,能够满足转子在线故障诊断的要求。指出在转子故障诊断过程中,三种方法结合使用,可以快速准确诊断转子故障,确定故障源,避免误判。转子在线监测故障诊断系统对工厂技术人员了解设备运转状况,合理安排设备大修时间,提高经济效益都具有十分重要的意义。
     目前系统已经投入使用,用于燕山石化聚酯厂离心式压缩机H101的在线监测与故障诊断分析。
Rotating machinery is widely used in the petrochemical, chemical, electrical and metal industries. It is very significant to study the application on fault diagnosis of rotor system for rotating machinery.
    The emphasis of the research is mainly put on the application on fault diagnosis of the rotor system. It introduces the importance of rotating machinery in the economic development, and then the necessity and great benefit to develop fault diagnosis are stated in detail. In addition, domestic and international dynamic is described for equipment of fault diagnosis.
    Three general analysis methods are discussed: amplitude, time and frequency analysis, which are the most elementary methods. Mechanisms and characteristics are elaborated for fault of rotor system such as unbalance, misalignment, machinery rubbing, oil whirl, shift crack, and etc. Three efficient methods are quoted for fault diagnose of rotor system: axis orbit, full spectrum, holospectrum.
    Rotating machinery on-line monitoring system is detailed with those three methods as main diagnosis. The whole task is completed to design and develop the real-time data transmitting and loading system, accessing remote database system, database, and analysis modules facing to the client. This provides a powerful technical support for the fault diagnosis for the rotor system of the rotating machinery.
    Fault diagnose system has achieved the designing goals and can meet the need for rotor on-line monitoring with examples of diagnose. Three diagnose methods used together on rotor fault diagnosis can confirm rotor fault, fault source quickly, and avoid misdiagnosis. This on-line system is most important for knowing equip state, planning equipment overhaul rationally, and improving economic benefit.
    Now, the system is carried out to be on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis for H101 Centrifugal Compressor.
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