基于DSP控制的开关磁阻电机调速系统的研究
摘要
开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor),简称SRM,因其结构简单、坚固、工作可靠、效率高、并且其构成的调速系统SRD具有运行性能和经济指标好等突出优点,在交流调速领域异军突起,成为当代电气传动领域的热门课题之一。但SRD无论是在理论上还是在应用上都存在着不少问题,有待于进一步的研究和完善。本文以实现工程应用为目标,以DSP为控制核心,研究并设计了55kW三相12/8极SRM的调速系统。
本文在了解了开关磁阻电机调速系统的发展和研究现状的基础上,进一步论述了开关磁阻电机的工作过程和转矩产生的本质,针对开关磁阻电机的特点提出了切实可行的控制策略,从理论上解释了开关磁阻电机高性能的原因。
在理论分析的基础上,设计了以DSP为控制核心的全数字控制系统。本文对功率变换器的设计、驱动电路和电源电路做了详细的分析;设计了以TMS320F240为核心的控制电路,包括位置检测电路、电流检测电路、IO接口电路、存储器接口电路、故障保护电路和丰富的通讯功能电路,充分利用了DSP内部丰富的外设资源,达到了简化电路结构、提高运行可靠性的目的;控制软件的设计采用模块化编程,具有控制灵活、操作方便、容易实现复杂的控制算法等优点,在本文中详细的给出了控制算法的流程图。
本文搭建了实验装置用于验证所设计的系统的控制性能。实验结果表明SRM在起动和各种速度稳态运行时的性能都达到了所预期的目标。针对要求SRD转矩控制精度比较高的场合给出了一种简单、实用的工程解决方法,有效的提高了转矩控制精度,解决了转矩和电流非线性控制问题。
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), as a new force suddenly rising in AC timing domain, has the advantages of simple and firm structure, high credibility and efficiency, and also makes the SRD running excellent and economical. So SRM is developing rapidly and becoming one of the most pop topics in the contemporary era of the electric transmission domain. But SRM has many problems to be solved both in theory and in practice. That means that further research and improvement are needed. This paper holds the control of the DSP core, aims at practical projects, researches and designs a timing system with three phase, 12/8-pole, and 55kW.
Based on the development and research status in quo of SRM timing system, the paper discusses the work process and the torque's producible essence of SRM. A viable strategy of control is put forward according to the characteristics of SRM. The paper also explains why SRM has so high-powered characteristics in theory.
On the base of the theory analysis, all-digital control system with the control of the DSP core is designed and the experimental equipment is built. There are detailed analysis on power converters, drive circuit and power supply circuit in the paper. Here the control circuit based on the core of TMS320F240 is designed, including the position detective circuit, current detective circuit, IO interface circuit, memorizer interface circuit, fault protection circuit and luxuriant communication circuit which made full use of the DSP's abundant outside resources, in order to simplify the circuit structure and increase the running reliability. The design of the control software adopted the modular programming, with flexible control, easy to operate and realize complex control algorithm. The paper also gives flow charts of the control algorithm in detail. In the paper, experimental equipments were built in order to verify the control system performance, the starting performance of SRM and the performance of steady-state operation in various speeds. The experimental results make it clear that the expected goals have been achieved. It gives a simple and practical project solution to the problem of SDR torque pulse. It is an effective method to increase the precision of the torque control, and to Improve Torque Precision.
本文在了解了开关磁阻电机调速系统的发展和研究现状的基础上,进一步论述了开关磁阻电机的工作过程和转矩产生的本质,针对开关磁阻电机的特点提出了切实可行的控制策略,从理论上解释了开关磁阻电机高性能的原因。
在理论分析的基础上,设计了以DSP为控制核心的全数字控制系统。本文对功率变换器的设计、驱动电路和电源电路做了详细的分析;设计了以TMS320F240为核心的控制电路,包括位置检测电路、电流检测电路、IO接口电路、存储器接口电路、故障保护电路和丰富的通讯功能电路,充分利用了DSP内部丰富的外设资源,达到了简化电路结构、提高运行可靠性的目的;控制软件的设计采用模块化编程,具有控制灵活、操作方便、容易实现复杂的控制算法等优点,在本文中详细的给出了控制算法的流程图。
本文搭建了实验装置用于验证所设计的系统的控制性能。实验结果表明SRM在起动和各种速度稳态运行时的性能都达到了所预期的目标。针对要求SRD转矩控制精度比较高的场合给出了一种简单、实用的工程解决方法,有效的提高了转矩控制精度,解决了转矩和电流非线性控制问题。
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), as a new force suddenly rising in AC timing domain, has the advantages of simple and firm structure, high credibility and efficiency, and also makes the SRD running excellent and economical. So SRM is developing rapidly and becoming one of the most pop topics in the contemporary era of the electric transmission domain. But SRM has many problems to be solved both in theory and in practice. That means that further research and improvement are needed. This paper holds the control of the DSP core, aims at practical projects, researches and designs a timing system with three phase, 12/8-pole, and 55kW.
Based on the development and research status in quo of SRM timing system, the paper discusses the work process and the torque's producible essence of SRM. A viable strategy of control is put forward according to the characteristics of SRM. The paper also explains why SRM has so high-powered characteristics in theory.
On the base of the theory analysis, all-digital control system with the control of the DSP core is designed and the experimental equipment is built. There are detailed analysis on power converters, drive circuit and power supply circuit in the paper. Here the control circuit based on the core of TMS320F240 is designed, including the position detective circuit, current detective circuit, IO interface circuit, memorizer interface circuit, fault protection circuit and luxuriant communication circuit which made full use of the DSP's abundant outside resources, in order to simplify the circuit structure and increase the running reliability. The design of the control software adopted the modular programming, with flexible control, easy to operate and realize complex control algorithm. The paper also gives flow charts of the control algorithm in detail. In the paper, experimental equipments were built in order to verify the control system performance, the starting performance of SRM and the performance of steady-state operation in various speeds. The experimental results make it clear that the expected goals have been achieved. It gives a simple and practical project solution to the problem of SDR torque pulse. It is an effective method to increase the precision of the torque control, and to Improve Torque Precision.
