发电机气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障的机电特性分析
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摘要
本文以汽轮发电机气隙静偏心、气隙动偏心、气隙动静混合偏心与定转子绕组短路的组合故障为研究对象,分析了发电机在正常运行状态、气隙偏心故障、转子匝间短路故障、定子匝间短路故障、气隙偏心与转子匝间短路复合故障、气隙偏心与定子匝间短路复合故障下的定转子径向振动特性与定子并联支路环流特性,并进行了相关的实验验证。本文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)推导得到了六种运行状态下引发定子产生径向振动的单位面积磁拉力公式、引发转子产生径向振动的水平方向与垂直方向的不平衡磁拉力公式、引发定子并联支路内部产生环流的电势差公式。这些公式包含了发电机正常运行与对应故障所涉及的主要参数,表达了各参数与对应状态下定转子磁拉力、并联支路感应电势差的函数关系,为对应故障的定转子外在振动特征和并联支路环流特征提供了定性分析基础,同时为定转子磁拉力与并联支路电势差的定量计算提供了参考依据；
(2)分析得到了发电机在六种状态下的定转子径向振动特征与定子并联支路环流特征,并在实验室模拟发电机上进行了验证。结果表明,气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障下的机电特征与发电机正常运行、气隙偏心与绕组短路中某单一故障的机电特征有所不同,并不是这些单一故障所对应特征的简单叠加。所得到的这些故障特征可在现有基础上丰富汽轮发电机的故障诊断判据,为气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障的诊断与识别提供了理论依据；
(3)得到了气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障下气隙偏心种类与定转子振动及定子并联支路环流某些特定成分的映射关系,这为发电机此类复合故障的诊断提供了参考和依据,同时有助于对其所含的偏心种类进行快速识别；
(4)得到了气隙偏心与转子短路复合故障、气隙偏心与定子短路复合故障下定转子磁拉力和定子并联支路电势差各频率成分的幅值上界表达式及其影响因素,并定性分析了气隙静偏心成分加剧、气隙动偏心成分加剧、转子短路程度加剧、定子短路程度加剧、发电机励磁电流增大对定转子振动特性和定子并联支路环流特性的影响,为组成复合故障的各故障成分变化趋势的监测提供了基础和依据。
Taking the combined faults composed of the static air-gap eccentricity, the dynamic air-gap eccentricity, the mixed air-gap eccentricity and the winding interturn short circuit in the turbo-generator as the study object, this thesis analyzes the radial vibration characteristics of the stator&rotor, and the circulating current characteristics inside the parallel branch loop respectively under the normal condition, the air-gap eccentricity fault, the rotor interturn short circuit fault, the staor interturn short circuit fault, the air-gap eccentricity&rotor short circuit composite fault, and the air-gap eccentricity&stator short circuit composite fault. The main achievements obtained in the thesis can be drawn up as follows.
(1) The formulas of the magnetic pull per unit area that causes radial vibrations to the stator, the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction which brings in radial vibrations to the rotor, and the electromotive force (E.M.F.) difference between the two branches which produces circulatign currents inside the parallel branch loop are deduced. Since these formulas contain the main faulty parameters and express the fuction relation between these parameters and the magnetic pulls&E.M.F. difference, they can be provided as the qualitative analysis basis of the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current characters. Also, these formulas can be used as the quantitative calculation reference of the magnetic pull and the E.M.F. difference.
(2) The analysis and experiment verification on the stator&rotor radial vibration characters and the circulating current characters respectively under the refered six conditions are presented. The result shows that the mechanical and electrical faultly characters of the composite faults are greatly different with that of the normal condition and the single faults. Moreover, these characters can not be obtained through the simple character superposition of the composed fault types. The proposed analysis results will improve the failure criterion of the turbo-generator and offer a theory reference for the diagnosis of the air-gap eccentricity&winding short circuit composite faults.
(3) The mapping relation between the air-gap eccentricity type and some specific components of the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current, which can be provided as the reference for the composite fault diagnosis and will be beneficial to the fast identification of the eccentricity types, is obtained.
(4) The upper bound amplitude expressions and the influential factors of the magnetic pull and the E.M.F. difference under the air-gap eccentricity&winding short circuit composite faults are obtained. Furthermore, the respective effect of the static air-gap eccentricity development, the dynamic air-gap eccentricity development, the rotor short circuit development, the stator short circuit development, and the exciting current increment on the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current is investigated, based on which the faulty components'development monitoring can be carried out.