引文
[1]王宏华.开关型磁阻电动机调速控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[2]王宏华等.开关型磁阻电动机调速系统的发展及现状.电气传动,2001,5
[2]詹琼华.开关磁阻电动机.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992
[3]吴建华.开关磁阻电机设计与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]邱亦慧等.无位置传感器的全数字化开关磁阻电机驱动系统.电力电子技术,2000,5
[5]陈吴等.开关磁阻电动机恒功率输出控制研究.电力电子技术,2000,5,P37-P39
[6]瞿遂春.开关磁阻调速电动机PWM调压调速的实现与分析.中小型电机,1999,5
[7]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[8]高超等.开关磁阻电动机调速系统的结构、原理与维修.纺织部纺织机械研究所开关磁阻电机课题组,2004
[9]邱亦慧等.开关磁阻电机调速系统电流环的数字控制.微电机,1999,5
[10]王旭东等.开关磁阻电动机电流双幅值斩波控制.中国电机工程学报,2000,4
[11]王旭东等.开关磁阻电动机开关角的在线最优控制.电机与控制学报,1999,Vol.3 No.4
[12]韩安太等.DSP控制原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]张奕黄等.电动汽车用开关磁阻电机的DSP控制系统.电机电器技术,2002,(4);2-5.
[14]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[15]陈昊等.开关磁阻调速电动机功率变换器的设计.中国矿业大学学报,Vol.27,NO.2,P158-P161,1998
[16]王哈力等.开关磁阻电动机微机控制系统.电机与控制学报,1996,1
[17]陈吴等.开关磁阻电动机的换相基本理论与实践.南京航空航天大学学报,1996,4
[18]黄建中等.开关磁阻电机的控制模式.电气传动,1997,5
[19]Michael T.DiRenzo.Switched Reluctance Motor Control Basic Operation and Example Using the TMS320F240.A pplicationR eport,2000,SP RA420A.
[20]Adrian David Chenk,Yusuke Fukuda.A New Torque and Flux Control Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives.IEEE Trans,on Power Electronics,2002,17(4):54 3-557.
[21]Broeck H.Vetal.Switched Reluctance Drive and PWM Induction Motor Drive Compared for Low Cast Application.Proc.EPE'93,1993:pp71-76.
[22]Krishnan Retal.Design Procedure for Switched Reluctance Motors.IEEE Trans.on IA,1988,24(3):pp456-461
[23]Radun AV.Design Considerations for the Switched Reluctance Motor.IEEE Trans.on IA,1995,31(5):pp 1079-1087 ind.Electronics.1990,37(6):pp469-476.
[24]H.J.Ryoo,A New Split Source Type Converter for SRM Drives,IEEE Power.V(2)V(A),1998,1290-1295
[2]王宏华等.开关型磁阻电动机调速系统的发展及现状.电气传动,2001,5
[2]詹琼华.开关磁阻电动机.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992
[3]吴建华.开关磁阻电机设计与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]邱亦慧等.无位置传感器的全数字化开关磁阻电机驱动系统.电力电子技术,2000,5
[5]陈吴等.开关磁阻电动机恒功率输出控制研究.电力电子技术,2000,5,P37-P39
[6]瞿遂春.开关磁阻调速电动机PWM调压调速的实现与分析.中小型电机,1999,5
[7]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[8]高超等.开关磁阻电动机调速系统的结构、原理与维修.纺织部纺织机械研究所开关磁阻电机课题组,2004
[9]邱亦慧等.开关磁阻电机调速系统电流环的数字控制.微电机,1999,5
[10]王旭东等.开关磁阻电动机电流双幅值斩波控制.中国电机工程学报,2000,4
[11]王旭东等.开关磁阻电动机开关角的在线最优控制.电机与控制学报,1999,Vol.3 No.4
[12]韩安太等.DSP控制原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]张奕黄等.电动汽车用开关磁阻电机的DSP控制系统.电机电器技术,2002,(4);2-5.
[14]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[15]陈昊等.开关磁阻调速电动机功率变换器的设计.中国矿业大学学报,Vol.27,NO.2,P158-P161,1998
[16]王哈力等.开关磁阻电动机微机控制系统.电机与控制学报,1996,1
[17]陈吴等.开关磁阻电动机的换相基本理论与实践.南京航空航天大学学报,1996,4
[18]黄建中等.开关磁阻电机的控制模式.电气传动,1997,5
[19]Michael T.DiRenzo.Switched Reluctance Motor Control Basic Operation and Example Using the TMS320F240.A pplicationR eport,2000,SP RA420A.
[20]Adrian David Chenk,Yusuke Fukuda.A New Torque and Flux Control Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives.IEEE Trans,on Power Electronics,2002,17(4):54 3-557.
[21]Broeck H.Vetal.Switched Reluctance Drive and PWM Induction Motor Drive Compared for Low Cast Application.Proc.EPE'93,1993:pp71-76.
[22]Krishnan Retal.Design Procedure for Switched Reluctance Motors.IEEE Trans.on IA,1988,24(3):pp456-461
[23]Radun AV.Design Considerations for the Switched Reluctance Motor.IEEE Trans.on IA,1995,31(5):pp 1079-1087 ind.Electronics.1990,37(6):pp469-476.
[24]H.J.Ryoo,A New Split Source Type Converter for SRM Drives,IEEE Power.V(2)V(A),1998,1290-1295