(1)推导得到了六种运行状态下引发定子产生径向振动的单位面积磁拉力公式、引发转子产生径向振动的水平方向与垂直方向的不平衡磁拉力公式、引发定子并联支路内部产生环流的电势差公式。这些公式包含了发电机正常运行与对应故障所涉及的主要参数,表达了各参数与对应状态下定转子磁拉力、并联支路感应电势差的函数关系,为对应故障的定转子外在振动特征和并联支路环流特征提供了定性分析基础,同时为定转子磁拉力与并联支路电势差的定量计算提供了参考依据；
(2)分析得到了发电机在六种状态下的定转子径向振动特征与定子并联支路环流特征,并在实验室模拟发电机上进行了验证。结果表明,气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障下的机电特征与发电机正常运行、气隙偏心与绕组短路中某单一故障的机电特征有所不同,并不是这些单一故障所对应特征的简单叠加。所得到的这些故障特征可在现有基础上丰富汽轮发电机的故障诊断判据,为气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障的诊断与识别提供了理论依据；
(3)得到了气隙偏心与绕组短路复合故障下气隙偏心种类与定转子振动及定子并联支路环流某些特定成分的映射关系,这为发电机此类复合故障的诊断提供了参考和依据,同时有助于对其所含的偏心种类进行快速识别；
(4)得到了气隙偏心与转子短路复合故障、气隙偏心与定子短路复合故障下定转子磁拉力和定子并联支路电势差各频率成分的幅值上界表达式及其影响因素,并定性分析了气隙静偏心成分加剧、气隙动偏心成分加剧、转子短路程度加剧、定子短路程度加剧、发电机励磁电流增大对定转子振动特性和定子并联支路环流特性的影响,为组成复合故障的各故障成分变化趋势的监测提供了基础和依据。
Taking the combined faults composed of the static air-gap eccentricity, the dynamic air-gap eccentricity, the mixed air-gap eccentricity and the winding interturn short circuit in the turbo-generator as the study object, this thesis analyzes the radial vibration characteristics of the stator&rotor, and the circulating current characteristics inside the parallel branch loop respectively under the normal condition, the air-gap eccentricity fault, the rotor interturn short circuit fault, the staor interturn short circuit fault, the air-gap eccentricity&rotor short circuit composite fault, and the air-gap eccentricity&stator short circuit composite fault. The main achievements obtained in the thesis can be drawn up as follows.
(1) The formulas of the magnetic pull per unit area that causes radial vibrations to the stator, the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction which brings in radial vibrations to the rotor, and the electromotive force (E.M.F.) difference between the two branches which produces circulatign currents inside the parallel branch loop are deduced. Since these formulas contain the main faulty parameters and express the fuction relation between these parameters and the magnetic pulls&E.M.F. difference, they can be provided as the qualitative analysis basis of the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current characters. Also, these formulas can be used as the quantitative calculation reference of the magnetic pull and the E.M.F. difference.
(2) The analysis and experiment verification on the stator&rotor radial vibration characters and the circulating current characters respectively under the refered six conditions are presented. The result shows that the mechanical and electrical faultly characters of the composite faults are greatly different with that of the normal condition and the single faults. Moreover, these characters can not be obtained through the simple character superposition of the composed fault types. The proposed analysis results will improve the failure criterion of the turbo-generator and offer a theory reference for the diagnosis of the air-gap eccentricity&winding short circuit composite faults.
(3) The mapping relation between the air-gap eccentricity type and some specific components of the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current, which can be provided as the reference for the composite fault diagnosis and will be beneficial to the fast identification of the eccentricity types, is obtained.
(4) The upper bound amplitude expressions and the influential factors of the magnetic pull and the E.M.F. difference under the air-gap eccentricity&winding short circuit composite faults are obtained. Furthermore, the respective effect of the static air-gap eccentricity development, the dynamic air-gap eccentricity development, the rotor short circuit development, the stator short circuit development, and the exciting current increment on the stator&rotor vibration and the circulating current is investigated, based on which the faulty components'development monitoring can be carried out.
引文
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